Chapter 18 Section 3 Livestock Products

my country's animal husbandry has a long history. As early as 4,000 years ago, in the era of Yao, Shun and Yu, cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, dogs, and chickens were all available. At present, the number of livestock and poultry species is the highest in the world.There are many excellent breeds that are well-known at home and abroad, such as Xinjiang Yili horse, Qinghai Haomen horse, Gansu Hequ horse, Inner Mongolia Sanhe horse, Sanhe cattle, Qinchuan cattle, Dechang buffalo, Qinghai-Tibet yak, Xinjiang donkey, Inner Mongolia camel, Ningxia Tan sheep , Inner Mongolia fat-tailed sheep, Rongchang pig, Neijiang pig, Jinhua pig, Peking duck, Wushan black-bone chicken, etc.

In addition, China's processed livestock and poultry products have long enjoyed a good reputation in the world market, such as bristles, which monopolize the world market, and hog casings, which are famous in Europe and America.Xinjiang wool, Ningxia Zhongwei mohair, Wangfu camel hair, Shandong rabbit hair and other plush products are exported in large quantities. Other skins such as Ningxia Tan lamb skin, Zhejiang Lake lamb skin, Zhangjiakou lamb skin, and Xinjiang Kuqa purple lamb skin are also popular in the international market. favor. In recent years, Chinese duck down and down products such as down coats, quilts, sleeping bags, and ski suits have gone abroad one after another and sold well all over the world.

Xinjiang "Tianma" Xinjiang "Tianma", commonly known as Yili horse, was originally produced in the Wusun region of the Western Regions. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty discovered that this horse was a good horse 2,000 years ago and named it "Tianma". After years of cultivation and improvement, it became Xinjiang Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Ili horses are abundant. Yili is located in the northwestern border of my country, with abundant water and grass and a warm climate, it has an ideal pasture for breeding fine Yili horses.Yili horses are strong and burly, with a height of about 1.4 meters. The average height is about 10 centimeters higher than that of Mongolian horses. The weight is more than 200 kilograms. Excellent variety for both uses.The horse has a gentle temperament, strong pulling force for farming and strong endurance; it is good at walking and riding, with vigorous and light steps, quick movements, and sprinting like flying; it is suitable for group herding and breeding on the plateau, and is adaptable to severe cold and scorching heat. Wearing a fur jacket and wearing gauze at noon" has a dry continental climate; strong reproductive ability, stable genetics, and easy to pass on to the next generation.Yili horse meat is lean and milky, and the fat content in horse meat is low. Regular consumption can reduce the incidence of heart disease, treat high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia, and is a good health meat food. Horse milk is rich in nutrients and can help digestion. Certain curative effect.Yili horses are well-known both at home and abroad, and are exported to Central Asia, America and Eastern European countries.

Qinghai "Dragon Colt" Qinghai "Dragon Colt", also known as Qinghai Cong, or Haomen Horse.Qinghai "Dragon Colt" got its name from a legend.According to legend, in ancient times, the horses native to the Haixin Mountain in Qinghai Lake were mated with the dragon horses from the sky, and the dragon foals were produced and multiplied. Qinghai "Dragon Colt" can be used as a stage horse. "Dragon Colt" walks differently from the crossed steps of ordinary cattle, horses, donkeys, and camels. Instead, it walks sideways, that is, the left front and back legs and the right front and back legs start at the same time. The mouth is stable, without the pain of leaning forward and backward, and gallops quickly after getting on the saddle, just like a dragon horse.

Today's Qinghai "Longju" is mainly produced in the valley plain of the Haomen River (also known as the Datong River) at the foot of the Qilian Mountains or in the grassland around Qinghai Lake.The general body height is 1.3 meters, the shape is well-proportioned, and the body is fit. It adapts to the cold climate of the Qinghai Plateau and is suitable for roughage feeding.Riding like flying, the pace is steady and powerful, and the pulling force is strong when used in farming. It is an excellent horse breed for both riding and pulling. Qilianshan Horse Farm in Qinghai Province vigorously breeds Qinghai "Dragon Colt" and exports it to the international market.

Hequ horse is named for its origin in the Hequ area of ​​the Yellow River bordering Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan provinces.Hequ horses are closely connected with the civilization of the Yellow River Basin in ancient China. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Hequ horses were the fine breeds of the Qin State. Until the Tang and Song Dynasties, Hequ horses were praised as "divine steeds". The Hequ horse is stout and tall, with a broad chest, strong joints, and strong limbs. The coat color is mostly black hair and bay hair, followed by chestnut brown, and there are few other variegated colors. The pulling force and endurance are strong, and the general pulling force reaches 250-400 kg.Hequ horses have strong disease resistance and adapt to a wide range of regions. They are popular in the vast rural areas of northern my country for farming and carts.

At present, the main production areas of Hequ horse are Maqu, Luqu, Xiahe, and Zhuoni counties in Gansu Province. In addition, Jiuzhi County in Qinghai Province and Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, and Ruoergai, Aba, and Hongyuan counties in Sichuan Province also produce Hequ horse. Our country attaches great importance to the breeding and breeding of Hequ horse, an ancient fine breed horse. Because of its strong adaptability and resistance to roughage, it is also introduced and cultivated in some rural areas in the north. In 1954, the country officially named this horse breed as Hequ horse, which is as famous as Yili horse and Mongolian horse.

Yak Yak is produced in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the roof of the world. It is a breed of cattle in the alpine regions of the world. my country's yak production ranks first in the world, accounting for more than 85% of the world's total production. Born in the alpine region, the yak has short limbs and a strong body. There are 30-40 cm long hairs on the abdomen and buttocks to keep out the cold. Its tail is unique, like a horse's tail.Because there is a piece of natural tough cartilage on the sole of the foot as a "foot pad", walking on the rugged mountain roads is like walking on flat rivers. It has become the main means of transportation for Tibetans, and is known as the "Boat of the Plateau".Yaks have strong hearts and lungs, more red blood cells and hemoglobin than ordinary cattle, and adapt to the ecological environment of plateau anoxic.Because yaks have thick "natural sweaters" to keep out the cold, they are fearless when climbing glaciers and lying on snow.A yak can carry 40-50 kilograms of goods, and even a load of about 150 kilograms. It can travel 50-60 kilometers of mountain roads every day.

The yak has high economic value and is a domestic animal that is used for draft, milk, meat, skin and hair. Yak meat is rich in nutrition, high in protein, low in fat, rich in lean meat, less in bone, and the net meat rate reaches 40%.Each female yak weighs 200 kg, and the male yak weighs 250-300 kg. After slaughter, the net meat rate is quite considerable. Although the meat fiber is thick, the meat is delicious, better than yellow beef.Yak milk is high in protein, low in fat, and tastes pure and pollution-free. Its calorie and fat content are higher than those of the famous Dutch cows in the world.

Yak hide, wool and velvet are high-grade raw materials for wool textile industry and leather industry.Each adult yak can shear 1.5-2 kg of wool per year. It is high-quality wool for making high-grade woolen fabrics, blankets and sweaters. Its wool products have entered high-end shopping malls at home and abroad, and yak sweaters and coats have become popular in the market.The bones, horns and hoofs of yaks can be made into feed and fertilizer, and its viscera can be used to make medicines. The main producing area of ​​China's yak is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The Tibetan people have a history of domesticating yaks for more than 1,300 years. According to the records in Tibet's "Yalong Religious Origins", during the era of the eighth generation of Tubo King Songtsan Gampo, the Tibetan people had domesticated yaks for use as livestock.Qinghai is a concentrated production area of ​​yaks in China and also the place with the most yaks in the world.Qinghai yaks are not only used for military service, but also have high edible value. Live yaks from Qinghai are sold to Hong Kong, and frozen yak meat is exported to Eastern European countries.

Peking Duck Peking Duck, also known as white duck, is a fine-bred duck with delicious meat and a special duck for the local flavor of Beijing "Beijing Roast Duck". Peking Duck is famous both at home and abroad with Beijing Roast Duck restaurants all over the world, and is popular all over the world. Peking duck breeding started as early as the Ming and Qing Dynasties and has a history of hundreds of years.It is mainly produced in Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs of Kyoto.The terrain here is low-lying, there are many forks in rivers and lakes, the waters are all over the place, and there is abundant feed. It has the natural pond conditions for raising fine-bred ducks.The area around Yuquan Mountain was originally a royal garden area, and there was a great demand for banquets for the royal family and dignitaries. It is convenient to raise ducks nearby and cook duck feasts on the spot. Peking ducks are huge and grow fast. The weight of the ducklings can reach 1.5-2 kg 50-60 days after hatching, which is the best time to go on the market. The roasted "Beijing Roast Duck" is tender and juicy, bright in color and rich in aroma , very popular.An adult Peking duck weighs 314 kilograms. If it is artificially fed, it uses high-quality "stuffing", also known as "stuffed duck".The female ducks start to lay eggs after half a year. The eggs are blue and white, each about 90 grams. The salted duck eggs are also very popular among the public. Beijing Roast Duck is famous far and wide. Chinese and foreign tourists regard tasting "Beijing Roast Duck" as an essential catering activity when they come to Beijing. In addition, more than one million ducks still need to be shipped to Hong Kong every year, so that the supply of Peking Duck is in short supply. Silkie is a rare ornamental and medicinal chicken.This kind of chicken has a white phoenix crown on top, white beard, green ears, blue tasseled head, and snow-white velvet-like white hair all over its body, which is as thin as silk and extremely gorgeous.Hairy legs, hairy feet, with five claws, especially characterized by black skin, black meat, and black bones.It is mainly produced in Wushan, Taihe County, Jiangxi Province, and is also called Wushan black-bone chicken.According to the records of Taihe County Chronicles, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty named this chicken Wushan black-bone chicken and listed it as a tribute. It was exhibited at the Panama International Exposition in 1915 and was rated as a valuable "ornamental chicken".It was on the verge of extinction in the 1950s, but it has flourished again after vigorous support and maintenance, mainly because of its high medicinal value.It has been scientifically determined that black-bone chicken contains melanin, hormones and rich amino acids, and its medicinal value and unique nutritional function have attracted worldwide attention.There are three main functions: one is to nourish and strengthen the body, and it has obvious curative effect on both qi and blood deficiency; the other is to treat women's irregular menstruation, postpartum weakness, habitual abortion, and blood collapse; the third is to treat heart disease, gastric ulcer, tuberculosis, and neurasthenia , Insomnia, etc. At present, China exports Wushan silky chicken to Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asian countries.Beijing Tongrentang Pharmacy uses this chicken as raw material, adds ginseng, astragalus, angelica, and antler glue to make Wuji Baifeng Pills, which is an important gynecological medicine. Bristle China's pig industry is well developed, with 153 varieties, and its output ranks first in the world, while Sichuan ranks first in the country, with an annual output of more than 50 million heads.The people of our country take pork as the main source of meat, so the slaughtering volume is large, and the source of bristles is sufficient.Bristle is a traditional export commodity with a long history in China, accounting for about 80% of the world's bristle trade volume, and enjoys a high reputation in the international market.The bristles produced in China are of high quality and are divided into four categories: black, white, yellow and flower.Rongchang, Longchang, and Lu counties in Sichuan mainly produce white bristles, while Ding County in Hebei, Daxian, Wanxian, Hechuan, and Jiangbei in Sichuan mostly produce black bristles, which are famous all over the world.Hubei bristle is called Han bristle. It has a complete variety, wear resistance and heat resistance, smooth color, moderate hardness, elasticity and strong adsorption.China's bristle production and export volume has reached more than 10,000 tons, mainly for the European market. Pig casing Pig casing is an important traditional export commodity in my country, accounting for about 60% of the world market, and it is divided into white, milky white and light red.Pig casings are cheaper and better than artificial casings, and are a must-have for sausage processing in the European and American food industries.In the past, casing processing was done manually, and the cold storage technology was not ideal. In recent years, it has gradually moved towards mechanization, especially the casings produced by Sichuan and Chongqing casing manufacturers are at the forefront. In addition, Shenyang, Harbin, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jinhua, Rugao, Nanchang, and Changsha all have casings processing plant. Rabbit fur Rabbit fur is a high-quality natural animal fiber, which is a high-grade plush textile raw material, and can adapt to the development trend of "thin, soft, beautiful, and high-end" contemporary clothing. my country is the main supplier of rabbit fur in the world, and its export volume accounts for more than 90% of the world's total export volume, half of which is sold to Japan, which is the country with the largest consumption of rabbit fur in the world. Rabbit farming is well developed in the vast rural areas of China, and Shandong Province has the largest output of rabbit fur.In recent years, the output of high-quality plush rabbit hair has increased year by year. Ningxia Tan Lamb Skin Ningxia Tan Lamb Skin is a high-quality fur traditionally exported in China.Tan sheep hides are produced in Helan, Pingluo, Yanchi, Wuzhong, Tongxin and other counties in Ningxia, and are processed from the hides of young Tan sheep.This kind of lamb fur has nine bends and wavy patterns. The hairs naturally droop up to 719 centimeters. They are soft and white, warm, strong, light, and beautiful.Women's Chinese-style small leather jackets made of Chinese brocade and Tan lamb skin are noble and gorgeous winter clothing for Chinese and foreign women.