Chapter 16 Chapter 4 A wide variety of native products

Ancient China was founded on agriculture and was the birthplace of many crops in the world.The cultivation of food crops has a history of six to seven thousand years. It is the main producing area of ​​many food crops in the world, and it is also one of the earliest countries in the cultivation of rice and wheat.Millet, buckwheat, red bean, sorghum, and soybean originated in China and gradually spread to all parts of the world.At present, China's rice production accounts for half of the world's total production, ranking first.China's grain crops have excellent varieties and have occupied the world market for a long time. They are traditional export products. Among them, there are many rare and special varieties, which enjoy a high reputation in domestic and foreign markets.For example, the rare fragrant rice includes Huzhou Steamed Rice in Zhejiang, Xiaozhan Rice in Tianjin, "Black Rice" in Yangxian County, Shaanxi, Prince Xiaogan Rice in Hubei, Black Glutinous Rice in Guizhou, Purple Glutinous Rice in Yunnan, Dechang Fragrant Rice in Sichuan, Cunmi in Shaanxi, Yinchuan in Ningxia Fragrant rice, Hubei Zhongxiang fragrant rice, Guangdong Qimei rice, Guangxi Yulin fragrant rice, Hunan Lianyuan fragrant rice, Shaanxi Hanzhong fragrant rice, Jiangsu Wuxi "Yu Nuo" and Jiangsu Changshu fragrant japonica rice are all excellent rice products.Wheat includes Henan wheat, Jiangsu Yancheng barley, Inner Mongolia buckwheat, naked oats, all of which are fine varieties.Qinzhou yellow millet has a long-standing reputation.Economic crops such as Northeast soybeans in the Middle East, peanuts in Shandong, and Chinese ramie are famous all over the world.

Tianjin Xiaozhan Dao The polished rice produced in Tianjin Xiaozhan area, the rice grains are crystal clear, plump and heavy, with strong colloidal force, strong fragrance, clear and oily, steamed rice or porridge with moderate viscosity, excellent taste, color, aroma and taste all available.High nutritional value, easy to digest, invigorating the spleen and appetizing, it is a high-quality variety of rice.It has been used as tribute rice in the capital and a rare fragrant rice enjoyed by high-ranking officials and nobles in the past dynasties.In recent years, in order to meet the needs of the domestic and foreign markets, Xiaozhan Rice has continuously increased the yield per unit area and appropriately expanded the planting area. At the same time, it has preserved the excellent taste and texture of Xiaozhan Rice, which is very popular in domestic and foreign markets.

Huzhou parboiled rice Huzhou parboiled rice is a famous fragrant rice in Zhejiang. Parboiled rice is processed by a unique process, which was popular in Huzhou area as early as the Wuyue era (500 BC).Using high-temperature shell steaming and then shelling, the nutrients on the surface of the rice can penetrate into the rice quality, and the green buds of the rice will not be damaged, and the high nutritional value will be preserved.The finished product of parboiled rice is yellow, translucent, and feels loose to the touch, just like touching jewelry.Put the parboiled rice into the pot for cooking, the color changes from yellow to white, crystal clear, the taste is pure and fragrant, and it tastes very refreshing.Huzhou parboiled rice used to be "tribute rice", and it has been sold overseas so far. It is a famous rice in the south of China.

Yangxian black rice is named after it is produced in Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province. It is a world-renowned black rice.This kind of beige is dark in color, with a light and mellow medicinal taste. It has the title of "black pearl". It is especially suitable for cooking porridge and is easy to digest. It is a health-care and nourishing food.If the smell of medicine is removed, add appropriate amount of other fragrant rice. China has a long history of planting black rice, and its medicinal value has been recorded in Chinese medicine.Often eat black rice, can treat dizziness, anemia, juvenile white hair, deficiency of both Qi and blood.Black rice has a dense texture and specific color grains. It contains 9.56%-11.8% of protein, 2.37% of fat, and high content of 16 kinds of amino acids, of which lysine content reaches 0.997%, and arginine content reaches 1.153%. Containing 10.21 mg of vitamin B and 20.16 mg of vitamin B, it has become a very popular nourishing food among the "black food" in the world.In Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province, in order to select improved black rice varieties, a new variety, Dwarf Black Valley, was bred, with short plants, lodging resistance and high yield.Black rice is not only sold to Hong Kong, Macau and Southeast Asia, but also exported to Europe, America and Africa.

"Qinzhou Yellow" millet "Qinzhou Yellow" millet, produced in Qin County, Shanxi Province, was named because Qin County belonged to Qinzhou in ancient times.This kind of millet has deep yellow color, round grains, firm and full, and is a famous nutritious food among corns.People praise Qinzhou yellow millet as "golden beads". There is a local proverb: "Golden beads, gold beads and jade, and gold beads are not exchanged for 'Qinzhou yellow'". According to legend, from the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, "Qinzhou Yellow" millet has been used as "tribute rice" and sent to the capital every year for the enjoyment of the royal family and dignitaries.According to historical records, in the "Eight Treasure Porridge" that Empress Dowager Cixi likes to eat, it must be made with "Qinzhou Yellow" millet.

According to the measurement of modern food research institutes, the fat content of "Qinzhou Huang" millet is 4.2%, which is 1%-2.5% higher than ordinary millet; the soluble sugar content is 1.6%, which is much higher than ordinary millet. The protein and fat content of "Qinzhou Yellow" millet are higher than those of rice and wheat, while the crude fiber content is the lowest among all grains. "Qinzhou Yellow" millet is well-known at home and abroad for its rich nutritional value. Currently, Qin County, Shanxi Province is expanding the planting area to meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets.

Northeast Soybeans Soybeans are native to the land of my country, and our country is known as the "Motherland of Soybeans".Soybeans are widely planted, mainly distributed in the North China Plain and the Northeast Plain, especially in the Northeast, which is famous for its high yield and good quality in the world. In 1936, China's soybean output was as high as 26.6 billion jin, accounting for 90% of the world's soybean production at that time, and monopolizing the international soybean market.Since the introduction of soybeans in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century, it has developed rapidly. At present, the output ranks first in the world, Brazil ranks second, and China retreats to the third. However, it is still a traditional bulk export agricultural product in China. It is mainly exported to Japan, Singapore, Malaysia and other countries. Hong Kong and Macau.

Soybean is not only an oil crop with high economic value, but also rich in nutrition, so it is called "vegetable meat".The oil content of soybeans is 20%-21%, and the protein is as high as 40%-42%. According to scientific determination, the protein contained in one kilogram of soybeans is equivalent to two kilograms of lean pork, 2.5 kilograms of beef, and three kilograms of eggs.The fat contained in soybeans accounts for 18%-20%. Although it is five times higher than milk and twice as high as eggs, it is only half of pork. Therefore, it is a high-quality "weight loss" protein food and is increasingly popular in the world.Soybean also contains eight kinds of amino acids, such as lysine and phenylpropionic acid, which cannot be synthesized by the human body, which can prevent the increase of cholesterol and the hardening of arteries.Soybean is the only vegetable protein food that can replace animal protein. There are many kinds of soy-based foods made from soybeans, among which Chinese tofu is an original popular nutritional and health food.

The soybeans produced in Northeast China are famous for their high quality and are well-known in the world market.Northeast soybeans are large and plump, golden and bright, with an annual export volume of more than one million tons. Chinese Ramie Ramie is a unique specialty in China, and it is one of the best quality hemp fibers.It has slender fibers, strong tensile force, good luster, fast moisture absorption, corrosion resistance, mildew resistance, heat dissipation and water dissipation performance are stronger than ordinary fibers.The high-grade clothing material made of ramie not only has a simple and elegant appearance, but also has bright colors, absorbs sweat and wicks sweat, is breathable and cool, and does not shrink. , Ming and Qing Dynasties have been sold abroad.There are more than 1,800 kinds of synthetic polyester and linen products made of ramie and artificial fibers.It is made into tablecloths, curtains, napkins and various trendy clothes and sold in European and American markets. At present, the international fashion industry has set off a "ramie craze", and the supply of ramie and ramie fabrics in China is in short supply.

In addition to being used as a high-quality textile raw material, ramie is widely used in the defense industry and transportation industry.China's concentrated ramie production areas include Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Anhui, Guangdong, and Fujian.