Chapter 16 Chapter Five Medicine King Sun Simiao

Sun Simiao was an outstanding medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty.His "Thousands of Golden Prescriptions" and "Thousands of Golden Prescriptions" occupy an important position in the history of medicine. Sun Simiao, a native of Jingzhaohuayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province), has had disputes over the age of birth and death. According to his self-report, it passed through the Sui and Tang (early) dynasties, and according to the events recorded in historical records, it passed through Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang dynasties.He lived for more than 100 years, and he is one of the few scholars and medical scientists in history who can enjoy his age. "Old Tang Book" said that he "studied at the age of seven, recited more than a thousand words a day, weak crown (20 years old) was good at talking about Zhuang, Lao and hundreds of schools of thought, and was also good at interpreting classics (Buddhist classics)". "New Book of Tang" said that he was "good at yin and yang, pushing steps (the study of astronomy and calendar), and medicine." Since he was 20 years old, he has devoted himself to practicing medicine, treating diseases for his neighbors and getting good results.Although knowledgeable, he was indifferent by nature. Emperors and ministers of the Sui and Tang dynasties appointed officials to confer titles several times, but he refused to accept them.

Sun Simiao's "Emergency Qianjin Yaofang" and "Qianjin Yifang" each have 30 volumes (referred to as "Qianjinfang"), which are the culmination of Chinese medicine before the Tang Dynasty.According to "New Book of Tang Yiwenzhi", Sun Simiao also has 20 volumes of "Qian Jin Sui Fang".His book is lost.The "Yi Fang Lei Ju" compiled by North Korea in 1445 extracted more than 100 kinds of medical books before the Yuan and Ming Dynasties in my country, among which 19 poems and 321 prescriptions of "Qian Jin Sui Fang" were included. The beginning of "A Thousand Golden Prescriptions" is medical ethics education, which is not prepared in other books.Its "Great Medicine Practice" chapter emphasizes that only with noble moral cultivation can one learn medical knowledge well. In the chapter "Great Physician Sincerity", "exquisiteness" means that doctors should strive for excellence in medical skills, and "sincerity" means noble medical ethics.It also made strict requirements on doctors from the three aspects of heart (heart to save suffering), body (serious demeanor), and law (correct medical style), which still has educational significance.

The feature of "Qian Jin Fang" in treating miscellaneous diseases is that the internal organs are the key link, and the five internal organs and the five internal organs are used to classify various diseases, which standardizes the classification of diseases.Some new disease names were proposed for the first time in the book, such as vitiligo, umbilical wind, tuberculosis, sarcoma, hot heart pain, palpitation heart pain, insect heart pain, qi gall [yingying], stone gall, pterygium [nunu] meat, etc., some of which are still in use today. .The discussion of specific diseases is also very detailed and accurate.Such as diabetes (diabetes): "There are three things to be cautious about: first, drinking alcohol, second, sexual intercourse, and third, salty food and noodles." ], if you don’t cherish yourself, you will die without hesitation.”

In terms of treatment, "Thousand Gold Prescriptions" advocates comprehensive treatment, which often concentrates various methods such as prescriptions, acupuncture, massage, diet therapy, and external treatment for one disease.In terms of medication, it is believed that it should be adapted to local conditions, "Jiangnan Mountains surface, its land is hot and humid, its skin is thin and crisp, interstitial veins are open and sparse, and the medication is light and easy; the land in Guanzhong and Hebei is hard and dry, its skin is hard, its interstitial veins are closed, and its medication is repeated. "

In terms of prescription science, "Qian Jin Fang" preserved a large number of ancient prescriptions, some of which were lost later, but we can find their contents in "Qian Jin Fang". Many prescriptions in "Qian Jin Fang" have good curative effect on certain diseases.For example, seaweed, insects, and animal thyroid glands are used to treat goiter (goiter); scopolamine is used to treat edema, ascites, and dysuria, etc.; animal liver is used to treat night blindness; betel nut is used to treat taeniasis. In terms of health preservation, "A Thousand Golden Prescriptions" integrates the great achievements of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, and combines it with my own experience in health preservation, which has been discussed earlier.

In short, "Thousand Gold Prescriptions" is very rich in content, including clinical sciences, methods, prescriptions, medicines, contraindications, and health preservation. It is of high academic value. It is an encyclopedia of clinical medicine and has made great contributions to the development of future generations of medicine in the direction of specialists. .Later generations commented that Sun Simiao was the first person after Zhang Zhongjing. Zhang Lu, a famous doctor in the Qing Dynasty, said: "Husband Changsha (Zhang Zhongjing) is the sage of medicine, and his legislation is a teacher for generations. Only Sun Zhenren (Sun Simiao) " "A Thousand Gold Prescriptions" can compete with the books of Zhongjing [xiehang Xiehang] up and down."

There are as many as 58 works signed by Sun Simiao in the historical records of the past dynasties, of which more than 40 are related to medicine. After textual research, more than 20 can be confirmed to be written by Sun Simiao, but most of them have not been handed down. Sun Simiao has a famous saying: "Bold desires are big but heart desires are small, wisdom desires roundness and actions desire squareness", that is to say, in the process of diagnosis and treatment, a doctor should not only dare to think and act, but also be cautious, think carefully, and not be reckless. ; Think about problems quickly, deal with things flexibly, and behave correctly.This has not only become the motto in the minds of doctors of all ages, but also very applicable to people from all walks of life in the society.