Chapter 13 Section 2 Medical Saint Zhang Ji

Zhang Ji, courtesy name Zhongjing, was born in Nieyang (now Nanyang, Henan Province) in Nanjun County of the Eastern Han Dynasty. There is no biography in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty.Some documents say that he was filial and honest when he was Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, and he was an official in Changsha (now Changsha City, Hunan Province) when he was Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty. He had political achievements, so he was called "Zhang Changsha".The medical names of Bian Que (from Qinyue) and Hua Tuo are well known among the people, but Zhang Zhongjing is the most respected doctor in the medical field.

According to "Taiping Yulan" records, when Zhongjing was young, He Yong [yong Yongshangsheng], a famous scholar from Jing and Yu, saw him and thought that he would be a good doctor in the future because he "uses the essence of thinking but the rhyme (demeanor) is not high".Zhongjing is well-read, especially good at medical skills. He once studied medicine from Zhang Bozu, a famous local doctor.The uncle was very famous for his good prescriptions, his insight into the pulse and syndrome, and his complete treatment of diseases.Zhang Zhongjing has his best biography.At that time, people believed that Zhang Zhongjing's medical knowledge and prescriptions surpassed that of his teacher.

Zhang Zhongjing once went to the capital and is quite famous as a doctor. "Preface to Jiayi Jing" describes the two cases, and believes that "Although Bian Que and Cang Gong (Chun Yuyi) can't do anything better." First, Jijiu Liu Jiyan suffered from an abnormal emotional disease, which was cured by Zhongjing's treatment.But the prophecy: nine years later, Ji Yan's illness will recur, and it still starts from emotion, and the illness will surely lead to death.Later, it really did what Zhongjing said.Second, Zhong Jing met Wang Zhongxuan, his servant, and said to him: "You are sick. Your eyebrows will fall off at the age of 40, and you will die after half a year of eyebrow fall." Let him take Wushi Tang to avoid illness.At that time, Wang Zhongxuan was only in his 20s. He thought his words were harsh and refused to take the medicine.Three days later, Zhongjing asked, "Have you taken the medicine?" Zhongxuan replied, "I have." Twenty years later, Wang Zhongxuan's eyebrows fell off, and he died half a year later.

In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were frequent wars, natural disasters and epidemics.More than 200 members of Zhang Zhongjing's family died in less than 10 years from the first year of Jian'an (AD 196), 2/3 of whom died of diseases, of which 7/10 died of typhoid fever.The typhoid fever mentioned in traditional Chinese medicine is different from that of Western medicine, that is, "Su Wen · Heat Theory" says: "People with husband's fever are all typhoid fever." It refers to a variety of exogenous febrile diseases.He was very angry at the social ethos that did not pay much attention to medicine at that time, but focused on fame, wealth and wealth, as well as the doctors' obedient, non-medical and sloppy medical style.So he diligently studied ancient medical books such as "Huangdi Neijing", "Nanjing", "Yinyang Dalun", "Tailu Yaolu", combined with the long-term accumulated experience of doctors at that time and himself, and wrote "Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases".However, due to the war and displacement, this medical masterpiece was lost soon.In the Jin Dynasty, the classics were collected, sorted out, and compiled into two books, "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" and "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber", which were preserved for later generations. "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" is a book dedicated to the treatment of acute febrile diseases. The book proposes 397 methods and 113 prescriptions. The six meridians of Ming, Taiyin, Shaoyin, and Jueyin are used as the outline of syndrome differentiation and treatment.It is believed that the diseases and syndromes of each meridian are closely related to the corresponding meridians and viscera, and their formation is related to the strength of righteousness and the depth of pathogenic factors.The transmission of typhoid fever is generally from the outside to the inside, from the sun to Shaoyang or Yangming, and after entering the three yin meridians, it turns into deficiency syndrome.The three yang and the three yin have their own meridian and visceral syndromes.Sanyang disease means that the body's resistance is still strong, the disease is hyperactive, and the disease syndrome is true.Three-yin disease means that the body's resistance is gradually weakened, the condition is weak, and the syndrome is weak.In addition to following the scriptures, there are also scriptures separated from the scriptures, and there may be "combined diseases" and "combined diseases".In terms of treatment methods, the book proposes the methods of sweating, reconciliation, clearing the interior, vomiting, purging, and warming the middle, which laid the foundation for the eight methods of treatment in later generations.Moreover, the book also discusses various treatment principles such as positive treatment, anti-treatment, specimen priority, external and internal priority.Therefore, later generations praised "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" as "the ancestor of all laws and the ancestor of all prescriptions". The prescriptions in "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" are rigorous in composition, precise and appropriate in use, and have outstanding curative effects, and are regarded as "classic prescriptions" by doctors.Its original prescription and original drug have been used until now, and the clinical effect is as good as drums if used properly.

"Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" is the earliest surviving monograph on the syndrome and treatment of miscellaneous diseases in my country, with 25 articles and 262 prescriptions.Syndrome differentiation of viscera and pathogenesis is adopted, and the dosage forms used include soup, pill, powder, wine, washing, smoking, sitting, etc., reflecting that the way of medicine in Han Dynasty was very comprehensive.In addition to internal medicine, the diseases also include gynecology and surgical diseases.The first article put forward the idea of ​​"preventive treatment of disease", the purpose is to prevent the disease from spreading.In terms of etiology, the theory of three causes of disease (ie, internal, external, and non-internal) was first proposed.

"Treatise on Febrile Diseases", "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber", "Huangdi Neijing" and "Nanjing" were regarded as medical classics by later generations, occupying a prominent position in the history of the development of Chinese medicine.Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, the influence of Zhang Zhongjing’s works has spread far and wide overseas. So far, many doctors in Japan have specialized in the study of "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" and "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber". research to expand its scope of application. Xu Shuwei, a famous doctor in the Song Dynasty, once said: "If you don't read Zhongjing's books, you will be a Confucian and don't know the Six Classics of Confucius." Zhang Zhongjing is in medicine, just like Kong Zhongni is in Confucianism, so doctors of all dynasties respect him as "medical sage".