Chapter 6 Section 4 Rich and effective treatment methods

The prescription for oral administration is to use the formula suitable for the disease, and take various dosage forms such as soup, pill, powder, ointment, wine, and medicated diet for oral administration.The ancients had a transitional period from a single medicine to a multi-taste medicine in treating diseases, and a formula refers to a compound prescription composed of a variety of medicines.It is impossible to examine in detail when the compound prescription started, but it will not be later than the Shang Dynasty.There is a saying in ancient literature that "Yiyin makes soup".Yi Yin was a slave who was married as a dowry when Tang married the Youxin family. He was good at taste, cooking, and medical science.He once used the theory of cooking to describe state affairs, and was appreciated by Tang, so he was promoted as a prime minister.Later, he became the founding father of Shang Mie Xia.Based on his skill and status analysis, it is very possible to create the theory of soup (modulation of water decoction).The oracle bone documents unearthed from the Yin and Shang Dynasties have a record of "Chang [chang] Qijiu".Chan is medicinal wine made from fragrant herbs.The obvious significance of the emergence of decoctions and wine preparations is to facilitate the use of compound prescriptions. .It shows that oral prescriptions have become a very important method for treating diseases in ancient times.After that, the position of oral prescriptions and medicines in traditional Chinese medicine for treating diseases has become more and more important.There will be a special chapter on the rich content and development process of Chinese Materia Medica and Formula.

Acupuncture and moxibustion is a unique means of treatment in my country, with a long history.Acupuncture and moxibustion are not a method of treatment. Why have acupuncture and moxibustion been compared since ancient times?This is because they have one thing in common, that is, they all follow the meridians and select acupoints for treatment according to the meridian theory. Needles are acupuncture, and needles were made of stone in ancient times.It is called "Bianstone". With the development of social productivity, needles are constantly improving, so bone needles, bamboo needles, and pottery needles have appeared successively.After the invention of metallurgy, needles had a breakthrough innovation. Copper needles, iron needles, silver needles, gold needles, etc. appeared. Needle tools, such as "Lingshu", record the shape characteristics and uses of "nine needles".

Moxibustion is to stimulate the warm heat of fire to act on a certain part to achieve the purpose of treatment.The ancients realized very early that "Chen AI", that is, the moxa that has been stored for a long time, is the best moxibustion material.Moxibustion has the functions of warming the meridians, dispelling cold and dehumidification.Dried mugwort leaves, pounded into fluff, sieved to remove impurities for later use.After moxa is ignited, it has the advantages of uniform firepower, not easy to spall, and not easy to extinguish.Moxa can be made into moxa sticks, moxa sticks for direct moxibustion, or a variety of partitioned moxibustion methods with ginger, garlic, and salt.

Acupuncture therapy is not limited to pain relief, like medicine, it can be applied to the treatment of various clinical subjects. .Although it is not credible that the book was published in three generations, it shows that there are monographs on acupuncture and moxibustion in the earliest medical books in our country.The "Moxibustion Classic of the Eleven Channels of the Foot and Arm" and "Moxibustion Classic of the Eleven Channels of Yin and Yang" unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha (versions A and B) are obviously works before the "Huangdi Neijing".His book focuses on moxibustion, regardless of acupuncture.According to statistics, the former discusses 78 kinds of main diseases; the latter has increased to 147 kinds.Up to "Internal Classics", the meridian theory is more complete, and the discussion of acupuncture and moxibustion still occupies a considerable proportion in the whole book.The above situation shows that the ancient treatment method has an evolution process of emphasizing moxibustion, acupuncture and moxibustion, and medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion.Before the publication of the "Nei Jing", our moxibustion therapy was already very rich and systematic.Famous doctors in ancient times generally possessed superb acupuncture and moxibustion techniques.Especially in the treatment of emergencies, acupuncture and moxibustion are the first choice.Some cases treated by Qin Yueren, Chun Yuyi, Hua Tuo and others in historical records all reflect this situation.

Acupuncture and moxibustion has become an independent specialty as early as the Tang Dynasty.The establishment of acupuncture and moxibustion specialists continued until the middle of the Qing Dynasty.After Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty, although the imperial court forced the imperial hospital to stop using acupuncture and moxibustion, it was still widely spread among the people.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, acupuncture and moxibustion has been valued by the state and vigorously promoted, and it has also had a far-reaching influence overseas. In ancient times, people had pain in a certain part of the body, and the pain would be relieved after being massaged by hands, so they would naturally use the same method to relieve the pain of others. This is the origin of primitive massage.In the future, with the theoretical guidance of the theory of meridians and viscera, it can be called massage therapy.Massage is also called "massage".

There are massage methods for treating obstructed urination. There are records in the "Nei Jing" that massage can treat diseases caused by blocked meridians.In "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber", Zhang Zhongjing introduced the massage first aid technique for "suicide by hanging": "Hold and untie slowly, do not cut the rope, and lie down on it. One person steps on his shoulders with his feet, and holds his hair with his hands. Do not stretch the string, one person presses the chest with his hands, and move it a few times. The other person rubs the arms and shins, bends and stretches it. If it is already stiff, but gradually bends it, and presses its abdomen. After cooking like this, the breath comes out from the mouth, Breathing eyes are open, but there is still no way to press and hold, and there is no hard work. For a while, you can give it with little cinnamon soup and porridge, so that the throat will be moistened, and it will gradually be able to swallow, and it will stop slightly. If you ask two people to blow it with a pipe Its two ears are well [deep], this method is the best, and everyone is alive." This is the earliest document about the very precious "artificial respiration" technique.It can be seen that massage can be applied to various clinical departments, but the most effective ones are health preservation, pediatrics and orthopedics.There are more than a dozen monographs on children's massage in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The monographs on health preservation and orthopedics in the past dynasties are inseparable from the introduction of massage techniques.Due to the reliable effect of massage therapy, the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology in my country has a good reputation overseas.

Our country has had massage specialist settings since the Tang Dynasty. There are more than 100 kinds of massage techniques.To sum up, there are massage-based ones, such as pressing, pressing, pointing, holding, etc.; some kneading-based ones, such as pushing, rubbing, rubbing, rubbing, etc.; ; There are those for the purpose of resetting, such as shaking, pulling, and extension.In addition, sometimes it is necessary to cooperate with the application of some equipment, such as the rehabilitation treatment of vertebral fractures. "Shi Yi De Xiao Fang" emphasizes that you can't use your hands to rectify and reset. You must use soft ropes to hang from your feet. The suspension makes the spine fully straight and the bones naturally return to their nests.For fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine, "Yong Lei Qian Fang" uses the "climbing towel and kicking poppy (ying ying) method": use a handkerchief to wrap under the chin, tie it behind the head, fasten the connecting rope, and tie the end of the rope to the house , let the patient sit on the big wine jar, kick the jar suddenly, and use the tension of the rope to reset the cervical spine.Both books originated in the Yuan Dynasty. After more than 600 years, the British proposed the "suspension reset method", which is considered to be a pioneering work in the history of traumatology.

Commonly used methods of external drug treatment include applying, fumigation, washing, ironing, blowing, and guiding.In ancient times, great importance was attached to external drug therapy, and it was the most important treatment method for surgeons and orthopedic surgeons in the Western Zhou Dynasty.During the Warring States Period, Bian Que (a native of Qinyue) saw that Marquis Qi Huan was ill, and asked him to receive treatment several times, but Marquis Qi refused. Later, when Marquis Qi Huan felt that he was sick and needed treatment, he was already incurable. .At that time, Bian Que said: "Diseases in the skin can be treated with soup and iron, but... in the bone marrow, there is no cure." It shows that the method of local hot compress of soup and iron has been used clinically at that time.When he rescued Prince Guo, he used comprehensive treatments such as acupuncture, moxibustion, and soup ironing, and received the therapeutic effect of "returning the dead to life".

In the medical books of the past dynasties, there are introductions of external medicine prescriptions.It is worth pointing out that Wu Shangxian, a famous doctor in the Qing Dynasty, mainly used external therapy to treat diseases, and the curative effect was quite good. He treated one or two hundred patients every day, and sometimes even three or four hundred.He talked about his experience of applying external treatment: "At the beginning, I didn't dare to say that external treatment would be effective. I tested thousands of people, and I realized that there is no special soup or medicine for plaster. If it is used properly, it will respond immediately." His The external treatment method mainly uses plaster application, cooperates the method such as point, twitching, fuming, rubbing, ironing, ironing.What's more valuable is that he systematically sorted out decades of experience in external treatment, and wrote the book "Li Yu [yue Yue] Parallel Essay", which made outstanding contributions to the external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.

From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the establishment of medical divisions in my country has the specialty of "Zhu Youke" (or "Forbidden Branch"). Zhu Youzhi originated from ancient witch doctors.According to legend, during the time of the Yellow Emperor, there were two ministers who were good at medicine. Uncle Qi used medicine to diagnose and treat diseases;Later, it was named after its surname, and it was called this healing technique.It can be seen that "Zhu You" is a kind of witch doctor's deception, which is the dross of feudal superstition.But why can it last for thousands of years, and for a long period of time, it exists in the palace health institutions at the same time as clinical departments?This is because ancient medical scientists discovered that it is possible to achieve certain therapeutic purposes by using language hints.Therefore, in ancient medical works, the reasonable content of Zhu Youshu was refined, its superstitious color was abandoned, and some treatment methods were recorded. "Lingshu·Zhoufeng" discusses the reason why the shaman Zhuyou cures diseases: Some people have experienced external evils but did not get sick, and later because of their emotions, they "had evil and admired", resulting in qi and blood rebellion. And cause disease.Because most people can't perceive the cause of the disease, they think it's ghosts and gods.The first shaman knew the cause of the disease and the way to eliminate the cause of the disease, so he only needed to use "I wish to explain the cause of the disease", that is, to describe the cause of the disease, and the disease can be cured without needles or medicine.Zhang Jingyue of the Ming Dynasty explained it more clearly in the "Classic of Classification". He said that Zhu You's cure is to "seek the cause of the disease, and release the ghost in the heart."Ancient medicine used "transfer essence and change qi" to summarize the basis of Zhuyou's treatment. "Transferring essence and changing qi" is to change the pathological state of qi and blood disorder through mental adjustment, which is equivalent to today's "psychotherapy".

"Liezi·Liming" records a story about a man named Ji Liang who was very ill.His son hired three doctors for him, among whom Dr. Lu explained the cause of the disease with only a few words, and the disease was cured without using needles or medicine.Dr. Lu adopted the typical method of "wish and explain the cause of the disease".We are very familiar with the story of Zhuge Liang treating Zhou Yu with the words "everything is ready, only the east wind is owed", which actually has medical basis. Psychotherapy is not limited to "wishes", as long as the purpose of "transferring essence and changing energy" is achieved, various methods can also be used. There is an example in "Lushi Chunqiu Zhizhong" that uses the doctor's abnormal behavior to treat the patient's mental disorder.The king of Qi was sick, so he went to the state of Song and invited Wen Zhi. After seeing the sick man, Wen Zhi said to the prince: "The king's illness must be provoked to get better, but he must kill me after he recovers!" He begged, "Your Majesty is recovering from illness, and my mother and I will intercede for you." The process of Wen Zhi's treatment is as follows: First, he made an appointment for a consultation, but missed the appointment three times, leaving Qi Wangkong to wait.Later, when he went there, he boarded King Qi's bed without taking off his shoes, and stepped on King Qi's clothes to inquire about his condition.King Qi held back his anger and ignored him. Instead, he further angered King Qi with words. King Qi finally stood up and scolded him furiously, but the symptoms disappeared unexpectedly.Although recovering from illness, the angry King Qi still "cooked" Wen Zhi.Why does it make people unhappy, but it can cure diseases?This needs to be explained by the relationship between "emotion and will win each other" and "five elements restriction" in traditional Chinese medicine. There are many examples of ancient doctors healing diseases with this kind of spiritual therapy.Sometimes they also cleverly use the superstitious psychology of patients to treat diseases. "Jingyue Quanshu" introduces a medical case of Han Shiliang: a woman became ill because of missing her deceased mother, and all treatments were ineffective.Han believes that illness comes from "thinking", and the disease can only be cured by "controlling thinking with anger" (wood overcomes soil).So he bribed a witch and taught him the secret.When the patient asked the witch about the situation of the dead mother, the witch imitated her mother's voice and scolded the patient, saying: "I was overwhelmed by you! Although life is a mother and daughter, death is an enemy! Now I curse you every day under the nine springs." , so your illness will never be cured!" The sick woman was very angry when she heard this, and her illness has gradually recovered since then.Doctors use medical theory to guide the treatment of diseases, which is obviously different from deceitful witchcraft.Ancient physicians have always abided by the precepts of the "Neijing": "Those who are bound by ghosts and gods should not be virtuous." We now see from medical practice that the objective law of emotional change is not as mechanical as the theory of mutual victory of emotion and will, and in practice, psychotherapy should be run through all kinds of treatment methods from beginning to end.However, our ancestors attached great importance to psychotherapy thousands of years ago, and formed relevant systematic theories in the Qin and Han Dynasties, which is very valuable.

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