Chapter 7 Section 2 The Famous Legend of the Tang Dynasty

Jiang Fang's "Huo Xiaoyu Biography" is a famous tragedy describing love in Tang legends, and Hu Yinglin of the Ming Dynasty praised it as "the most exciting and moving legend of the Tang people" ("Shaoshi Shanfang Brush Cong").Jiang Fang, courtesy name Ziwei (Yizuo Zizheng), was born in Yixing (now Yixing, Jiangsu).Appreciated by Li Shen, he successively served as You Supplement, Zi Youbu Que Chong Hanlin Bachelor, Jia Si Feng Yuanwai Lang, Jia Zhi Zhi Gao.Later, he was squeezed out by Li Fengji, demoted to Tingzhou governor, changed to Lianzhou governor, and then transferred to Yuanzhou governor.Died in the Yamato period.Tang Xianzu, a drama master in the Ming Dynasty, once adapted "Huo Xiaoyu's Biography" into "The Story of the Purple Xiao", and later adapted it into "The Story of the Purple Hairpin".The outline of the novel is roughly as follows: Li Yi, a Jinshi, and Huo Xiaoyu, a prostitute from Chang'an, fell in love and swore to each other like glue.Later Li Yi became an official and married another famous family, leaving Xiaoyu alone.Xiaoyu became ill from worry.Huangshanhaoshi took Li Yi to her home.Xiaoyu stood up with all her strength, reprimanded the ungrateful person, and died with hatred.After she died, she turned into a fierce ghost, causing Li Yi and his wife to doubt each other, and their family had no peace.Huo Xiaoyu's tragedy has profound social significance.The superficial cause of the tragedy is Li Yi's fickleness and ignorance, and the deep cause of the tragedy is the feudal system of marriage and family status.Society always puts the family's political and economic interests first, and the wishes and feelings of both men and women are of no importance.Huo Xiaoyu intellectually realized that the disparity in family status between the two parties makes it difficult to get married.He expected that once Li Yi became an official, he might abandon himself.The so-called vows of eternal love will probably become empty talk.However, emotionally, it is difficult for her to let go of her affection for Li Yi.She sincerely begged Li Yi to live with her for eight years.After eight years, Li Yi can hire another high school.However, the pure and infatuated Huo Xiaoyu did not expect that as soon as Li Yi returned home, under the pressure of his strict mother, he would marry a lady from a famous family for his fame and future.The description of Li Yi in the novel is very measured.Li Yi fell in love with Huo Xiaoyu at the beginning, mainly because of her beauty.It's not that Li Yi is without a little sincerity when the two are prepared for each other.Later, Li Yi betrayed his heart and married Lu Shi. In addition to his cold and selfish character, cowardice and weakness, and consideration for his own career, there was also the objective reason of family pressure.After Xiaoyu's death, Li Yi put on mourning clothes and wept day and night, which shows that he has not completely forgotten his old love.This kind of sense of proportion in character description helps to deepen readers' understanding of the roots of tragedy.This famous legendary story about "The Infatuated Woman's Heartbroken Man" did not adopt the common happy reunion cliché in later novels and operas, but chose a ruthless tragedy as the heroine's ending.

Among Tang legends, Yuan Zhen's work has the greatest influence on later operas.Yuan Zhen, whose name is Weizhi, is not Weiming.Luoyang (now Henan) people.Poverty in early life.During the Zhenyuan period, Ming Jing was promoted to the first place, and the book was awarded to the outstanding department.Served as a supervisory censor.He was demoted for offending the powerful and eunuchs.Later, he attached himself to the eunuch, and the official went to Tong Zhongshu's door to make peace.In the end, he died violently at the Jiedu Envoy Office of the Wuchang Army.The novel is about the mutiny of soldiers in Puzhou, and Zhang Sheng borrowed the power of his friends to protect Cui's mother and daughter.Cui's mother was sincerely grateful and hosted a banquet in honor of Zhang Sheng.Zhang Sheng met Yingying at the banquet.With the help of Yingying's servant girl and matchmaker, after several twists and turns, Zhang Sheng and Yingying finally got married in private.Soon, Zhang Sheng went to Beijing to take the exam.Later, Zhang Sheng abandoned Cui Yingying.Yingying married someone else.Finally, Zhang Sheng passed by Cui's house and asked to meet as a brother and sister, but Cui Yingying firmly refused.The hero and heroine of this novel are portrayed very successfully.Yingying is dignified and demure, beautiful and docile, charming and charming.The strict mother's supervision and the shackles of ethics prevented her from revealing her desire for love.In the process of fighting for love and happiness, she is so cautious and full of worries.She doesn't show her face in front of her old mother, and she has to be wary of her close maid, Hong Niang.She looks deep and unsmiling, but her inner world is rich and warm.She wholeheartedly yearned for blazing love, but when love came to her, she couldn't bravely admit it and welcome it.However, Cui Yingying finally overcame her inherent hesitation and shyness, and fell into the arms of her lover.Cui Yingying is weak after all, without the help of the matchmaker, her love has no hope of success.She reluctantly accepted the ending of being abandoned, and swallowed the cup of bitter wine brewed by herself.The image of Zhang Sheng is also successful.Zhang Sheng is a talented young man.Fate sent such a lovely girl as Cui Yingying in front of him, which ignited the flame of first love in his heart.However, the calculation of gains and losses finally buried his initial feelings.In love, Zhang Sheng has no shortage of passionate feelings, and will also perform various romantic and infatuated behaviors.However, at the same time, he has a playful, lustful, and feminine side.He abandoned Yingying and falsely accused Yingying of being a "monster" "beauty", which fully exposed his cruelty and selfishness.The author affirms the ending of this kind of chaos and abandonment, and praises Zhang Sheng's choice, which has become a serious flaw in the novel's thinking.

Although this story ends with chaos and abandonment, after all, it writes a relatively equal and independent love.Regardless of the family status of the two parties, no time to consider the amount of property, and forgetting the will of the parents, each is attracted by the other's appearance, demeanor, and talent.This kind of love is undoubtedly very attractive to young people who blindly obey "the orders of their parents" and "the words of the matchmaker".Although this is a combination of talent and beauty, talent and beauty, it is already a huge improvement compared to the marriage of power, family status, and money.

The prototype of Zhang Sheng is the author Yuan Zhen himself.Yuan Zhen wrote this novel based on an unsuccessful love experience before marriage.According to Mr. Chen Yinke's textual research, Yingying was not a lady from a noble family, but a prostitute or a woman from the Han nationality who misled a noble family like Huo Xiaoyu.It is precisely because Yingying is not the daughter of a famous family that she can get the understanding of the upper class society.In the upper class of the Tang Dynasty, "everyone who marries but does not marry a famous woman, and who is an official but not a respectable official, is despised by the society" (Chen Yinke: "Yuanbai Poems and Notes Documents · Reading "Yingying Biography"").Yuan Zhen does not shy away from writing straight books, and this is the reason.

Bai Xingjian's "Li Wa Biography" is another famous love story in the legend of Tang Dynasty.Bai Xingjian, the word knows to retreat.A native of Xiayu, Huazhou (now northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi).The younger brother of Bai Juyi.At the end of the Zhenyuan period, he was a Jinshi, a calendar officer Zuo Suyi, a gatekeeper Wai Lang, and a guest doctor. The biography of "Old Tang Book" states that it "has a brotherly style in writing, especially precise in diction and Fu, and all scholars learn from it".The content of the novel is: the son of Duke Xingyang is in love with Li Wa, a famous prostitute in Chang'an.A year later, the son's money was squandered and exhausted.The madam and Li Wa conspired to get rid of the young master.The young master was reduced to a murderous place (funeral parlor) and became an elegiac singer. He was in a very embarrassing situation.The young master sang the dirge, melted into his own sorrow, the song was perfect, no one in Chang'an could compare to him.It happened that the Duke of Xingyang was going to Beijing, and the servants went out to the streets, recognized the young master, and invited him home.The Duke of Xingyang hated him for humiliating his family, so he flogged him several times to death.The son was thrown into a desperate situation again.Just when the son was on the verge of death, he was accidentally discovered by Li Wa.Li Wa felt ashamed, regretful, sad and distressed when she saw the dying and unrecognizable young master in the wind and snow.She redeemed herself and rented a house to live with the son.Under the careful care of Li Wa, the son gradually recovered.Li Wa encouraged and urged the young master to study hard and seek fame.The son finally became famous.Li Wa felt that her family background was very different, so she asked for a divorce.The son couldn't bear to break up with him.Duke Xingyang and his son resumed their father-son relationship and recognized Li Wa as his daughter-in-law.The son has been promoted many times, and his official career is prosperous.Li Wa was also named Mrs. Qian [Qianqian].

The relationship between Li Wa and Young Master Xingyang is a love relationship between a prostitute and a scholar.There are factors of talent and beauty, mutual admiration, and the exchange of money and beauty.As a prostitute, Li Wa has no lack of true feelings. Although she has feelings, she is a prostitute after all, so she can cooperate with the madam and skillfully get rid of the son who has run out of money.When riches and honors are coming, Li Wa is able to retire with success, showing the calmness and sobriety of a prostitute.The son's tragic situation awakened her sympathy, restored her normal feelings for her lover, and made her go beyond the calculation of gains and losses to save a helpless son.Li Wa noticed the family gap between her and the son, and had no illusions about becoming an official's wife.She is not as innocent as Huo Xiaoyu, and she doesn't even mention the requirement of maintaining a married life for eight years.Emotionally, she is much more detached than Huo Xiaoyu.In her character, reason and emotion occupy an equally important position.Li Wa helped the son embark on the "right path" of the intellectuals at that time, and won the recognition and praise of the feudal parents with his "contribution" to the feudal family.The compromise in the ending reflects the compromise in the author's mind.The beautiful woman helped the talented man "title on the gold list", so that the feudal parents agreed to the "bridal chamber flower candle" of the talented man and beautiful woman.

The plot of this novel is very twists and turns without artificiality, unexpected but reasonable.The young master is smart and intelligent, but has little experience and no worldly knowledge, so there is a turning point of being deceived and abandoned by others.The son was down and out but someone took him in, he was taken in but he became sick from worry, and when he got seriously ill he was able to turn the corner into peace.These include the pity of the innkeeper and the sympathy of the murderers.The wonderful interlude of the fierce competition song played a role of relaxation in the plot.The process of the song competition itself is also written with many twists and turns.The young master is a poor elegist, although his status is humble, he has also won a moment of peace.Unexpectedly, Duke Xingyang's whipping almost cost him his life.This is another turning point in the son's fate.Li Wa's taking in the son became the third turning point in the son's fate.This is how fate pushes the young master to the peak for a while, and throws him to the bottom for a while. The reader's heart also fluctuates with the rise and fall of the protagonist's fate.This novel pays great attention to portraying the character of the characters through detailed description.When the young master met Li Wa for the first time, he "stopped for a long time without realizing it, and couldn't go away".In order to delay the time, I took another look at Li Wa, "It's a trick to drop the whip to the ground, and those who wait for their followers will take it by order."This detail shows his adaptability, and also shows that he is still different from the general dissolute and shameless playboys.When the young master knocked on the door to ask for an interview, the servant did not answer the young master's knowing question ("Who is the first?"), but rushed in and reported to Li Wa: "It's the old master!" The servant was surprised and happy , which just shows Li Wa's mentality of paying attention to, never forgetting, and looking forward to the son.When Li Wa saw the young master who was "withered, scabbed and scabrous, almost inhuman" in the wind and snow, he "hugged his neck in front of him, hugged him with an embroidered jacket, and returned to the west chamber. He lost his voice and said with a long lament: "As soon as your son arrives here, I will be here." It’s a crime!’” This series of words and actions vividly portrayed Li Wa’s excitement of grief and joy, remorse and self-blame.

Zhiguai of the Six Dynasties is often just a rough outline, but it has given great inspiration to later novels in terms of plot design and imagination.Chen Xuanyou's "Leaving Soul" was obviously inspired by ghosts such as "You Ming Lu·Pang A" and "Linggua Lu·Zheng Sheng". The plot of "Leaving the Soul" is relatively simple. It is about Zhang Yi once promised to betroth his daughter Qianniang to his nephew Wang Zhou, and Qianniang and Wang Zhou have long admired each other.Later, Zhang Yi reneged on his promise and promised Qianniang to someone else.After Qianniang heard about it, she became ill from depression.After Wang Zhou heard the news of Zhang Yi's change of mind, he went to Sichuan angrily, pretending to go to Beijing.On the way, "Qianniang" elopes and expresses her sincere feelings.Overjoyed, Wang Zhou went to Sichuan with "Qianniang".The two lived together for five years and had two sons. "Qianniang" missed her parents, and Wang Zhou accompanied her home.When they got home, "Qianniang" stayed on the boat, and Wang Zhou went home first to report.Zhang Yi was very surprised when he heard the news, because his daughter Qianniang had been sick at home.It turned out that it was the soul of Qianniang who went to Sichuan with Wang Zhou.Two "Qianniang" merged into one.

The story of leaving the soul has long existed. "Youminglu Pang'a" tells that a woman falls in love with a married man, and her soul often goes to find the person she likes. "Ghost Records Zheng Sheng" describes a deceased old lady who wants to marry her granddaughter to Zheng Sheng. She first turns the soul of her granddaughter into a human body to marry Zheng Sheng.Later, when the granddaughter returned to her natal home, "the two daughters suddenly merged and became one."These two tales of Zhiguai both have plots of leaving their souls, but they have not been dug deep enough to integrate more social content, and people go as they please, without the personalities of the characters, and without rich and well-thought-out plots, so their influence cannot be achieved. Compared with "Leaving Soul" which came from behind. "Leaving the Soul" has a positive theme, which reflects the passionate and active pursuit of free love by young men and women, and praises their actions for marriage autonomy.The full text of this novel is only about 500 words, but the author writes the story in a turbulent and fascinating way.Zhang Yi's change of mind makes the combination of Qianniang and Wang Zhou hopeless, who knows that Qianniang will elope again.We came to Sichuan together, and our wish has been fulfilled. Unexpectedly, Qianniang felt homesick again and wanted to go home to visit her parents.How to elope and go away, how the daughter who had a son and a daughter abroad for five years to see her parents is naturally a matter of concern for readers. When I return home, I find that "Qianniang" who has lived together for five years is actually the soul of Qianniang.There are so many twists and turns in such a short space, we cannot help admiring its ingenious conception.Before Wang Zhou entered the story, the readers were still in the dark.The plot itself is also quite ordinary.However, once the truth is revealed, those ordinary descriptions immediately revealed extraordinary meanings.The romantic light beam at the end immediately illuminates the whole story.The image of Qianniang and the theme of the novel have all been sublimated in the plot of "Leaving the Soul".The sincerity, the golden stone, the deep-seated lovesickness, actually turned the soul into a human body, and turned the impossible into a "reality". How powerful is the power of love! The structure of "Leaving the Soul" is very strict. When "Qianniang" elopes and follows Wang Zhou, the author does not point out whether Qianniang is a human being or a soul.Later, Zhang Yi added the key plot of "Qianniang's illness has been in her boudoir for several years".So, the truth came out and the truth came out.At the end, it is written that the two "Qianniang" overlap, and "her clothes are heavy" is a wonderful stroke of the author's patch. The "soul" coincides with the person, and the clothes also coincide.Two sets of clothes become one set of clothes. This is certainly a surreal imagination, but the "soul" seems to be invisible and does not need to be worn, so "the clothes are all heavy" is "reasonable".

"The Legend of the Curly Beard Guest" is a representative novel of heroes in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that this novel has been edited by Du Guangting, and the original author is no longer available.The background of the story is arranged in the turbulent end of the Sui Dynasty.The work describes three characters almost in parallel: Li Jing, Hong Fu, and the bearded man.Later generations called them "Three Heroes in the Wind and Dust".The structure of this novel is rather special. The clues it narrates are neither the fate of a certain character nor the whole story of a certain event.The author cuts in from a cross-section of life, starting with the secondary character Yang Su, and uses Yang Su to bring Li Jing and Hong Fu together.The mysterious bearded guest is drawn out by Li Jing and Hong Fu flying together.This structure breaks away from the mode of historical biography and is similar to some modern novels.The meeting of the three heroes in the hotel is the highlight of this story.But when the author writes it, he lifts the weight lightly and effortlessly.After entering the door, the curly bearded guest did not announce his name, and lay on his back to watch Hongfu wash up.Li Jing was deeply irritated by the bearded man's perverse and rude behavior, but he didn't attack it for a while.Li Jing himself was a hunted target, and he couldn't do it carelessly.Hong Fu didn't panic in the face of this sudden and complicated situation. She hinted Li Jing not to act recklessly with hand gestures, while carefully observing the visitor and thinking about how to deal with it.She calmly combed her hair, and skillfully chatted with the bearded guest, using the same surname as an excuse, and became brother and sister with the guest of unknown origin.The tense atmosphere gradually eased.With Hong Fu's help, the guard between Li Jing and the bearded guest gradually disappeared.The three sat in a circle and drank together, becoming confidants.At this point in the novel, the focus of the narrative has shifted from Li Jing and Hong Fu to the bearded guest.The curly bearded man originally wanted to be king, but because he heard of Taiyuan's strange energy, he came here to look for him.After visiting Li Shimin twice, the bearded guest was overwhelmed by Li Shimin's "spiritedness".When he believed that Li Shimin was the "true man" born at the right time, he gave up his previous ambitions and went overseas to seek another development.Before leaving, he donated all his family wealth to Li Jing, and confessed to Li Jing his background, original aspirations, future whereabouts and plans.In the tenth year of Zhenguan (636 A.D.), the bearded man led his troops to capture the Fuyu Kingdom and proclaimed himself king.

Li Jing was born in a poor and humble family, but he was imposing and ambitious.When he visited the powerful officials, he was neither humble nor overbearing, and accused Yang Su face-to-face that "he must focus on recruiting heroes, and it is not appropriate to meet guests."Hong Fu descended from the sky, and Li Jing asked her, "Yang Sikong weighs the capital, how is it?" It can be seen that he is cautious and thorough in handling things.The bearded guest was quite rude when he entered the door, Li Jing watched the situation quietly and did not attack immediately.This is a hero who hides his emotions, is careful in dealing with things, and is decisive and resolute. Hong Fu is a rather peculiar woman.She is in the midst of the beauty, but she can look at the poor and humble Li Jing.In Hong Fu's eyes, the powerful and arrogant Sikong Yang Su is nothing more than a walking corpse, "a corpse dwelling in the remaining breath".She actually disguised herself as a man and ran away to Li Jing alone in the middle of the night, and it can be concluded that Yang Su would not seriously pursue her.The scene in the inn fully demonstrated her intelligence, generosity and strong adaptability. The appearance of the bearded guest in the novel is very sudden.His appearance suddenly tightened the strings.Until Qiubeard went overseas, readers were still vague about his origin and intention.The author intentionally casts a layer of mystery on the bearded man.The confession at the end allows us to see his true face clearly.As a result, his previous mysterious and weird actions were explained one by one, and his bold, magnanimous and knowledgeable character was fully displayed. The author of this novel is Li Gongzuo, a famous legendary writer in Tang Dynasty.Li Gongzuo, courtesy name Zhuan Meng.A native of Longxi (now Longxi, Gansu).The year of birth and death is unknown.The main activities were in Zhenyuan, Yuanhe years.He was promoted as a Jinshi and once worked in Jiangxi.In addition to this chapter, there are still three legends, including "Biography of Xie Xiaoe", "Gu Yue Du Jing" and "Biography of Lujiang Feng Yu".The author uses Chunyu Fen (fenfen)'s Nanke Yimeng in Dahuai'an State to satirize the bureaucrats who have no talent and no morals and use nepotism to climb to high positions, and explain the truth that extreme joy begets sorrow, prosperity and decline, life is like a dream, and wealth is impermanent.Chunyu Fen was addicted to alcohol, misbehaved, had a rich family, and made friends with wealthy customers. He was a lieutenant general in the army, but was expelled because of drinking and offending his superiors.The author has a sarcastic attitude towards him, but there is no excessive description in the article.Chunyu Fen had a dream in a daze.In the dream, he seemed to be led into an ant nest under the big locust tree.Unexpectedly, there is a hole in the sky inside.This prodigal son was unexpectedly recruited as a son-in-law.Because of the recommendation of the princess, he became the prefect of Nanke.Chunyu Fen enjoyed almost all the happiness that ordinary people could imagine: gold and jade, silk and silk, chariots and horses, servants and concubines, beautiful wives, power and fame.His children took shelter and gained fame, "Men are appointed by the shadow of their families, and women are also hired by the royal family."After the princess died, his status was gradually shaken.Suspicions arose and slanders grew day by day, Chunyu Fen finally fell out of favor and was "invited" by the king to leave the country and return to the human world.Only then did he realize that the so-called "Great Huai Anguo" is actually just an ant nest under the ancient Huai Huai tree.Those 20 years of prosperity and wealth were nothing but a dream. There are many dreams written in ancient novels, especially in Zhiguai and legends.There are many reasons for this.The ancients did not have modern scientific knowledge, and they could not explain the causes and mechanisms of dreams.In their minds, dreaming is a mysterious phenomenon.Things in dreams are often surreal, yet maintain a certain connection with reality.For writers, there are many hallucinations and imaginations in dreams, and the constraints of the outside world are weakened, which can accommodate plots and characters that cannot be produced in reality, and give creation a vast space for imagination.The scenes in dreams are certainly illusory, but the wishes reflected through the twists and turns of dreams are not illusory.Therefore, the form of dreams also reflects the joys and sorrows of real life, and may reflect more vividly.Predecessors have long had the idea that life is like a dream, and that riches and honor are impermanent. However, it was not until Li Gongzuo of Tang Dynasty's "Nanke Taishou Biography" and Shen Jiji's that they turned this idea into two vivid, A rich story. "Nanke Yimeng" and "Huangliang Sweet Dream" have also become common idioms.In the history of Chinese novels, there are many works about dreams, but there are only a handful of such successful works as "The Legend of Nanke Taishou".The author has incorporated quite rich and profound social content into Chunyu Fen's dreams.The "Dahuai Anguo" in the dream is actually the epitome of the feudal dynasty in the world.The nepotism in the ant country, the intrigue in the officialdom, and the sinister politics are all the same as those in the human world.The author makes full use of the characteristics of the reality and illusion in the dream, and the indistinguishability between the real and the real, and writes a confusing artistic realm. Ancient novelists have long understood the principle of exaggerating where the theme and the character of the characters are highlighted.In "The Legend of the Prefect of Nanke", the author wrote the lively and festive scenes when Chunyu Fen entered the family and became the prefect of Nanke, and tried his best to exaggerate the luxurious ostentation.At the end of the novel, it also writes about his desolation and depression after losing power.Through this sharp contrast between before and after, it denies fame and wealth, and satirizes those who are keen on wealth and wealth. During Yuanhe period (806-820 A.D.), Chen Hong, Wang Zhifu and Bai Juyi met in Chang'an.When it comes to Tianbao's legacy, I can't help but sigh with emotion.Bai Juyi wrote a long narrative song line, and Chen Hong wrote a legendary novel "Song of Everlasting Sorrow".Chen Hong, courtesy name Daliang, was born in Zhenyuan, Yuanhejian.He used to be the guest doctor of Shangshu.Longer than history.30 volumes of "Da Tong Ji" were revised.In addition to this chapter, there is still a "biography of the old father in Dongcheng".Only "The Biography of the Old Father in Dongcheng" narrates Yingchuan and Chen Hongzu asked Jia Chang about the chaos in Kaiyuan. In the text, he calls himself "Hongzu" everywhere, and "Quan Tangwen" includes Chen Hongzu's writings, so people today also think that "The Biography of the Old Father in Dongcheng" was written by Chen Hongzu .The novel writes that during the Kaiyuan period, singing and dancing were peaceful, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was indulging in sensuality, Concubine Yang was incomparably doted on, and uncles, Kun and younger brothers were among the nobles.The sister is the wife of the country, and the prince of the rich.At the end of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, calling for the Yang family to be punished.Xuanzong rushed to Shu in a hurry, and when he reached Mawei, the Sixth Army lingered and asked to kill the Yang brothers and sisters.Xuanzong had no choice but to allow the Sixth Army to hang the imperial concubine to death.After the rebellion subsided, Xuanzong returned to the capital, missing the imperial concubine very much.There is a Taoist priest from Sichuan who speaks of his skills.The Taoist priest was ordered to look for the noble concubine, and finally visited the Yang family in Xianshan, as evidenced by the gold alloy hairpin given by Xuanzong and the secret oath of Qixi Festival.After the envoy played back, Xuanzong was even more sad, and soon passed away.This biography is written based on historical facts and folklore.The author is not without complaints about Xuanzong's indulgence in sensuality and appointment of traitors, and he also speaks frankly about Xuanzong's taking Yang Concubine from his son Shouwang's mansion.But the discussion at the end of the article returned to the old tune of "the theory of women's disaster".The author tries his best to exaggerate the relationship between Li and Yang, full of praise and sympathy.This kind of description undoubtedly beautifies the images of Li and Yang, but it contradicts the previous description of female seductiveness and wronging the country.However, the praise of Li and Yang's love entrusts the people's ideal of healthy love, and embodies people's nostalgia and regret for the prosperous Tang Dynasty.The story of Xuanzong and Concubine Yang was a popular subject created by literati at that time. Most of the works on this subject reflect the complexity of ideological tendencies to varying degrees.Chen Hong's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" is just one example.This situation has always affected a series of drama works adapted by later generations. The story of Xuanzong and the noble concubine presents a touching and tragic color.The kind of unforgettable, life-and-death love is sympathetic.However, Mawei's life and death were forged by the tragic hero himself.The special identities of the two protagonists connect this love with a great tragedy of the times.The tragedy of this era serves as the background of the love affair between Li and Yang, which strengthens the moving power of the work. Chen Hong's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" and Bai Juyi's have been complementing each other, and have become enduring materials in later poems, novels and operas.Song Renyue Shi collected "Minghuang Miscellaneous Records", "Kaitian Chuanxin Ji", "An Lushan Deeds", "Youyang Miscellaneous Zu" and Chen Hong's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", and wrote it into the second volume of "Yang Taizhen Gaiden". The legends and anecdotes of Li and Yang's story are exhaustive.In terms of rap art, there is Zhugongdiao "Tianbao Legacy" written by Wang Bocheng of Yuan Dynasty, which tells the story of Li and Yang.In terms of opera, there are many works.The most influential ones are the zaju "Tang Minghuang's Autumn Night Parasol Rain" by Bai Pu of the Yuan Dynasty, and the legend of Hong Sheng of the Qing Dynasty. The story can be found in "Taiping Guangji" compiled by Li Fang and others in the Song Dynasty.The author Li Chaowei, his life is unknown.The content of the work is that during the Yifeng period of the Tang Dynasty (AD 676-678), Liu Yi, a failed scholar, passed by Jingyang and met a beautiful and sad shepherdess.After questioning, it was found out that the shepherdess was the youngest daughter of the Dragon King of Dongting, and her parents married the second son of the Dragon King of Jingchuan.The dragon girl was abused by her husband and in-laws, and she was punished to herd sheep by the side of the road.Out of righteous indignation and sympathy, Liu Yi promised Longnu to send a letter to her father.Liu Yi did not avoid danger, came to the Dragon Palace, met the Dragon Lord in Dongting, and told about the pain of the Dragon Girl.Lord Long wept sadly and lamented for a long time.Dragon Girl's uncle, Lord Qiantang, has a violent temper and extraordinary bravery. When he heard that his niece was wronged, he immediately flew to Jingyang, ate Jingchuan's second son, and rescued his niece.Lord Qiantang was very grateful to Liu Yi and liked his character, so he forced him to marry Longnu.Liu Yi passed on the letter, which was based on selfless intentions, and he was dissatisfied with Lord Qiantang's power over others, so he sternly refused and walked away.But at the time of parting, seeing that the dragon girl has the intention of attachment, I can't help but feel sad.After Liu Yi returned home, he lost his wife twice, and married a woman surnamed Lu for the third time, who turned out to be Dongting Dragon Girl.Later, Liu Yi and Longnv moved to Dongting Fairy Palace and lived forever. The joys and sorrows of Liu Yi and Longnv are written in twists and turns, with bizarre twists and turns.After the book was passed on, the dragon girl was rescued, and the Dragon Palace banquet was full of laughter, and the story seemed to be coming to an end.Unexpectedly, the Qiantang Lord threatened and Liu Yi sternly refused the marriage.After Liu Yi refused to marry, his chances of marrying Longnv seemed to be lost. Who would have thought that after losing his wife twice, he married Longnv who had become Lu's.After Liu Yi married his wife Lu, the author still refused to reveal the truth immediately.Liu Yi felt that Mrs. Lu was very similar to a dragon girl, so he talked to her about the transmission of scriptures in Dongting back then, but Mrs. Lu said that such things would never happen in the world.It wasn't until after giving birth to a full moon that Lu Shi explained to Liu Yi that she was the Dragon Girl of Dongting.Liu Yi's chivalrous behavior fully embodies his benevolent, upright, and courageous character.Liu Yi's refusal to marry further reveals his original intention of being anxious for others and his temperament of not fearing violence.What happened to the Dragon Girl reflects the humble and humiliating status of women in feudal society.The promise of the dragon girl with her body was tinged with the color of repaying the favor, which made the combination of Liu Yi and the dragon girl show the limitations of the times.Mr. Qiantang's portrayal was also quite successful.When he appeared on the stage, he rendered it vividly and vividly: "Before he finished speaking, he suddenly uttered a loud voice, the sky and the earth cracked, the palace was shaken, and the clouds and smoke surged. In Russia, there is a red dragon more than a thousand feet long, with electric eyes and bloody tongue, vermilion scales and fire mane, and a dragon with red scales and fire mane. Pulling the golden lock, locking and holding the jade pillar, thousands of thunders and thunders surround him, and the hail, snow, rain and hail fall all at once, and they fly away in the blue sky." The reason why he was so angry was because he was "inspired by his heart" and saved people. Eager.But after seeing Liu Yi, he "received each other with all the courtesy" and apologized for "disturbing the palace and disobeying the guests" just now.After receiving serious accusations from Liu Yi, he was able to admit that he was "sparse in his words, arrogant and brilliant", and that he "returned to the feast and enjoyed it as before".Mr. Qiantang's bravery, recklessness, frankness and straightforwardness are vividly portrayed in sharp conflicts and dramatic scenes. "Liu Yi Biography" has a far-reaching influence. Shang Zhongxian's Zaju "Liu Yi Biography", the Ming Dynasty Huang Shuozhong's "Long Xiao Ji" legend, and Qing Dynasty Li Yu's "Mirage (shen Shen) Zhonglou" are all based on this. based on.People in recent times have also adapted it into Peking Opera and Yue Opera "Dragon Girl Shepherd".As for the allusions in poetry and novels, there are too many to enumerate. The author is Shen Yazhi.Shen Yazhi, styled Xiaxian.Wu Xing (now Huzhou, Zhejiang) people.In the tenth year of Yuanhe (815 A.D.), Jinshi.This article can be found in Volume 2 of his Collected Works of Shen Xiaxian.In the novel, Zheng Sheng met an orphan girl by chance, and sympathy gave birth to love and sympathy, and he recited poems and got along with each other for several years.The orphan girl was originally the daughter of Jiaogong in central Hunan, she was relegated to the world due to some incidents, but after her relegation period expired, she begged to leave and revealed the truth.When parting, the two were inseparable. More than 10 years later, Zheng Sheng climbed to the Yueyang Tower, missing the old love and feeling melancholy.Sincerely felt, the orphan girl appeared in the distance above the painting, singing and dancing, "with frowns and bitter resentment".Suddenly, "the wind and waves collapsed and angered, and he lost his place." This article describes the love between man and God in a hazy, mysterious, sentimental and beautiful way, full of poetic romance.The author has no intention of infiltrating more social content in the novel, but pursues the artistic conception of poetry in the novel.At the same time, the author has also noticed the characteristics of the novel, and there are many hints about the identity of Xiangnv: she and Zheng Sheng met for the first time under the Luoqiao Bridge; what she likes to recite are "Nine Songs", " "Nine Debates" are poems that are closely related to Xiangshui;The joys and sorrows of Xiangnv and Zheng Sheng are also explained in detail.The Zaju "Zheng Sheng Yu Long Nv Bo Mei" in the Song Dynasty is perfunctory about this matter. Seen in Volume 1 of "Xuanguailu". "Xuanguailu" is a collection of legendary novels written by Niu Sengru in Tang Dynasty.Niu Sengru, the word thinks darkly.A native of Anding Quailgu (now Lingtai, Gansu).Zhenyuan Jinshi.When Mu Zong was tired of officials, he went to the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs to work with him.During Jingzong's time, he served as the military governor of Wuchang.During Wenzong's time, he was also the Minister of the Ministry of War and Tong Pingzhang.He is the leader of the Niu faction in the Niu-Li party struggle.The outline of the story is as follows: Du Zichun is idle, his family property is gone, and he is disgusted by relatives.An old man in Chang'an City gave him huge sums of money twice, but he squandered them all.The last time, the old man subsidized him 30 million. Du Zichun finally revived his family business and went to Huashan Yuntai Peak as scheduled.The old man turned out to be a Taoist priest, so he asked Du Zichun to guard the medicine stove and warned him not to speak no matter what the situation was.After the Taoist priest left, great generals, poisonous snakes and ferocious beasts, thunder and lightning, and wind and rain came to threaten one after another, "Zichun just sat there and ignored it."When the general came back, he confronted Zichun and tortured Zichun's wife.The wife "curses and curses" and "disregards at the end of the spring".The general beheaded Zichun and sent him to hell, where he suffered all kinds of poisonous torture. Zichun "remembered the words of Taoist priests, and it seemed tolerable, but he didn't groan."The king of hell ordered Zichun to turn into a female body, "but her mouth is silent, and her eyes are dumb girls." She grew up and married, and gave birth to a boy.The husband was so angry that he didn't say a word, and threw the child to death. "Zichun's love is born in his heart, but he suddenly forgets his promise", unconsciously lost his voice. "The sound of oohing has not ceased, and the body is sitting in the same place", and the medicine furnace is destroyed.The Taoist blamed him for failing, and lamented that immortals are rare.Zichun returns home, filled with guilt and regret.Hou Zichun went back to search for it, but couldn't, and "returned with regret". The story comes from the legend of the martyr pool in India, which can be found in Volume 7 of "Da Tang Western Regions".In Indian legends, it is intended to show that "love" is "magic". "Du Zichun Biography" inherits this theme, but adapts it into a Taoist story.At the end, the Taoist's words "my son's heart, joy, anger, sorrow, fear, and evil desires can all be forgotten; what is not perfect is just love", which is really the finishing touch of the whole text.The author intends to explain that the worldly desire for love is the biggest obstacle to Taoism, but the objective description of the novel is that love in the world has overcome the way of the world.From this novel, we can also see the process of Sinicization of Indian Buddhist stories. "Du Zichun Biography" retains the main plot of the legend of the martyr pool, but the martyr pool has become a medicine furnace, and the characters have become Chinese Taoist priests and Chinese prodigal sons.The plot becomes very twists and turns, and the portrayal of various trials is doubly detailed.Parent-child love surpasses husband-wife love, which is another embodiment of Confucian ethics. "Du Zichun Biography" had a great influence on later novels and dramas.Xue Yusi's "Hedong Ji·Xiao Dongxuan" and Pei Cheng's "Legend·Wei Zidong" were obviously inspired by it.This article was adapted into a story-telling novel "Du Zichun's Three Entry into Chang'an", which was compiled into Volume 37.The legend "Guangling Immortal" by Hu Jiezhi of the Qing Dynasty and the legend "Yangzhou Dream" by Yue Duan were also based on this.