Chapter 6 The second court music and dance

"Da Xia", "Da Sui" and "Da Wu" are court music and dances of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.The Zhou Dynasty combined these music and dances with the three music and dances of "Yunmen", "Xianchi" and "Xiaoshao" in the Yao and Shun era before the Xia Dynasty into six, called "The Music of the Six Dynasties". "Great Summer" is a work that praises Dayu's deeds of leading the tribal people to control the water.Because the wind instrument 籥 is used as the main accompaniment instrument, it is also called "Xia 籥". The word "籥" is written in oracle bone inscriptions as ", which is considered to be a kind of ancient panpipe. This instrument was unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in the Warring States Period (Figure 11). "Lu Shi Chunqiu Zhongxia Ji Ancient Music Chapter" It records the content and production process of "Great Xia": After King Yuli, he worked diligently to govern the world and worked tirelessly day and night. 〕Using different rivers to divert the water of the three rivers and five lakes, let it flow into the sea smoothly, so that the water conservancy conditions for agricultural production are guaranteed; ", to promote and praise its merits in governing the country. The so-called "Jiucheng" means that the music and songs performed in "Great Summer" are divided into nine sections. Wearing a fur cap, white plain clothes, and bare upper body, it can be seen that its music and songs have a simple and rough artistic style.

"Da Sui" is a work praising the achievements of the king of the Shang Dynasty, Cheng Tang, also known as "Hui".In the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty, "濩" was originally a witchcraft activity in which music and dance were used to sacrifice ancestors. Later, Zhou and Qin literature began to refer to the music and dance performed in such witchcraft activities as "濩乐".According to the records of "Zhou Li Da Si Yue", "Luo Yue" belongs to the category of "Da Wu". Its performance is solemn, grand in form and magnificent in music. It can be called the master of music and dance in the Shang Dynasty, so it is called "Da Lui" .

"Da Wu" is a work praising the king of Zhou Dynasty, King Wu, who defeated Zhou and won victory.During the performance, the dance is divided into six scenes and the music is divided into six chapters, that is, there are six sections of music.The first section symbolizes King Wu leading troops to go out to war, singing the song "I will"; the second section symbolizes the end of the Shang Dynasty, singing the song "Wu"; the third section symbolizes the crusade against the southern kingdom, singing "lai [lai lai] The fourth section symbolizes the subjugation of the southern kingdom, and the song "Pan" is sung; the fifth section symbolizes the King of Zhou's conquest of the Quartet, and the song "Zhuo" is sung;The above six songs have all been included in the "Zhou Song" later.

The rulers of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and nobles emphasized the role of "music education" in music.In the Zhou Dynasty, the court had a music official named "Da Si Yue" who was in charge of the highest music education institution. "Governance and Founding of the School of Politics")'s political role.In order to accomplish this mission, Da Si Le took major measures to train students called "Guozi" ("Guozi" means the children of princes and ministers) by learning music and dancing, so that they can play in "Lede", The three aspects of "music language" and "music dance" have been improved, and they will become the pillars of the country in the future. "Music and morality" is the cultivation of character and morality developed by learning music and dance; "music language" is the language and cultural knowledge acquired by learning music and dance; "music and dance" is the performance skills of music and dance mastered by learning music and dance.The content of music and dance learned by the sons of the country includes the aforementioned "Six Generations of Music", which is a classic textbook; followed by various small music and dances of different styles called "Xiao Wu".

Another function of "Six Generations of Joy" is to worship the gods and ancestors of heaven and earth.According to the regulations of the Zhou Dynasty, "Cloud Gate" is performed when offering sacrifices to gods; . The direct creators of court music and dance during the slave society were slave musicians and lower-level musicians. Although the above-mentioned music and dance have been imprinted with the thoughts of the ruling class in terms of content structure and use occasions, as early court music art with a strong sense of primitive religion, They are still inextricably linked with folk music, and they still shine with the simple and magnificent brilliance of folk music art in terms of artistic characteristics and artistic style.