Chapter 5 Chapter Two: The Era of Bells and Chimes

Compiled in the Spring and Autumn Period, there are 305 articles in total.Later, people rounded it up and referred to it as "Three Hundred Poems". According to legend, it was compiled and deleted by Confucius, including "Feng", "Ya" and "Song", most of which can be sung with musical accompaniment. song work. "Historical Records" recalled: "Confucius sang three hundred and five poems with strings." "Mozi Gongmeng Pian" also said: "Three hundred poems are recited, three hundred poems are stringed, and three hundred poems are sung."Today there are only words, and music is no longer audible, but from the content and structure of each work, we can still understand the rich folk music life of that era, as well as the general characteristics of poetry and music and the general situation of singing.

Most of "Wind" are songs that reflect the local customs and features, among which there are many close-ups of folk music life: In Zheng Guo (now Xinzheng, Henan), every March on the day of Shangsi (the third day of March), young men and women meet to go out During the spring outing, on both sides of the Qin (zhenzhen) and Wei (weiwei) waters, they sang songs, played and laughed with each other, and gave each other peony flowers ("Zheng Feng · Qin Wei") when they parted; Eastern and western Anhui), every Gu (gu Gu) day (a beautiful and auspicious day), young men and women who meet in the market happily gather together to sing and dance, and connect with each other by giving tokens ("Chen "Feng·dongmen Zhifeng"); in Bei [beibei] country (now southeast of Tangyin, Henan), a man sang a love song called: "Quiet woman Qi Luan [luan Luan] 〕, give me a pipe." It reflects a girl who carefully made a colorful bamboo wind instrument and gave it to her lover as a souvenir, because the man is a good player in playing this bamboo wind instrument.They formed a sincere friendship through music.These close-ups of folk music life depict in many ways that after the ancient ancestors entered the slave society, the customs of marriage and love in the primitive society still remained the legacy of "choosing a spouse with songs" and "making love with music".The following song "Zheng Feng·萚 [tuo] Xi" expresses this legacy more concretely:

original poem Most of "Ya" are sacrifices, ceremonial ballads and song and dance songs, which contain rich music sacrificial content. Many poems in "Xiaoya" are banquet etiquette songs, such as "Luming", "Nanshan Youtai", "Yu Li", "Nanyou Jiayu", etc. are all wine etiquette songs sung when entertaining guests. Most of the "Songs" are sacrificial songs, which mostly reflect the content of offering music to gods and ancestors in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. "Shimai" is a song sung when hunting and offering sacrifices to heaven and earth; "噫嘻" and "Zaixiang [shanshan]" are songs sung to worship gods in the farming season for a good harvest; "Zhi Jing" and "Na" are songs sung when offering sacrifices to the ancestors and using music and dance to delight the ancestor gods.

There are many ancient musical instruments involved in the chapter, according to statistics, there are 29 kinds.The first libretto of "Guanju" "Qinse Youzhi" and "Zhongguyuezhi" mentioned that there are many kinds of musical instruments played when men and women communicate; 〕”, reflecting the prevalence of witchcraft in Chen State, and the witches beat drums and fou excitedly when performing dances; , bell, chime, chime, etc.; "Lingtai" and "You Gu" are also sacrificial songs, and new musical instruments are involved in the singing: tao (tao) drum, drum, yong (yongyong), ying drum, jian drum, 柷〔 chu livestock), 敔 〔yuyu〕, flute, pipe, etc.These musical instruments with different performances and shapes are assembled into a colorful group portrait of ancient national musical instruments, which reflects the distinctive folk characteristics and outstanding practical functions of instrumental music in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties from different aspects.There is a picture (partial) of feasting guests playing music on the inlaid banquet pot unearthed in Baihuatan, Chengdu, Sichuan. It shows the vivid scenes of playing chime bells, chime chimes, sheng, drums and other musical instruments during banquets by courts or nobles in the Warring States Period. (Figure 10).