Chapter 14 Section 5 The Teaching System

In the Tang Dynasty, how to govern Islam probably did not become a social issue.The "Fanfang" in the Song Dynasty is also hardly an organization that simply manages Islam.The central government of the Yuan Dynasty once set up an institution to manage Islamic affairs - "Huihui Zhangjiao Ha's Institute".But the institution didn't last long.As far as mosques are concerned, most of them were private buildings in the Song Dynasty; in the Yuan Dynasty there were imperial-built mosques; in the Ming Dynasty, the number of mosques built by imperial order undoubtedly became more government-run.That is to say, the government's administrative management of Islam in China has been strengthened.In the Ming Dynasty, the imams (officially called abbots or abbots as they were called at the time) of some major mosques were appointed by the government.During the Qing Dynasty, the management system of various Islamic temples in China gradually improved.

As I said before, the distribution of Islam in China is regional; it has never won a central government; and it has never become the master of most Chinese people's spiritual life.It is for this reason that the Chinese Islamic temple system is not the same or even very different in different eras and regions.Here is just a brief introduction to Ge Mu and the management of the main eunuchs in the late Qing Dynasty. This is a kind of temple system of grid wood.Usually a mosque is the center, including the surrounding Muslim residents, forming a religious workshop.This church is the religious organization unit in this area.The scope and the number of households are very inconsistent. The large ones can reach one or two hundred households, while the small ones are only a few dozen households.The workshops are not affiliated with each other.The management of the teaching workshop implements the "three-head teaching system".Three teachers are set up in the mosque: the head teacher, the Zanjiao and the missionary teaching.The imam is responsible for religious activities such as chanting, leading worship, and matters related to religious affairs. He is the highest person in charge of the mosque.Zanjiao assists the dean, can preach the doctrine on behalf of the dean, and is in charge of persuasion.Missionaries are responsible for calling the congregation to worship.Larger mosques can also hire several imams.The three masters were initially elected and hired by the congregation, and later appointed by the government and became hereditary.Around the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the head teachers of some mosques had been hereditary.On top of the three teachers, there are "Xuedong" and "Villagers" who are in charge of the affairs of the village.Xuedong is generally held by upper-class believers, and the village elders are their assistants.They control the three leaders and are the actual power holders of the teaching workshops and monasteries.

This is a hierarchical management temple system implemented by the eunuchs.The leader of the door official exercised strict control over the teaching workshop to which he belonged.He divided all the teaching workshops into several areas, and each area has a different number of teaching workshops.The leader sent his own agent - "Reyes" to each district.Reyes manages his own jurisdiction on behalf of the leader.Reyes is responsible to the leader.Later, some Reyisi became "princes along the way" and developed into independent tribes.Some hot clothes are passed down from generation to generation and become hereditary.

This is a temple system that appeared in China's Islam in the early 20th century. "Haiyi Temple" is the central temple in a wide area, or it is called the big temple or the head temple.The other mosques in this area are called "Shaoma Temple", that is, small temples.A Haiyi Temple generally governs a dozen or dozens of Shaoma Temples.The small temples belong to the central temple.The head teacher of Shaoma Temple was appointed by Haiyi Temple.Gathering ceremonies, assembly ceremonies and other major religious activities must be held in Haiyi Temple.Haiyi Temple has the right to interpret the "Shari'ah" and handle civil disputes.

This is the temple system practiced by Chinese Islam in some areas.The highest person in charge of Yifang is "Ha Zui" (that is, a different translation of "Ha's").There are "three chiefs" under Haji: "Imam" (teacher), responsible for preaching scriptures; bye.Ha Zui is also known as the "General Head Teacher" or "Prime Minister Head Teacher".His duty is to supervise the implementation of religious laws and religious ceremonies, and is also the chief judge of the religious court.In areas such as Xunhua in Qinghai, the Hazui system was combined with the chieftain system, and the chieftain generally served as the Hazui concurrently.As a result, Hazui's electoral system became a hereditary system.

This is a system used by the Qing government to manage Islam in China.Regarding the township restriction system, it has already been described before, so I won't repeat it here.