Chapter 27 Section 3 Tang Stone Classics and Shu Stone Classics

The ages of these two Stone Classics are not far apart, and the originals are related, so they are introduced together. Tang Stone Classics are commonly known as "Kaicheng Stone Classics".It was carved in the seventh year of Emperor Wenzong of Tang Dynasty (833 AD) and completed in the second year of Emperor Wenzong Kaicheng (837 AD).This stone scripture was published by Zheng Qin at the suggestion of Wenzong. "Old Book of Tang Zheng Qin Biography" says: (April of the fourth year of Wenzong Dahe) worshiped the minister of the Ministry of Industry.Qin was good at Confucian classics, and he kept the integrity of the ancients, especially the emperor.Qin Congrong said: "The classics are inaccurate, and doctors have followed them, so it is difficult to correct them. Please call on the Confucianism and Austrian School to collate the six books, and to confirm the stories of the later Han Dynasty. Let the stone be used in Taixue, and set an example for the eternal generation, so as to correct its deficiencies." Follow it.

Tang Shijing engraved "Book of Changes", "Shangshu", "Mao Poems", "Zhouli", "Yili", "Book of Rites", "Chunqiu Zuoshi Biography", "Gongyang Biography" and "Guliang Biography" Nine "big classics" (also called "nine classics"), plus three "small classics" such as "filial piety", "Erya", a total of 12 kinds of scriptures (also called "twelve classics") .In addition, Zhang Shen's "Five Classics" and Tang Xuandu's "Nine Classics" are also engraved as the writing standards for candidates.

The stone scriptures were established in Taixue in Chang'an, with a total of 227 stone steles. The authors of the book include Ai Juhui, Chen Jie, etc. The scripts are all in regular script except for the titles of the scriptures in official script.It has been completely preserved in the Xi'an Forest of Steles Museum. Tang Shijing is also called "Yongshi Jing", "Yong" refers to Yongzhou, which is one of the ancient "Kyushu", including today's Shaanxi and Gansu.Chang'an is within the scope of ancient Yongzhou, so it is called. However, the Tang Shijing in Xi'an came to the Qing Dynasty and successively published seven more chapters of "Mencius" and two chapters of "University" and "The Doctrine of the Mean".It was added by the Qing Dynasty people in order to make up the number of "Thirteen Classics" and "Four Books", not the original Tang Shijing.In fact, "Mencius" was not included in the classics in the Tang Dynasty, and there were no "Thirteen Classics" and "Four Books" in the Tang Dynasty.However, the two chapters of "University" and "Doctrine of the Mean" are already engraved in "Book of Rites", and they are completely repetitive.Therefore, mending scriptures in the Qing Dynasty was simply superfluous and superfluous.In this regard, the predecessors have criticized.Wang Chang of the Qing Dynasty said in "Jin Shi Cui Bian":

If there is no "Mencius" in the Twelve Classics, the book "Mencius" in the Tang Dynasty is on the same level as other scholars, and cannot be listed in the number of major and minor classics.Therefore, Lu Deming's "Classic Interpretation" has Lao Zhuang and left "Mencius".This moment is also an example.When Jia Han returned to governor of Shaanxi in this dynasty, he engraved seven chapters of "Mencius".The text is sparse and mediocre, and it is hard to distinguish, and the use of toilets to enter the Twelve Classics of the Tang Dynasty has not examined the system at that time.

Shu Stone Classics are commonly known as "Guangzheng Stone Classics".During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the engraving began in the first year of Guangzheng (AD 938), the queen master of Shu (Meng Chang), and was finally completed in the sixth year of Song Huizong Xuanhe (AD 1124) after the unification of the Song Dynasty. It lasted 186 years.Shi Jing stands in Chengdu Academy.Therefore, later generations called it "Chengdu Stone Classic" or "Yidu Stone Classic", and also called "Mengshu Stone Classic" or "Houshu Stone Classic".

The Shu Stone Classic was presided over by Wu Zhaoyi, the Prime Minister of Shu. "Spring and Autumn of the Ten Kingdoms" recorded this matter and said: Wu Zhaoyi, a native of Longmen in Hezhong, worshiped Zuo Servant and shot Tong Zhongshu when he was the master.He is good at collecting books, is fond of ancient prose, and is proficient in classics.Taste the old Nine Classics of Yongdu, order Zhang Dezhao and others to write it, and engrave it on the stone in Chengdu Xuegong. The "Old Version of Yongdu" mentioned here refers to the Tang Stone Classic.In other words, the Shu Stone Classic was published according to the Tang Stone Classic.However, it is not the same as Tang Shijing.The biggest difference is that Tang Shijing only engraves scriptures, while Shu Shijing also engraves annotations.Therefore, it can be generally said that the Shu Stone Classic is an expanded version of the Tang Stone Classic.Those who wrote alchemy include Zhang Dezhao, Yang Jun, Sun Fengji and many others.

The Shu Stone Classic was engraved before the unification of the Song Dynasty, "Erya", "The Book of Filial Piety" and "Book of Changes", "Mao Shi", "Shang Shu", "Zhou Li", "Yi Li", "Book of Rites", and The first 17 volumes of "Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan".After entering the Song Dynasty, in the first year of Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (1049 A.D.), 30 volumes of "Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan" were engraved, and the second biography of "Gongyang" and "Guliang" were published.By the time of Huizong, "Mencius" had been promoted to the classics, so in the fifth year of Xuanhe (1123 A.D.), local officials in Sichuan re-engraved "Mencius" in the Shu stone classics, and the engraving was completed the next year. One more time.There are more than a thousand steles.In fact, the people of the Song Dynasty imitated the "Jiayou Stone Classic" of the Northern Song Dynasty and engraved "Mencius" on the Shu Stone Classic, just as the Qing people engraved "Mencius" on the Tang Stone Classic.

The Shu Stone Classic was basically intact in the Southern Song Dynasty, but it was destroyed in the chaos of the Mongolian army entering Sichuan in the early Yuan Dynasty. When Chengdu demolished the southern city in 1941, two remnants of Shu stone scriptures were unearthed, one is "Shang Shu" and the other is "Mao Shi", both of which are now stored in the Sichuan Provincial Museum in Chengdu.