Chapter 32 Section 1 Unification of the Northeast

The Aixinjueluo family that established the Qing Dynasty was a branch of the Jurchen tribe in the Northeast and belonged to the Jianzhouwei branch of the Ming Dynasty.In the first year of Yongle (1403 A.D.), the Ming Dynasty set up Jianzhou Guard in Yilan County, Heilongjiang. In the tenth year of Yongle, Jianzhou Zuowei was established. For the governor and the right governor.Jianzhou Wei and Jianzhou Zuowei migrated several times, and finally moved to the Suzi River Basin, a tributary of the Hun River in Liaoning.In the seventh year of Zhengtong (AD 1442), the Ming Dynasty added Jianzhou Right Guard, which together with Jianzhou Guard and Jianzhou Zuo Guard was called Jianzhou Three Guards.

In the third year of Wanli (AD 1575) and the eleventh year, the Ming Dynasty twice attacked Jianzhou Right Guard Commander Wang Gao (Gao Gan) and his son Atai, Nurhachi's grandfather, Jianzhou Left Guard Commander Mingchang ( Jue Chang'an) and his father, Jianzhou Zuowei Commander Ta Shi (Takeshi) both acted as the guides of Li Chengliang's army, the commander-in-chief of the Ming Dynasty. .To express comfort, Nurhachi was appointed as the commander of Jianzhou Zuowei Capital.In the same year, Nurhachi raised troops to attack Nikan Wailan, the leader of the Sukesu Hu tribe who had assisted the Ming army, to avenge his father and ancestors.In the following 11 years, Nurhaci successively captured or recruited the Dong'e tribe in the Hunhe River Basin and the Tongjiajiang River Basin, the Zhechen tribe in the upper reaches of the Hun River, the Wanyan tribe in the upper reaches of the Hada River, the Yalu River tribe, and the Zhusheli tribe at the northern foot of Changbai Mountain. And Ne Yin Department.By 1593 (the 21st year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Nurhaci had unified the Jurchen ministries in Jianzhou.Then, Nurhachi began to attack the four Hulun tribes of the Haixi Jurchen. In 1598 (the 26th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty), he conquered the Anchu Laku Road and began to manage the tribes of the East China Sea. In 1616 (the forty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Nurhachi proclaimed Khan in Hetuala (to the east of Xinbin County, Liaoning today), established the Kingdom of Jin, and was known as Houjin in history.Soon he conquered the Yehe tribe in the Yehe River Basin, so all the four Hulun tribes belonged to Houjin.Three years after Jin Tianming (1618 A.D., the forty-sixth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty), Nurhachi rebelled against the Ming Dynasty and defeated the Ming army one after another.After that, Hou Jin not only continued to capture the strongholds of the Ming Dynasty outside Shanhaiguan, but also crossed the Great Wall many times, threatening Beijing, and even attacked near Xuzhou in the south.In the ninth year of Mandate of Heaven, the Horqin tribe of Mongolia surrendered to Houjin.In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635 A.D., the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), Hou Jin sent troops to destroy the rest of Chahar, Mongolia.In the first year of Chongde (1636 A.D.), Huang Taiji ascended the throne and changed the name of the country to Qing.Then conquered the tribes of Sauron and completely annexed the tribes of the East China Sea.By the eighth year of Chongde (AD 1643), the territory of the Qing Dynasty had expanded to the north of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, including present-day Inner Mongolia, the three northeastern provinces and Russia north to the north of the Outer Khingan Mountains, from Lake Baikal in the west to Sakhalin Island in the east ( Sakhalin) area.