Chapter 20 Chapter 6 Evolution and innovation of modern dictionaries and dictionaries

"Chinese Dictionary" is a dictionary with the most single characters after "Kangxi Dictionary" and before "Chinese Dictionary" was published. It is the product of the transition period from traditional Chinese characters to modern language dictionaries and dictionaries.Its emergence marks that the compilation of dictionaries in our country has entered a new period. Compilation of "The Great Chinese Dictionary" The "Chinese Great Dictionary" was compiled by Lu Feikui and others, with thirty or forty participants.Lu Feikui (AD 1886-1941), courtesy name Bohong and also courtesy name Shaocang, was born in Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province. He founded Zhonghua Book Company in Shanghai in 1912 and served successively as director, general manager, and director of the editorial office.Presided over the compilation of "New School System Textbook" and "New National Education Textbook", which had a great influence.He is the author of five volumes of "Educational Culture".

Lu Feikui pointed out in the "Preface" to "The Great Chinese Dictionary" that "Kangxi Dictionary" has four major shortcomings: the explanation is not detailed and accurate; there are many errors; examine.It is precisely to correct the mistakes of the "Kangxi Dictionary", fill in gaps, improve the style, and expand the scope of characters, so the "Chinese Dictionary" was compiled to replace the traditional calligraphy to meet the needs of the continuously developing society. The "Chinese Dictionary" was compiled from the first year of Xuantong in the late Qing Dynasty (AD 1909) to 1914. It lasted six years and was published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1915; it was republished by Zhonghua Book Company in 1958 and divided into two volumes.

Features of "The Great Chinese Dictionary" (1) Collected characters The "Chinese Dictionary" has a total of more than 48,200 characters, which is more than 1,000 characters more than the "Kangxi Dictionary".For all the characters missed in "Kangxi Dictionary", "Chinese Dictionary" will try to make up for them.In addition to inheriting the original vocabulary of "Kangxi Dictionary", it also includes characters that were not included in "Kangxi Dictionary" but were already widely used at that time, including modern dialect characters and new translated characters, such as newly created Chinese characters related to Western science and technology , such as "iridium", "nickel" and so on.The book also collects ancient, 籀, provincial, or, vulgar, and false styles, but the sound, meaning, and evidence are the two that prevail.It also includes rare words and strange words that cannot be found in general dictionaries.

(2) The phonetic notation adopts the Fanqie of "Ji Yun", and the straight phonetic notes are added, and the rhyme is indicated according to the 106 rhymes of "Pei Wen Yun Fu".Only one Fanqie is used for each sound, and each Fanqie is only listed under one prefix, as many pronunciations as there are in a word, as many prefixes are listed, and Fanqie is marked below each. For the characters not collected in "Ji Yun", the sounds of "Guang Yun" or other rhyme books and word books are used, and the sounds of Ye Yun are not recorded.This is more practical than juxtaposing several Fanqie with one sound in the "Kangxi Dictionary".

(3) Interpretation Under each single word, explain the meaning of the word by item. Each item only has one meaning, and only one documentary evidence is listed. Generally, the title of the article is indicated; , concise and clear.He pioneered the method of using numbers to mark the order of meaning items in Chinese dictionaries, which was mostly used in later Chinese dictionaries.The arrangement of the meaning items of each single character generally lists the original meaning first, followed by the extended meaning and the borrowed meaning.Under some single characters, compound words or names of things composed of this character are also explained, such as under the word "wei", "weiwei", "weiyan", "differential" and "microorganisms" are explained.This makes the "Chinese Dictionary" begin to have the function of a modern language dictionary.In addition, diagrams are inserted in the book to help interpretation.

In the interpretation, the "Chinese Dictionary" collected the sayings of Duan Yucai, Gui Fu, Wang Niansun and others in the Qing Dynasty, and used the research results of textual exegesis of the Qianjia School to correct more than 2,000 errors in the "Kangxi Dictionary". (4) The "Chinese Dictionary" still uses the radicals of "Kangxi Dictionary", which is divided into 214 parts, Zichou Yinmao and other 12 episodes, but the arrangement order of some radicals is slightly adjusted.The radicals with the same strokes are arranged together if they are related.For example: "Hands, hair, heart, and claws are the same as objects" and lined up together; "Ru, Ba, Er, Ji are close in shape" and lined up together.The characters under the same radical are ordered according to the number of strokes, with fewer strokes first and more behind; for characters with the same shape but different sounds and meanings, separate entries are listed next to the original character; Only list one word. The innovation in the arrangement of the "Chinese Dictionary" breaks through the tradition of using the shape of characters as the outline of calligraphy books, and begins to examine Chinese characters from the combination of sound and meaning.

In addition, there is also a "Qieyun Finger Palm Map" in front of the "Chinese Dictionary", explaining the categories of Fanqie rhymes; at the end of the book is a stroke index for easy retrieval. The "Chinese Dictionary" is the first dictionary that has been innovated in my country since the "Kangxi Dictionary" was popular for more than 200 years. It occupies an important position in the history of Chinese dictionary development. It is a large dictionary that inherits the past and ushers in the future. , has been reprinted many times after liberation.However, there are many shortcomings, the main ones are: some words have too many meanings, which make it difficult for ordinary people to distinguish; a large number of documentary evidences are listed without new explanations; wrong old theories are used without corrections; interpretations and citations Sometimes it is inconsistent; some cited books do not list the title and volume.