Chapter 17 The third section "Peiwen Yunfu" - a collection of ancient poems, songs and rhymes

Among the ancient dictionaries, there is a category of dictionaries that collect words, couplets, allusions, and anecdotes in ancient books. The purpose is for people to use them to rhyme couplets, choose words, and find out allusions when reciting poems and composing Fu.The "Pei Wen Yun Fu" compiled by the Qing people belongs to this type of dictionary. "Pei Wen Yun Fu" was edited by Zhang Yushu and others in the 43rd year of Kangxi (AD 1704), and it was published in the 50th year of Kangxi (AD 1711).In the fifty-fifth year of Kangxi (AD 1716), the compilation of "Yunfu Supplements" was continued, and it was completed in the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi (AD 1720). "Peiwen" is the name of the emperor's study in the Qing Dynasty.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Yin Shifu compiled "Yunfu Qunyu" with 106 rhymes, and Ling Zhilong compiled "Wuche Yunrui" in Ming Dynasty. A large number of allusions and words are divided under each rhyme. Based on the original materials of these two books, "Pei Wen Yun Fu" was compiled by examining and correcting errors, adding omissions, extensively collecting classics and greatly expanding them, and imitating their styles. The whole book "Peiwen Yunfu" is firstly divided into four tones of level (also divided into upper level and lower level), and each tone is divided into 106 rhyme divisions of Pingshui poetry rhymes, and each part contains words with the same rhyme.The arrangement of each single character is in order according to the degree of difficulty of the characters, the common characters that are easy to recognize are placed first, and the rare characters that are difficult to recognize are listed last.Each word should be phonetically cut first, and then quote the book certificate, or first explain the meaning and then quote the book certificate.Fanqieyi "Guangyun".A large number of words are included under each word, and the ending characters of the words must be the same as the words.These terms fall into three categories:

The first category is "Rhyme Zao", which includes words with two syllables, three syllables and four syllables respectively.The next part is divided into two parts, the first part is the words extracted from "Yunfu Qunyu" and "Wuche Yunrui"; the second part is the newly added words, marked with the word "Zeng" at the beginning.Sometimes the former part is vacant, and only the latter part is directly marked with the words "Yunzao Zeng".These words, including words, phrases, allusions, and idioms, are arranged in ascending order according to the number of words.The source of the words is generally indicated, and some are also annotated or explained.

The second category is "dialogues", which are pairs of words that are opposite to each other, including dual words with two syllables, three syllables and four syllables respectively. The third category is "Extracted Sentences", which are five-character to seven-character lines that the author considers to be typical.Now take the first character "Dong" in Volume 1 "Shangping Sheng, Yidong Yun" as an example: Red cut in East Germany, also in spring. "Hanshu": Shaoyang is on one side; one, it moves.Since the sun is in the wood, I know it. "Book of Rites": Daming was born in one.Another surname.Tao Qian's "Supplementary Records of Sages and Sages": Shunyou-Buzi.

[Rhyme Zao] Nandong's "Poetry": - its mu.Li Xiaoxian's poem: The rest belongs to Lao Xi Yizhi——.Shao Baoshi: Chu Fan resisted for days——.Zidong's "Poetry": I'm coming——.Also: from the west——.In Dong's "Poetry": (Insect Belt) (Insect East)——.Su Shi's poem: I say my age——.Kudong's "Poetry": From the West——.Also: Driving words——. ... Jian Yu [chan Chan] Dong's "Book·Luo Gao": I predict - Shuidong, - Shuixi, but Luoshi; I also predict - Shuidong, but also Luoshi.Shou Yangdong's "Poetry": Picking fennel and picking fennel, one of them.

... Su Xi Shi Dong "Warring States Policy": Qi has a daughter, and the two families seek her.His mother said to her daughter: If you want to live in the east, you will favor the left; if you want to live in the west, you will favor the right.His daughter took two sides and said: "I want to eat at the east house and stay at the west house."The east family is rich but ugly, while the west family is poor but beautiful.There is a writer Dong "Han Shu Yin Weng Gui Zhuan": Tian Yannian was the guard of Hedong, traveled from county to Pingyang, and called the old officials to order——, there is a warrior to the west.Read dozens of people.Weng Gui was independent and neutral, saying: Weng Gui has both civil and military skills, but only the facilities.

[Addition] Zhendong's "Yi": -, - Fang Ye. "Hanshu": The earthquake in the east is spring and wood. "Zhu Zi": ——Daixi.Li Dong's "Fuxi Eight Diagrams": dry south Kun north, - Kanxi.Shidong's "Easy Discernment and Final Preparation": The glory of brilliance is the keynote of dryness; the kind of condensation, Kun holds its prescription.The male and female 呿 (ququ) are close, and the six joints are shaken; My Dong's "Poetry": - When the day returns, my heart is sad.Note: It is said that I have been traveling eastward for a long time, and I have suffered from rain on the way home. Because I was chasing the words when I returned from the east, my heart was already westward and I was sad.Ma Daishi: Welcome to Yunshan——. ... Che Budong's "Poetry": The fur of the fox is furry, the bandit---.

... [Couple] Weibei, Jiangdong Rixia, Tiandong Hanoi, Jidong...Beishan North, Donggu East Jisai North, Fengcheng East Bed and Down, House West East... [Excerpt] Powerful barriers, hundreds of rivers, east farming, Zhengyi, east, carrying the qin, and heading east... Cuihua is flying to the east, spring breeze is green every year, from the east, see the hibiscus sun, go to the east... Supplements made in Supplements include: (1) For the single characters listed in "Pei Wen Yun Fu", add the fan cut on the calligraphy book; (2) Add the unaccepted words in "Pei Wen Yun Fu", and note the pronunciation and meaning;

(3) Supplementary words, called "supplementary algae"; (4) Supplementary Notes, known as "Supplementary Notes". The vocabulary added in "Supplements" is about 1/20 of that in "Pei Wen Yun Fu". "Pei Wen Yun Fu" is divided into 106 volumes according to 106 rhymes, and "Supplements" has the same number of volumes, with a total of 212 volumes.The collected single characters are about 10252 characters in the main collection, and about 10293 characters in the Supplements.About 600,000 to 700,000 words were recorded.These words, from the pre-Qin classics, to the Ming Dynasty writings.The original printed version has more than 1800 pages, which is voluminous and rich in content.To this day, we can still use it to find the source of poems, allusions, and idioms.Many of the materials cited in this book do not indicate the title of the article, and some only indicate the name of the person; some of the materials included as words or sentences are not a complete word or sentence, and some are not words at all; the style is also not rigorous.Therefore, readers must check the original text one by one when using it, otherwise it is very easy to make a big mistake.

The 240 volumes of "Pian Zi Lei Bian" were compiled by Zhang Tingyu and others ordered by Xuanye, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty. It began in the fifty-eighth year of Kangxi (AD 1719) and was completed in the fourth year of Yongzheng (AD 1726).The whole book is divided into 13 categories, including heaven and earth, seasons, mountains and rivers, residences, treasures, numbers, corners, fiefs, utensils, vegetation, birds and beasts, insects and fish, and personnel affairs.The headings are listed under each category, with a total of 1604 characters; under each heading, compound words with the same initial character and prefix are collected by category; under each word, materials related to this word in the classics and history subsets are compiled; citations are indicated The title of the book, the title of the poem.For example, Shanshuimen collects mountains, mountains, peaks, bridges, tops, xiu, stones, water, rivers, tings, springs, etc.; under the word mountain, it is listed: mountain sky, mountain cloud, mountain rain, mountain moon, mountain wind, mountain snow, Mountain glow, mountain dew, mountain thunder, mountain fog, etc.The information is quoted under each word, such as:

Shanjiao Jiangyan's "Qi Taizu 诔 [lei Lei]": loose hairpins - unpacking pine stones.Xie Zhuang's poem "A Banquet on Suanshan Mountain": The smoke is far away, and the fog is beyond the river's talent. This book contains a large number of terms and citations.But the words are neither phonetic nor interpreted.Some cited books have titles but no article titles, and the whole book has no index, making it inconvenient to consult. Both "Pei Wen Yun Fu" and "Pian Zi Lei Bian" compiled a wealth of anecdotes, anecdotes, laws and regulations, exegetical names, people's names, place names, and poetic rhetoric. Many ancient books cited in the book are hard to find now. Some are different from this book.For all the words and allusions that are not recorded in other dictionaries in ancient times, you can try to look them up from these two books.However, many of the citations have been transcribed repeatedly without checking the original text, and there are omissions and corruptions. They should not be trusted, and can only be used as clues to find certain materials.