Chapter 21 CHAPTER 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TIME OF NAMES

According to written and historical data, the nobles of the Yin and Shang Dynasties were mostly named after Tiangan.According to "Historical Records·Yin Benji", the founder of Yin was named Tianyi, which is Chengtang mentioned in the history books.Among the ancient kings before Chengtang, some used heavenly stems and some did not.According to the lineage recorded in "Historical Records", the order is: Qi, Zhaoming, Xiangtu, Changruo, Caoyu, Ming, Zhen, Wei, Baoding, Baoyi, Baobing, Zhuren, Zhugui, Tianyi.But since Tang, they are all named after Tiangan.Such as: Wai Bing, Zhong Ren, Tai Jia, Wo Ding, Tai Geng, Xiao Jia, Yong Ji... until the last tyrant King Zhou who subjugated the country was named Xin.

After the Zhou people overthrew the Yin Dynasty, until the Spring and Autumn Period, the names of the nobles still had the legacy of the Yin people, but the difference was that the earthly branch was added.For example, Duke Xi of Lu was named Shen, Duke Xiang was named Wu, Duke Caizhuang was named Jiawu, Duke Cai Zhao was named Shen, Duke Wei Dai was named Shen, and Duke Ding of Jin was named Wu.Chu has son Shen, Wei has Xia Wu, Zi Ding, Qin has Bai Bing, Chu has son Ren Fu, Zi Xin, son Wu, Zi Geng, and so on. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the naming of characters was not embellished, and the style was more simple, and the names were mostly familiar things or common sayings.For example, Lu Guozhan received the word Qin, Chu Gongzi Bream Ziyu, Jin Shikuang Ziye, Zhu Zhang Zigong (Shi Gongxian is Zhang), Qin Gongsunzhi Zisang, and Lu Gongzi Jian Zishi.And it doesn't avoid the vulgar, which is rare in later generations.Such as:

Zheng Linggong's name is Yi, the word Ziman, and the word raccoon [hehe]. Duke Cheng of the Jin Dynasty was named Hei Hip. Duke Xian of Zheng was named 虿 (now named Xiezi). Qi·Gongsun 虿 Ziwei (scorpion venom is at the tail, so it refers to its characteristics). Zheng·Gongsun Xizi. Lu Meng Ruzi's name is pig. Sima Geng's character Ziniu in Song Dynasty. Lai Zhengyu Zizi Zima. Ju·Yuan Mu's word is sheep. Among them, names such as 虿, 彘, Man, Yi, raccoon dog, and black buttocks may be seen in the nicknames of later generations, but people will not use them in the big names (scientific names).Words such as horse, ox, and sheep are rarely used in daimyo in later generations, but words denoting a thousand-mile horse or a steed are widely used.Such as Ji, Cong [cong Cong], Hua, Liu, Jun, and a foal are all common in names.This is because the level of civilization has improved, the pursuit of elegance, and the taboo of common animal names or rough names.If animals are used as names, they are all with good image, beautiful temperament, noble sentiments or spirituality, such as tigers, leopards, bears (pipi), dragons, phoenixes, tortoises, pengluans, cranes, and swarms.

Some documentary names in the Spring and Autumn Period also showed a kind of simplicity and unpretentiousness.For example, when Duke Huan of Lu gave birth to Duke Zhuang, he was named Tong because his birthday was the same as Duke Huan's.Zheng Wugong's wife, Jiang Shi, had a difficult labor when she gave birth to Zhuang Gong, which made Jiang suffer a little bit, so she named her Wusheng.寤 is (吴午) [wuwu], which means that people who were born backwards (not coming out first) are not going well.Confucius' parents prayed on Mount Niqiu and gave birth to Confucius, but Confucius' firstborn was defective, tall all around, and sunken at the top, so it was named Qiu and Ni.The ancients called the hill with accumulated water at the top Niqiu. "Erya Shiqiu" said: "The place where the water is flooded is called a mud mound."

There are also many names of descendants recorded, but all of them are auspicious, commemorative, or indicate that the child will be unusual in the future, and few of them are named after physiological characteristics or things that cause painful memories.Names like Wusheng can only be found in nicknames, and there are probably very few big names, but in the pre-Qin period they were grandly used as big names. In addition, like Li Er's character Dan, "Historical Records Biography of Laozi and Han Fei" justly said: "It is suspected that Laozi's ears are endless, so the old name is Dan." It seems that Laozi's name also has a documentary color.Zheng Guoyou's [pan Pan] was named Ziming, and Zheng Chenggong's famous uncle (Mu Lun) [gun4 stick] probably also belonged to this type.White eyes are called "眅", and eyes are called "(Mu Lun)", both of which express physiological characteristics.In later generations, only warriors or nicknames used this name, and literati and bureaucrats did not take it.For example, in "Three Kingdoms Yuan Shao Biography", there is Li Damu, a black mountain bandit, and Yang Dayan, a fierce general in the Northern Wei Dynasty.In the eyes of literati, it is inevitable to lose literary talent.

The names of the people in the Warring States still inherited the legacy of the Spring and Autumn Period, but the ancient colors gradually became less and less. In the Western Han Dynasty, the names took the path of elegance. Judging from the names of the characters recorded in "Han Shu", not only did the names lack the simplicity and roughness of the pre-Qin period, but they also showed a strong desire for fame, honor, status, and status.In the pre-Qin period, most of people's names and characters had the same meaning, only some characters used to distinguish the ranks, such as Bo, Zhong, Shu, and Ji, were lack of meaningful connection between the two.People in the Western Han Dynasty like to use Gong, Qing, Jun, Ru, etc. as characters, and most of them have no lexical meaning.Examples are as follows:

Sima Xiangru's style name is Changqing Su Wu Ziqing Li Ling's style name is Shaoqing Wei Qing, courtesy name Zhongqing Liu Bijiang styled Shaoqing Zheng Hong's style name is 穉〔智〕Qing Jin Lun's style name is Shaoqing Xue Guangde, courtesy name Changqing Bingji with the style name Shaoqing Xia Houjian, styled Changqing ... Among them, only Sima Xiangru changed his name to Xiangru because he admired Lin Xiangru. Lin was the Shangqing of Zhao State, so the name was Changqing.Long and Shangyi are close, which not only expresses Lin's identity, but also expresses his wish, that is, he hopes to become Shangqing like Lin Xiangru.This can be said to meaningfully connect.There are many other words for "Qing", whose meaning cannot be found.The name "Zhao Ruqing" in Yan Shigu's annotation "Jijiu Pian" said: "Ru, the name of Youshao. Qing, you can go to Qing. There is a Suxian word Ruqing in Han Dynasty." We can only use Yan Shigu's name An explanation to explain the meaning of the person with the above word "Qing": the words can reach Qing.For example, you can go to Qing if you open up territory for the country, you can go to Qing if you can build meritorious deeds for the country, you can go to Qing if you can spread kindness, and so on.These are not connections in the lexical sense, but "connections" derived from speculation.

Zigong Tian Guangming Xiahou Sheng, styled Changgong Qingshan, courtesy name Xiaogong Shi Dan Zi Zhong Gong Gai Kuan Rao Zici Gong Wang Ba Zi Gong Chen Wannian style name Yougong Chen Tang Zigong He Wu Zijun Gong Du Yannian style name Yougong ... This kind of nature is similar to those with "Qing" as the character, and it is also a manifestation of hoping for a title. Wang Mang Shi Xianzi Junfang Lou Hu's character is Junqing Dou Guangguo styled Shaojun Wang Jinzi Zhijun Zhou Qingzi Youjun Shenzhang Changzi Manjun Jia Hu Zi Ji Jun Dai Shengzi Cijun Thank you Yanjun

... When Yan Shigu commented on the name "Jing Junming" in "Jijiu Pian", he said: "Junming, if you have Mingde, you can be a prince of all countries. There is a Jingfang character in Han Dynasty." It can be used to explain the word " Mr." example. In the Western Han Dynasty, there were still many words with "ru" as the character.This is developed from the word "ruzi" in the pre-Qin period.Ruzi is not just a name for young men, it has special meanings.In the Spring and Autumn Period, in the families of princes and high officials, only men who could inherit the title could be called "ruzi", regardless of their age.Jin Gongzi Chong'er was in exile for 19 years, was welcomed to Qin by Qin Mugong, and sent back to Jin State to become the king of Jin. He was the famous Jin Wengong.At that time, Chonger was 62 years old, but Qin Mugong respectfully called him "Ruzi".In the Han Dynasty, "Ru" was used as a character for man, just like Jun and Gong, and it also expressed the desire to obtain a title.Such as:

Ji'an word Changru Meigao with the word Shaoru Guan Fu Zi Zhongru Han Anguo's character Changru Xifu bow Ziru Yunchang Ziyouru Wei Xian's character Changru Wang He Zi Weng Ru ... It is a major feature of the names of the Western Han people to express envy and hope for fame.This should be a positive psychological expression of long-term political stability and people's eagerness to make contributions.In addition, people in the Western Han Dynasty also like to use words such as Gongzi and Wangsun as characters, and also like to use Qian as the decoration of characters.For example, Dongfang Shuo, Yu Dingguo and Junbuyi are all named Manqian.Others such as Fang, Bin, Weng, etc. are also commonly used words in the names of Western Han people.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, because Confucianism has been respected and read for a long time, Confucianism has already been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.Confucianism respects patriarchs and ancestors, respects propriety and culture, advocates loyalty and filial piety, and advocates morality. Therefore, many words reflecting Confucianism, such as Wen, Xiao, De, Ren, Zhong, Li, Zu, etc., appear in large numbers in the names or characters of characters. In particular, filial piety, literature, benevolence, and morality appear most frequently. Due to space limitations, a few examples of each are cited as evidence: Zong Ci, courtesy name Xiaochu Bian Shao styled Xiaoxian Ding Hong's style name is Xiaogong Zhao Xiaozi Changping Su Shun Zi Xiaoshan Kong Rong's essays Zhang Chang styled Wenshu Wang Hong's long essay Xu Jingzi Wenxiu Zhang Gangzi Wenji Zhu Hui Zi Wen Ji Uncle Liu Li Yunzi Xingzu Gong Zu Wang Kaozi Wen Zu Li Youzi Boren The meaning of Yang Ren's characters Zhang Chunzi Boren Yang Xiuzi Dezu Li Xie's style name is Degong Ying Yu [yang sheep] is named Delian Li Ying character yuan ceremony Hao Lizhen Feng Li Ding Xian Zi Xiaolian Mao Jie styled Xiaoxian Guo Jiazi Fengxiao Cang Ci Zi Xiaoren Fa Zheng Zi Xiao Zhi rules on forbidden characters Zhang Liao's style is Wenyuan Sun Jian Characters Station Xu Sheng's writing style Wei Yan character text length Su Zezi writer Liu Chong Zizu Rong Ren Anzi Dingzu Yang Xiuzi Dezu Tao Qian styled Gongzu Cao Ren Zixiao Meng Ren (that is, Meng Zong) Xu Ci's style is benevolent Liu Bei styled Xuande Cao Cao styled Meng De Ding Yan [yi meaning] salute Sun Shaozi Gongli Yin Li Zi De Si The filial piety, literature, ancestors, benevolence, virtue, and propriety mentioned above are either named, or used as characters, or used as modifiers and suffixes of characters, which are rare in the Western Han Dynasty.Of course, the words expressing Confucianism are not limited to these, such as humility, respect, respect, let, Yin, heir, Zong, loyalty, forgiveness, righteousness, kindness, and fraternity, etc., were also commonly used in the Three Kingdoms era, so we will not Give examples one by one.It can also be seen that Confucianism has a profound influence on names.

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