Chapter 23 Section 6 Ancient Chess Theory

Chess theory is the essence extracted from the practical experience of countless games.From partial game experience to a more systematic and complete chess theory, this is a leap from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge of chess.The ancient chess theory in our country was initially formed in the early Southern Song Dynasty (early 11th century).At the beginning, simple chess theory is explained in the form of "chess poems".For example: "If you win a son, you get the name first, but if you lose the son, you lose. The front and the horse must correspond, and the artillery should need to make up the cart."The meaning of these poems is that in a chess game, the one who wins the piece and gets the first is the real winner, while the one who loses the first after winning the piece will actually lose the game.The front and the horse behind the chariot must echo each other, and the aggressiveness of the cannon must be supported by the chariot.

Some time later, the "Ten Tactics of Chess" appeared: One is not to be greedy for victory, the second is to slow down when entering the realm, the third is to attack the enemy and take care of yourself, the fourth is to abandon the child to be the first, the fifth is to give up the small to be big, the sixth is to abandon the danger, the seventh is to be careful not to haste, the eighth is to act accordingly, and the ninth is to protect yourself , ten I weakly take and These 10 sentences are full of dialectics, pointing out the strategy, tactics and strategy principles of chess games, which are of great practical value.To this day, these "Ten Tactics of Chess" still have guiding significance for us to play chess.

The "Chess Classics" compiled by Hong Mai, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, is more comprehensive in terms of chess theory. "The Classic of Chess" follows the style and structure of "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and is also divided into 13 chapters.The content includes: the first chapter on the situation, the second chapter on power and public opinion, the third chapter on rankings, the fourth chapter on strategic planning, the fifth chapter on joint warfare, the sixth chapter on winning odds, the seventh chapter on three wins, the eighth chapter on third trials, and more The ninth chapter of Change, the tenth chapter of Surprise, the eleventh chapter of Playful Heart, the twelfth chapter of Ten Commandments, and the thirteenth chapter of Choosing Friends.

The 13 chapters of "The Classic of Chess" comprehensively and systematically discuss the strategies, tactics and tactics of chess, the judgment of the situation of the game, the method of fighting for the upper hand in the game, the calculation of changes, the use of psychological factors, and the character of chess players. discussion.Among them, "He Zhan Chapter Fifth" was quoted and published by the famous ancient book "Suitability and Elegance" of the Ming Dynasty, and the principles of chess battles described are still of practical value today.The following is the original text of "The Classic of Chess: He Zhan Pian":

The method of playing chess is ever-changing.It is like a chariot in front of a horse and a horse behind, firing cannons and chasing the soldiers, like lightning and thunder; cannons assisting the soldiers, approaching scholars and elephants, like wolves running and tigers leaping.The hand cannon needs to work first, and the hand cannon needs to be locked up.The Shijiao cannon rushes the car forward, and the front cannon car crosses the road.The center of the broken elephant bureau advances and the pawns advance, and the chariots and guns go first to solve the horse bureau.The river patrol car is good at chasing the sons, the return cannon is good at destroying the elephant, the potter's wheel and the cannon are the best against the enemy, and the overlapping cars are cheaper.

The horse flies over the corner, and the car patrols the river.If you don't get the way, don't leave the standard, and if you have the power, you can compete for the first place.The mandarin ducks and horses guard Baosai, and the crab-eyed guns block cars on both sides of the bank.Riding a river cart is powerful, and a two-rib cart helps soldiers cross the river.The men are waiting for him to drive on the road, and the generals stand on their backs to avoid the attack of artillery.If I'm weak, don't advance lightly, and if the other is strong, I will attack.Abandoned sons need to be first, catch sons don't teach losers.If you hurry up, you will be able to do something later, but if you are slow, you will be lucky (xing xing) and you will not be able to move if you have no wife.Shi Xiangquan may seek peace, but Shi Xiang loses money against other pawns.

Even if it is implicitly going to be a killing game, it makes me anxious and frightened.Don't be in a hurry when you have to get it first, and you should feel at ease when you lose the car.Seek victory in the winning game of Zili, even if the Zili is wide, find a draw.This is the law in the game, and the outline of a joint battle. In the hundreds of years from the late Northern Song Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty, modern Chinese chess has researched and created a variety of opening forms with the continuous efforts of some chess masters.For example, the popular opening in the Ming Dynasty has five formations in the verses of the Mingpu "Orange in the Secret".The following are the offensive and defensive tips for these five popular layout formations created by "Orange in the Secret":

The cannon is fired in Zhongguan, which is more powerful than other bureaus.The guns are directed at Shijiao'an, and the car is on the second road.When the cannon was fired on the frontier, the pawns turned like flying.If the situation is always stable, the officials in the middle palace will be married.One cannon shot in the central palace, and the mandarin ducks and horses went to attack. The chess formulas that Zhu Jinzhen included in "The Secret of Orange" are not his own creations, but have been handed down by the predecessors.From today's point of view, they are all very insightful insights.

The chess theory created by ancient Chinese chess masters through game practice is the basis of modern and modern chess theory.We must cherish this precious chess heritage left to us by our predecessors, weed out the old and bring forth the new, inherit and carry forward, and further create and improve the theory of modern chess.