Chapter 11 Chapter Eleven Sun En and Lu Xun's Maritime Uprising

At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, political corruption and bribery became commonplace, "the people are miserable, and the world is suffering." Sun En, a native of Langye, is the nephew of Sun Tai, the leader of the Five Dou Rice Road.When Sun Tai saw the army rising in the world, he gathered the army and planned an uprising.Later, he was lured and beheaded, and his six sons were killed at the same time.Sun En fled into the sea.In the third year of Jin Long'an (399 A.D.), the Taoists of Wudoumi pushed Sun En as the leader and rebelled against Jin at sea. Sun En raised troops against Jin four times according to the island.In November of the third year of Jin Long'an (399 A.D.), the Jin court ordered the expropriation of peasants who had been exempted from slavery and became tenants in the counties of Dongtu (now East Zhejiang) to serve as soldiers. (Kuiji governs today's Shaoxing, that is, the area east of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang Province today) The people were dissatisfied, so Sun En led the crowd to land on the island, attack Shangyu, kill the county magistrate of Shangyu, attack Kuaiji, and behead Wang Ningzhi, the internal historian of Kuaiji.So the people of the eight counties in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang, responded.Hundreds of thousands of people gathered in ten days.In December, the imperial court urgently sent Xie Yan, the son of Xie An, a nobleman, and Liu Laozhi, the general of Fuguo, to suppress it.After Xie and Liu Huibing crossed the mouth of the Qiantang River, in order to preserve their strength, Sun En led 200,000 rebels back to the island by sea boat.

Sun En raised his troops for the second time in April of the fourth year of Long'an (AD 400).In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie Yan was regarded as the internal history of Kuaiji, and he supervised the military affairs of the five counties.Xie Yan had meritorious service in the Battle of Feishui, and he was proud of it.When Sun En was paralyzed by his pride, he led the navy to Jiajiakou (now Ningbo Yongjiangkou) in April of the fourth year of Long'an, entered Yuyao and Shangyu, and then captured Kuaiji.Killed Xie Yan and his two sons.After Xie Yan's death, the military power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty fell into the hands of Liu Lao, who was not from a noble family.Liu Laozhi attacked the rebel army in November, and Sun Enzhong retreated to the island. Liu Laozhi strengthened his maritime defenses and destroyed the Hudu Fortress (in today's Shanghai) to prevent Sun En's navy.

In the spring of the fifth year of Long'an (AD 401), Sun En raised his army for the third time.Sun En led a powerful navy to sail 400 miles offshore to attack Hudu, and then led a navy of more than 100,000 people and more than a thousand ships and warships to go up the Yangtze River and occupy Dantu (Jingkou, the gateway to Jiankang) , approaching Jiankang (now Nanjing), the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Liu Laozhi urgently ordered his subordinate Liu Yu to run from Haiyan to intercept.Liu Yu and Sun En fought at Dantu Suanshan (now Sanli west of Zhenjiang). Sun En was defeated, retreated to the mountain, reorganized the ships, and prepared to go straight to Jiankang.At this time, the number and types of warships in the rebel army were many.In addition to tall building ships, there are also "eight slot warships" with four floors and a height of more than 10 feet.Why is it called "eight slots", there are probably eight cabins.This was a new type of warship at the time.In addition, there are various other ships, such as Feiyun Ship, Cang Falcon Ship, Golden Ship, Flying Bird Ship and so on.These ships were all going up against the current, but unfortunately, the tower boats were too tall, and they encountered headwinds, which caused them to fail to rotate, and their speed was affected. Shunjiang to sea.Sun En's huge fleet went north to capture Yuzhou (now in the sea east of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, hundreds of miles around), Liu Yu chased after him and defeated the rebels in Yuzhou.Sun Ensui led the fleet back along the coast to the south, but was defeated by Hudu and Haiyan. The rebels suffered tens of thousands of casualties.Since then, famine and disease have killed more than half of the people.Sun En went back to the island to rest.

In March of the first year of Yuanxing (402 A.D.), Sun En raised his army for the fourth time.Sun En attacked Linhai, Zhejiang from the sea, and was defeated by Xin Jing, the prefect of Linhai.With only a few thousand people left, Sun En threw himself into the sea to die, and his subordinates numbered hundreds of dead, called "Narcissus". After Sun En's death, thousands of other people pushed Sun En's brother-in-law Lu Xun as the commander-in-chief.At this time, the political situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was unstable, and the ruler needed a stable rule; the rebel army suffered heavy losses and wanted to buy time for rectification. Therefore, Lu Xun accepted the Eastern Jin Dynasty's recruitment and served as the prefect of Yongjia (now Wenzhou).In May of the first year of Yuan Xing (AD 402), Lu Xun led his ships to revolt against the Jin Dynasty, and entered Dongyang (now Jinhua, Zhejiang) from the sea and was defeated by the Jin general Liu Yu.In the first month of the second year of Yuanxing (403 A.D.), Lu Xun sent his brother-in-law Xu Daofu to attack Dongyang again. In August, Lu Xun attacked Yongjia and was defeated by Liu Yu.Lu Xunsui led the navy to go southward, first to Quanzhou, and was pursued by the Jin army, so he led the fleet from Fujian Southern Airlines. After more than 100 days of sea voyage, they captured Guangzhou, the largest port in the South China Sea in October of the following year.

Lu Xun took Guangzhou as his base, relying on the navy, and defended it for six years.Xu Daofu was shrewd and far-sighted. Seeing that Liu Yu sent troops to the north to attack Murong Chao in Nanyan, he was unable to go south, so he urged Lu Xun to seize the opportunity and take Jiankang again.Xu Daofu also sent people to cut ship materials at Meiling on the border of Guangdong and Jiangxi a few years ago, sell them cheaply to the common people, and store them in their homes.Now, when warships are urgently needed for raising troops, these timbers are collected by selling coupons, and many ships are made in less than ten days for the navy.It shows the popularization of shipbuilding technology and the superb shipbuilding technology at that time.

In February of the sixth year of Yixi (AD 410), Lu Xun and Xu Daofu led a rebel army of 100,000, and sent troops northward in separate ways.Lu Xun's navy entered the Yangtze River from Guangzhou via the Xiangshui River.A navy from Xu Daofu set off from Shixing (Shaoguan, Guangdong) and entered the Yangtze River via Yuzhang.Lu Xun and Xu Daofu went east hand in hand. Within a hundred miles, there were endless boats, hundreds of thousands of soldiers, and thousands of boats.The defenders of the Jin army saw the banners of the righteous army waving, the ships covering the sky, and the momentum was huge, and they fled one after another.He Wuji, the general of Zhennan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the governor of Jiangzhou, led his troops from Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) to fight in the waters of the Yangtze River in Yuzhang.Xu Daofu took advantage of the west wind and ordered hundreds of archers to shoot He Wuji's boat on the west bank. The boat was pushed to the east bank by the west wind.

The Eastern Jin Dynasty urgently summoned Liu Yu to return quickly. Liu Yu traveled day and night to Xiapi (northwest of Juning, Jiangsu Province), carrying luggage on a boat, and led dozens of people to rush back to Jiankang. At this time, Xu Daofu wanted to take advantage of the victory to go to Jiankang, and Lu Xun wanted to retreat to Xunyang. The strategic dispute delayed the opportunity of the battle.Lu Xun led his army to retreat to Xunyang, leaving only Fan Chongmin with 5000 soldiers to guard Nanling (now west of Xuancheng, Anhui).On the one hand, Liu Yu sent troops to pursue, and on the other hand, he sent General Jianwei Sun Jigao to lead 3,000 naval troops southward along the coast, and captured Guangzhou at the turn of December and seized Lu Xun's base.

In December, Lu Xun Xudao's overthrowing army went east hand in hand again, and about 10,000 navy troops fought against Liu Yu's army in Dalei (now the west bank of Wangjiang County, Anhui).Liu Yu attacked with light boats and set fire to the rebel fleet moored on the west bank, and most of the warships were burned.Lu Xun was defeated and went to Xunyang, ready to return to Yuzhang, and built a fence to cut off the mouth of Poyang Lake as a retreat.When Liu Yu attacked the fence, the rebels fought hard, killing and injuring more than 10,000 people, most of the warships were burned, and only thousands of remnants remained, so they had to retreat southward.

In February of the seventh year of Yixi (AD 411), Liu Yu's tribe will attack Shixing, and Xu Daofu will be defeated and sacrificed.In March, Lu Xun retreated to Guangzhou, but Guangzhou had been captured by the Jin army years ago. Lu Xun was unable to attack repeatedly, and tens of thousands of people died in battle.In April, retreating to Jiaozhou (now Leizhou Peninsula), Lu Xun was defeated and committed suicide by throwing himself into the water. Sun En and Lu Xun's sea uprising began from 399 to 411 AD. They used islands as bases and often sailed on seas with hundreds of thousands of people on large ships to carry out military activities. They spanned the southeast sea and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River for 12 years. For a long time, tens of thousands of warships and countless small boats were built. "Battleship with eight slots" is creative.The uprising failed later, but their spirit of fighting bravely, unyielding, and not afraid of sacrifice was based on the solid shipbuilding foundation among the people, fast and superb shipbuilding capabilities, accurate and skilled navigation skills, and the strength of majestic and mighty warships. A glorious chapter has been written in history.