Chapter 35 Section 5 Repercussions of Gandhism in China

Since the 1920s, the name of Gandhi has been very famous in China.According to statistics, from the 1920s to the 1940s, 27 books about Gandhi and his doctrines were published in China. There are only three translations of Gandhi's biography by Roman Rolland, and four translations of Gandhi's autobiography.At that time, "Oriental Miscellany" published no less than 60 or 70 related articles, and once had a column "Gandhi and New India"; after Gandhi was assassinated in 1948, there were 13 commemorative articles. One of the reasons why Gandhi has such a great influence in China is that the Chinese people have always cherished deep affection for their friendly neighbor India.And he also gives great sympathy and solidarity to China, and is full of hope for China's future. On April 14, 1937, the International University founded by Tagore held the inauguration ceremony of the Chinese Academy. Gandhi heard the news and wrote to Tagore in advance to express his congratulations: "May the Chinese Academy be a symbol of the combination of India and China." Tan Yunshan, who was working, wrote: "Yes, we really need to promote cultural ties between the people of China and India. Your efforts are truly admirable." In July, when news of the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War reached India, he said: "China You are already resisting the Japanese invaders. Victory must belong to the Chinese people, because the truth is on your side!" Gandhi condemned the Japanese fascist invasion of China on various occasions.

In 1920, the Indian National Congress adopted Gandhi's anti-British struggle strategy of "non-violence" and "non-cooperation".In December of that year, the "non-cooperation movement" began.This movement has aroused the close attention of the Chinese intellectual circles, and various newspapers and periodicals continuously published relevant news and comments.From 1920 to 1926, about 30 related articles were published in Oriental Miscellany alone.Articles of this period, such as "Gannedy, Leader of the Indian National Movement", not only introduced Gandhi, but also published his portrait.The article pointed out that Gandhi was the center of the Indian autonomy movement and the founder of the non-cooperation movement; he believed in religion and advocated patriotism; fear. The article "Indian Autonomy Movement" also said: "Gan is a radical. He is also an idealist, advocating that India is not only self-governing but also independent." From 1921 to 1925, a debate about Gandhi and Gandhi was launched in the ideological circles of our country. The Great Controversy of Gandhism.Many people expressed their opinions in newspapers such as "Oriental Magazine", "Guide", "New Construction", "Frontier", "China Youth", "Guowen Weekly", and some opinions were very sharp and opposed.This fierce debate shows that Chinese nationalists and revolutionaries are very concerned about the future of India and attach great importance to the problems arising in the Indian independence movement.Opinions in the debate, though widely divided, all hope that the movement in India will develop smoothly and succeed.

In December 1929, the Indian National Congress passed a decision on launching a second non-cooperation movement. In May 1934, the Second Non-Cooperation Movement failed.For the second non-cooperation movement led by Gandhi, the "Oriental Miscellaneous" also had a strong response. From 1929 to 1932, there were 20 or 30 articles such as reviews and newsletters. The articles published at this stage had three characteristics: 1. , Clearly and rationally support and agree with the Indian national movement.Second, the research is relatively in-depth, and the analysis is close to the essence.3. Under the influence of the Comintern, the tendency to criticize Gandhi's "rightist" position was obviously strengthened.