Chapter 34 The fourth quarter Sun Yat-sen, Zhang Taiyan and India

Among the leaders of the Revolution of 1911, Sun Yat-sen and Zhang Taiyan were the two who cared and understood Indian issues the most and had contacts with Indian revolutionaries.Sun Yat-sen has several writings about India.For example, in "The Problem of China's Survival and Death", he said: "India's management started from a company, and the capital was reduced by 70,000 pounds. In the middle, there was Portugal's advanced, and it competed with France and the Dutch East India. It is suitable for the small country of India. They attack each other, but they all rely on outsiders. Clive, a secretary of the Indian company, fanned the kings of India with his intelligence, and if he used the resources and equipment, he would take advantage of them to gain real power." "The reason why Britain is an empire Those who live in India are not in England"; "The foundation of the British economy, that is, the lifeblood of its country, lies in India"; "If Britain does not have India, it will not become an empire." "The British Empire can only collapse." Today, Facts have proved Mr. Sun Yat-sen's prediction.

In 1905, Sun Yat-sen went to Japan from Europe and established the China Tongmenghui in Tokyo.At that time, there were more and more Indian students studying in Japan, and some revolutionaries went there. "Sun Yat-sen was able to synthesize and study the problems that appeared in many countries in the Far East. These problems have many things in common. Therefore, Sun Yat-sen became one of the enthusiastic agitators of a group of young students from North Korea, China, Japan, India, Thailand, and the Philippines. One.” After the Revolution of 1911, Indian patriots spoke highly of Sun Yat-sen. The leader of the Congress Party, Aurobindo Koshi, and the subsequent leader of the Congress Party, Gandhi, both regarded Sun Yat-sen as the founder of modern China. He likens it to India's tilak.

Many deeds of this great Chinese leader were circulated in the secret revolutionary organization in India at that time. In 1911, when Sun Yat-sen was in Honolulu, the United States, he met the Indian revolutionary Hal Dayal.The latter founded the Kadel Party in San Francisco in 1913, aiming to overthrow the British colonial rule.In the same year, the party held a meeting in Sacramento. Among the portraits of world greats hanging in the conference hall, there are Sun Yat-sen in China, Lenin in the Soviet Union, Mazzini in Italy, and Queen Zhangsi, the leader of the Indian National Uprising in 1857. than wait.

Sun Yat-sen went east to Japan after the failure of the "Second Revolution" and returned to China in 1916.During this period, many Indian revolutionaries came into contact with him.For example, the famous revolutionist La Bi Boss and others all had a deep friendship with Sun Yat-sen.Especially Boss, who fled to Japan when he was wanted by the British and Indian governments, was assisted by Sun Yat-sen.He recalled in the book "Revolutionary India": "After Yu arrived in Japan, he was able to make a relationship with Sun Wen, who was also in exile in Japan. The assistance of He Sun was not rare. At that time, Sun was concerned about Yu's safety. I am very anxious, because the British government has paid a bounty to arrest Yu Zao, and the station police stations in India have photos of Yu Zao posted on them for public display. After that, Sun Yat-sen returned to China, but because he was busy with domestic affairs, he did not contact his Indian friends again.But his attention to India has never diminished.

In 1921, he said in a speech: "Looking at the recent English newspapers, the number of Indians who were arrested by the British government for their revolution was more than 600. It can be seen that the revolutionary spirit of India has made progress, and may not be eventually captured by the British." Qu Ye." In addition, he often mentioned India in his speeches on various occasions, praising India's consciousness and the development of its independence movement.After the First World War, Britain was proud and powerful, but Sun Yat-sen pointed out: "At present, countries like Egypt and India are under the suppression of the British people with force, so they cannot succeed for a while. If Britain weakens for a while, Egypt, India, etc. Don’t wait five years for India, they will soon overthrow the British government and restore their independence.” This prophecy has also been confirmed by history. In 1923, he wrote: "The aggrieved people should unite with the aggrieved people to fight against violence", "In Asia, India and China are the backbone of the aggrieved". When Tagore came to China in 1924, Sun Yat-sen wrote to him and said: "I very much hope that when you arrive in China, I will have the special honor of welcoming you in person. It is our ancient custom to pay respects to scholars. But I will welcome you , is not only a writer who has added brilliance to Indian literature, but also an outstanding laborer who has sowed the seeds of human welfare and spiritual achievements in the hard-working land.” Sun Yat-sen passed away in 1925. In 1927, representatives of the Kuomintang and the Guangdong Revolutionary Government used the opportunity of the World Conference of the Oppressed Nations in Brussels to contact Nehru and issued the Sino-Indian Joint Declaration in the name of the nationalist forces of the two countries, realizing Sun Yat-sen’s last wish during his lifetime. In 1929, the National Congress Party Working Committee passed a resolution to send representatives to attend Sun Yat-sen's funeral.Congress Party leader Chi Das once praised him in his eulogy as not only a great leader of the Chinese revolution, but also a "spiritual leader of the Asian people".

When Zhang Taiyan was in Japan in 1902, he communicated with Indian patriots to discuss the future of the two countries. An Indian friend once said to Zhang Taiyan: "Your gentlemen come here to encourage you to study on your own. My country is long enough, but your country can still do it." In 1906, he went to Japan again, and made more extensive and deeper friendships with Indian patriots, including Sakyamuni, Daishi, Paluohan, and Baoshi (the above-mentioned Boss) and so on.At this time, he served as the editor-in-chief of "Minbao", and often wrote articles to introduce and comment on Indian issues.At that time, he put forward the idea of ​​Sino-Indian union, and wrote two articles, "China-India Union Law" and "Answer to the People's Book". From 1907 to 1908, he also wrote articles such as "The Hope of India's Resurgence", "Records of the Commemoration of King Sivaki of India", "India's Independence Method" and other articles.From June to October 1908 alone, "Min Bao" reprinted 18 Indian newspaper articles and leaflets. Zhang Taiyan's purpose was "to enable comrades of the Han nationality to visit, and also to make the righteous voice of the Brahma spread across the country."He said in "The Hope of India's Resurgence": "In the country of Eastern civilization, India and China are the only ones who are big. If you talk about their relatives, they are like the heart; if you look at their potential, they are like a car. Don't hug each other. In April 1907, Chinese and Indian revolutionaries took the lead in founding the Asian Peace Association in Tokyo, and the Chinese people who attended the meeting included Zhang Taiyan, Zhang Ji, Liu Shipei, He Zhen, Su Manshu, Tao Yegong, and Chen Duxiu , Lu Gongxia, etc. Indians include Boluohan, Baoshi, Daishi, etc. In addition, there are people with lofty ideals from Japan, Vietnam, Myanmar, the Philippines, Malaya, and North Korea.Zhang Taiyan personally wrote the "Asian Peace Association Charter" for the Peace Association, setting up the banner of opposing imperialism and "supporting each other to make countries independent".

Zhang Taiyan and "Minbao" played an important role in the ideological exchange between China and India in modern times.This is a link between the past and the future.If Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao’s discussions on India before the Reform Movement of 1898 were limited to the introduction of India’s national conditions, using India’s national conditions as a warning to the emperor and the people, then Zhang Taiyan’s discussion with Indian friends shortly after the Reform Movement of 1898 failed The contacts and exchanges, as well as the translation of Indian articles and comments on Indian issues in "Minbao", are not only a one-sided introduction to India's national conditions, but also a real exchange of ideas.