Chapter 22 Y

Cover: cover.Pirates: to steal.Cover your ears and steal the clock.Metaphor to deceive yourself. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: Self-knowledge": "The demise of the Fan family, the people who have the bell, want to bear it and leave. The bell is too big to bear. If it is destroyed with a vertebra, the bell will still have a sound. I am afraid that people will snatch it from themselves. Also, suddenly (yan, cover, cover) its ears." In the Spring and Autumn Period, after Zhao Jianzi, an aristocrat of Jin State, wiped out the Fan family, someone took the opportunity to pick up the things of the Fan family.A man got hold of a big clock and planned to run away with it on his back.But the clock was too big to move, so the man smashed it with a sledgehammer, and the clock rang loudly.The man was afraid that others would hear the bell and rob him, so he quickly covered his ears, thinking that if he couldn't hear it, others couldn't hear it either. The story recorded in "Lushi Chunqiu" warns people to be self-aware and brave to face their own mistakes.It’s okay to be afraid of being heard about your mistakes, but it’s not right to be afraid of hearing about your mistakes.As the monarch of the country, he is afraid of hearing his faults, isn't he like the man who covered his ears and stole the bell?

self-deception This kind of self-deception and self-deception is really ridiculous! Yang Gong: Yang Hu, a military strategist in the Western Jin Dynasty.A metaphor for a person who is not worthy of the name. Southern Song Dynasty Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Pai Diao": "Yu was disappointed, so he named it Yang Gonghe." Yin Hao was a celebrity in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He had great insight and extraordinary character. He was famous all over the world at a young age. He loved "Laozi" and "Book of Changes" and talked casually.Yin Hao had heard of Liu Zunzu's reputation a long time ago, so he praised him in front of Yu Liang.Yu Liang was very happy and planned to let Liu Zunzu be his deputy.When they met, Yu Liang talked to Liu Zunzu. Unexpectedly, Liu Zunzu's performance was extremely bad that day, and it was not at all like what Yin Hao said.Yu Liang felt a little disappointed, so he called Liu Zunzu "Yang Gonghe".

What is "Yanggong Crane"?Why do you call Liu Zunzu like this?It turned out that Yanghu raised a crane in the past, who was good at dancing to music.Yang Hu used to show off to the guests, but the guests didn't believe it, so Yang Hu drove the crane to perform in public.Unexpectedly, the crane was disheveled with feathers, looked tired, and refused to dance at all, so Yu Liang called Liu Zunzu "Yanggong Crane". Mismatched worthy of the name His academic level is low, in fact he can only be regarded as the crane of the sheep among the professors. The essence is sheep, but the appearance is covered with tiger skin.It is a metaphor for being strong on the outside and weak on the inside.

Western Han Dynasty Yang Xiong's "Fayan My Son": "Tiger skin made of sheep is happy when it sees grass, fights when it sees a jackal, and a tiger who forgets its skin." Yang Xiong was a native of Chengdu, Shu County in the Western Han Dynasty, and he was very talented and learned.He felt that Zhouyi was the top of all classics, so he imitated it and wrote Taixuan, and thought that biography was the top, so he imitated it and wrote Fayan. "Fa Yan" consists of thirteen chapters, respecting saints and talking about kingly ways, aiming to defend and carry forward Confucianism.At the same time, criticizing the popular communication between heaven and man and prophecy of ghosts and gods occupied a certain place in the history of thought.

There is such a dialogue recorded in "Fayan Wuzi", someone asked: "There is a man who claims to be surnamed Kong and styled Zhongni. He enters the gate of Confucius, climbs into the hall of Confucius, lies on Confucius's desk, and wears Confucius's clothes. Clothes, can this man be called Confucius?" He replied: "His appearance is Confucius, but his essence is not." "May I ask what is essence?" He replied: "The essence is sheep, but the appearance is covered with tiger skin. I am very happy when I see green grass, and tremble all over when I see a jackal, forgetting that I am still wearing a tiger skin, so I can scare the jackals."

Strong outside but dry in the middle This group of invaders fled in embarrassment under the onslaught of the warriors. Scoop up the boiling water from the pot and pour it back in to stop the water from boiling.The metaphor treats the symptoms but not the root cause. Mei Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty wrote a letter to the king of Wu: "If you want to cook the soup, one person cooks it, and a hundred people praise it. It is useless. It is better to stop the fire." On the way, he wrote a letter saying: "Zhongchang servant Zhang Rang and others are lucky enough to be favored, and the sea is in chaos. The minister heard that the soup will stop boiling, and it is better to go to the salary; although the ulcer is painful, it is better than internal food.'"

Mei Cheng was a famous writer in the Western Han Dynasty. He was born in Huaiyin, Jiangsu Province.Before Liu Bi launched the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion, Mei Cheng wrote a letter to discourage him from raising troops. During the rebellion, he also advised him to stop the army, but the King of Wu refused to listen.Later, King Wu's rebellion was put down, and Mei Cheng became famous.In the memorial to admonish Wu Wang Liu Bi's rebellion, Mei Cheng said: "If you want to make hot water cool, if one person is heating the fire, even if a hundred people scoop up boiling water from the pot and pour it back, to prevent the water from flowing It is useless to boil and let it cool down, it is better to stop firewood and stop the fire. If you don't know how to solve the problem fundamentally, but only consider the details, it is useless at all."

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the fighting between eunuchs and relatives, the people were in dire straits and the world was in chaos.He Jin, the great general of foreign relatives, and Yuan Shao, a family of powerful ministers, planned to kill the eunuch, but Empress Dowager He disagreed.He Jin and Yuan Shao secretly summoned Dong Zhuo to lead troops to Beijing in order to intimidate the Queen Mother.After Dong Zhuo received the order, he immediately led his troops to the capital, and at the same time wrote a letter to the court saying: "The eunuch Zhang Rang and others used improper means to gain the emperor's favor, harming the people and disturbing the world. I heard that scooping boiling water from a pot Put it back again to stop the boiling of the water, it is better to remove the firewood at the bottom of the pot. It is painful to break the sore and let the pus flow out, but it is better than to let the sore continue to fester and harm the body. Today I also want to rush to Luoyang openly, denounce the crimes of the eunuchs, arrest Zhang Rang and others, so as to eliminate those who are evil in heart and filthy in character." Dong Zhuo duplicity, took advantage of this opportunity to control the government, and made the people of the world even more trapped In dire straits.

Yang Yang: Looks proud.Described as very proud. "Historical Records: Biography of Guan Yan": "Yanzi came out as the prime minister, and his royal wife peeped at his husband from the door. His husband was the prime minister, holding a big cover, riding a horse, high-spirited, and very contented." Yan Zi was a famous statesman in Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period.When he was the prime minister of Qi, he went out in a car once, and the coachman who drove him held a huge umbrella on his head and drove four horses, triumphantly.This appearance of the coachman was clearly seen by the coachman's wife through the crack of the door.After a while, when the coachman came home, his wife asked the coachman for permission to say goodbye and leave.The coachman was very surprised and asked her why, she said: "Yanzi is less than six feet tall, but he became the prime minister of Qi and became famous among the princes. Today I saw him when he went out. He looked very ambitious, humble and docile. You are eight feet tall, but you are a servant and a coachman, and you seem to be very contented and content, so I wish to leave."

The coachman felt that his wife was right in criticizing him, and since then he has changed his arrogant and self-satisfied attitude and become very humble.Yan Zi felt strange seeing his change, so he asked him why.The coachman answered truthfully and explained the situation.Yanzi admired the coachman's kindness and kindness very much, so he recommended him to be the doctor of Qi State. smug moan and groan Guo Biao whistled and walked past them proudly. Yang: rely on, rely on.It is a metaphor for relying on others for survival or acting on the face of others. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Biography of Yuan Shao": "Yuan Shao is a lone guest and a poor army. He leans on me and breathes, like a baby in the palm of his hand. If he is not breastfed, he can starve to death."

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and Dong Zhuo took the opportunity to control the government.In 190 AD, Yuan Shao, his cousin general Yuan Shu, Jizhou Mu Han Fu and others raised troops at the same time to attack Dong Zhuo.When Dong Zhuo learned of Yuan Shao's rebellion, he killed all the members of the Yuan family who had stayed in the capital.Because the Yuan family has been high-ranking officials for generations and they are good people, people all over the world sympathize with what happened to them. The heroes all defected to Yuan Shao one after another, intending to avenge them. Han Fu saw that the hearts of the people were all attached to Yuan Shao, and he was very jealous in his heart. He was afraid that it would be bad for him, so he often tried to shake Yuan Shao's military morale.Feng Ji, Yuan Shao's adviser, advised Yuan Shao: "If you want to achieve a great cause, you must first occupy a state as a base. Now Jizhou is strong and prosperous, but Han Fu can be mediocre. We can secretly ask Gongsun Zan to lead the army south. Han Fu will surely Worried about fear, at this time, send another eloquent person to explain the good and bad to Han Fu, and he will definitely give way to you." Yuan Shao followed his plan, and Han Fu agreed.Han Fu's subordinates persuaded him after learning about it: "Although Jizhou is small, there are millions of people who can wear armor and go into battle, and the food is enough to last ten years. Yuan Shao, an outsider, leads the army in trouble, and relies on our Living by snorting is like a baby living in the lap and palm of an adult. If you don’t feed him, you can starve him to death immediately. Why do you want to give Jizhou to him?” Han Fu did not listen to the opinions of his subordinates and asked his son to take The seal letter was given to Yuan Shao, giving up his official position. Han Fu's character was timid and suspicious. After he gave way to Yuan Shao, he went to join Zhang Miao, the prefect of Chenliu, and lived a life of being dependent on others.Later, Yuan Shao sent envoys to Zhang Miao to discuss matters. The two discussed in low voices. Han Fu was also present at the time. He thought they were discussing murdering him, and was very scared, so he ran to the toilet and committed suicide. under the fence Lin Daiyu's parents died early, so she had to live in Jia's house and live a life of relying on others. Good: love it.It is a metaphor for liking something on the surface, but actually not really liking it. Han Dynasty Liu Xiang's "New Preface Miscellaneous Things Five": "Ye Gongzi is very fond of dragons. He hooked to describe dragons, chiseled to describe dragons, and carved inscriptions on rooms to describe dragons. So Tianlong heard about it, peeped at it, and applied it. Tail in the hall. Ye Gong sees it, abandons it and goes back, loses his soul, and has no owner. It is Ye Gong who is not a good dragon, and a good husband is like a dragon, not a dragon." Zizhang, a disciple of Confucius, visited Duke Ai of Lu. After waiting for seven days, Duke Ai of Lu did not meet him with courtesy, so Zizhang left the state of Lu. A thousand miles away, covered with hoarfrost and dew, exposed to dust and dirt, I only stayed once after walking a hundred miles, my feet were covered with layers of calluses, I dare not rest after walking, I will see you immediately, but after passing You have not received an interview for seven days. It seems that the book lover you advertised is just like the young master Ye Gao likes dragons. It is a superficial phenomenon. The young master Ye Gao likes dragons. There are dragons painted on the utensils in his house and everywhere in the bedroom. Really When the dragon heard about it, he came down from the sky, put his head through the window to look at it, and dragged his tail to the main room. When Ye Gong saw it, he was so frightened that he was so frightened that he was distraught, so he turned around and ran away. This Ye Gong didn't really like dragons, but liked dragons. It looks like a dragon but it’s not a dragon. Now I heard that you like scholars, so I traveled thousands of miles to see you, but you didn’t see them for seven days. It shows that you don’t really like scholars. What you like is people who look like scholars. People who are not scholars. Li said: "I have buried it in my heart, when will I forget it?" I took the liberty of asking someone to tell the above words, and then left the country of Lu." Hypocrisy Consistent He is a man of Mr. Ye who loves dragons. Once you really want him to do this, he will quit. Once it fails, it will be completely ruined.Describe a complete failure, out of control. "Historical Records: The Benji of Gaozu": "The world is disturbed, and the princes rise together. Now the generals are not good, and they have suffered a crushing defeat." Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, was a small pavilion chief in the last years of the Qin Dynasty, in charge of public security within a radius of ten miles.Once, he escorted a group of civilian husbands for the county to serve in Lishan, and many civilian husbands escaped on the way.Liu Bang estimated that when he arrived at Lishan, all the peasants might run away, and he would not be able to get rid of the responsibility at that time.So one day when he stopped to rest, he released all the escorted civilian husbands at night.A dozen young and strong guys refused to leave, so they fled with Liu Bang.Because Liu Bang killed the white snake and the cloud of the emperor often appeared above his head, the number of people who came to surrender continued to increase in the past few years. In the first year of Qin II (209 BC), after Chen Sheng's uprising, Liu Bang also returned to Pei County and mobilized the people there to kill the original county magistrate in response to Chen Sheng.The elders of Pei County wanted to ask Liu Bang to be the county magistrate. Liu Bang said: "The world is in chaos today, and the princes are rising. If the leader is not selected properly, he will be defeated. I don't care about my life too much, but I am worried that I am not capable enough to protect my father and brothers. .Electing a leader is a major event, and I hope that you will re-elect someone who is competent." But Xiao He and others were worried that if the event failed, they would be punished by the Qin government and their family would be destroyed in the future, so they tried their best to resign and still recommended Liu Bang.The elders also believed that there was no more suitable candidate than Liu Bang.Liu Bang refused, so he became the leader, and since then he has a new name "Pei Gong". Those who engage in intrigue and make a fortune by tricking people may be proud for a while, but they will all fail in the end. Drums: drums.For: exciting.In ancient times, when the drums were drummed, the morale was the highest when the drums were drummed for the first time.Later, it is often used as a metaphor to achieve success in one fell swoop when the vigor is strong or to work hard and move forward. "Zuo Zhuan Ten Years of Duke Zhuang": "When a husband fights, he also has courage. One effort, then decline, and three exhaustion." In the Spring and Autumn Period, in the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the State of Qi attacked the State of Lu, and Duke Zhuang of Lu planned to fight.After Cao GUI helped Duke Zhuang of Lu analyze the conditions of the battle, he thought it was possible to fight, so the Battle of Long Spoon broke out between Qi and Lu.As soon as the battle started, Duke Zhuang of Lu planned to beat the drums and march. Cao GUI said: "Wait a minute, we can't do it now." When the Qi army had beaten the drums three times, Cao GUI said: "Now is the time to beat the drums and march." The morale of the Lu army was strong, and they defeated the Qi army in one fell swoop.Duke Zhuang of Lu wanted to take advantage of the victory to pursue him, but Cao GUI said, "Wait a minute, we can't do it now." He got out of the car and carefully inspected the traces of the wheels left by the Qi army when they retreated. Then he said: "It's time to pursue." So the Lu army took advantage of the victory to pursue and defeated the Qi army. After the war, Duke Zhuang of Lu asked Cao GUI why he did that.Cao GUI said: "Battle depends on courage. The first drumming can boost morale, and the morale is the strongest; the second time the morale will decline, and the third time it will be exhausted. We were exhausted, and we were beating the drums for the first time, when our morale was at its peak, so we were able to defeat them in one fell swoop. Qi State is a powerful and powerful country, so it is difficult to predict. I am afraid that they will have ambushes. The flag is weak, which means that it is really a hasty retreat, so I rest assured to pursue." in one go When climbing a mountain, you must work hard, and you will be overtaken by others if you pause a little in the middle. Eagle: It is a big bird with a ferocious temperament.One arrow hits two eagles.Describe the skill of archery.It is also used as a metaphor to kill two birds with one stone. "Northern History Changsun Sheng Biography": "There are two eagles flying and fighting for meat, because they are fighting with two arrows, please shoot and take it. Sheng gallops forward, and when the eagle grabs each other, he shoots two shots." Changsun Sheng, styled Ji Sheng, was born in Luoyang, Henan.He is very intelligent, has military knowledge and skills, and is especially good at archery. In order to stabilize the Turkic minority in the north, the emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty decided to marry a princess to the Turkic king to take pictures.For the sake of safety, he sent Chang Sun Sheng to lead a group of soldiers to escort the princess to Turkic. Shetu respected Changsun Sheng very much, and kept him in Turkic for a year, and often let him go hunting with him.Once, when they were hunting, they saw two big eagles fighting for a piece of meat in the sky.Shetu then took two arrows to Changsun Sheng and asked him to shoot the eagle down.Changsun Shengchi immediately stepped forward, just in time to meet two eagles grabbing each other, so he drew his bow, and shot through both eagles with just one arrow. one stone two bird After thinking about it for a long time, he finally came up with a good idea to kill two birds with one stone. Do one thing and get the benefits of both at the same time. "Warring States Policy · Qin Policy II": "If you want to hurt a tiger and stab it, you will kill two tigers in one fell swoop." During the Warring States period, Chu and Qi severed their relations, and Qi sent troops to attack Chu.The king of Chu sent Chen Zhen to seek help from the neighboring state of Qin in the west. The king of Qin said to Chen Zhen: "You are from Qin, and we are old friends. It may be that I have no talent and cannot govern the country well, so you abandon me and serve King Chu. Now that Qi and Chu are at war, some people say it’s good to help, while others say it’s not good. Can’t you give your loyalty to King Chu and give me advice at the same time?” Chen Zhen said: "My lord, haven't you heard the story Guan Yu (person's name) told? There were two tigers fighting to eat a person, and Guan Zhuangzi was going to kill them. Guan Yu stopped him and said, "The tiger is Violent animals, people are sweet bait. Now two tigers are fighting to eat people, the small one will definitely die, and the big one will be injured. You wait until the big tiger is injured and then assassinate it, and you will get two tigers at once. Tiger. For you, you did not spend the effort to assassinate one tiger, but you got the reputation of killing two tigers. Now Qi and Chu are fighting, and one side must lose. When one side loses, you will raise troops to rescue him. Then you get the benefit of helping one side without the bad reputation of attacking the other side." kill two birds with one stone Planting trees and grass can not only beautify the environment, but also reduce air pollution. It can kill two birds with one stone and should not be ignored, and small towns are no exception. Ming: tweet.Metaphor usually unknown, suddenly have an amazing performance. "Han Feizi Yu Lao": "Although there is no flight, it will soar to the sky; although there is no song, its song will be amazing." .” King Zhuang of Chu has been in power for three years, has not issued orders, and has had no political achievements.One day, You Sima, who was in charge of military administration, was serving beside him, and he said to the King of Chu Zhuang in a secret language: "There is a bird that rests on the hills in the south. For three years, it has not spread its wings, it has not flown, it does not sing, and it has been silent. What is the name of this bird?" Name?" King Zhuang of Chu said: "I didn't spread my wings for three years, I used this time to grow my own wings. I didn't fly or sing, I used this time to observe the way people do things. Although I didn't fly, I flew When you get up, you will surely soar into the blue sky; although you don't make a sound, it will be shocking if you make a sound. Don't worry, I know what to do." After half a year, King Zhuang personally handled government affairs, abolished ten outdated laws and regulations, and re-enacted nine new laws and regulations, punished five unqualified ministers, and promoted six outstanding and noble people. As a hermit, the state of Chu became politically clear and the situation was stable.Later, the King of Chu launched an army to attack Qi State, defeated it in Xuzhou, then defeated Jin State in Heyong, and allied with the princes in Song Dynasty, so as to dominate the world. instant fame unknown A classmate in the class usually does not have outstanding grades, but he became a blockbuster in this exam and got enviable good grades. Nuo: agree; agree.The description is very trustworthy. "Historical Records: Biography of Jibu Luanbu": "There is a proverb in Chu people: 'Getting a hundred catties of gold is not as good as getting Jibu Yinuo.'" At the end of the Qin Dynasty, there lived a man named Ji Bu in Chu, who was upright, chivalrous and helpful.As long as it is what he promised, no matter how difficult it is, he will try his best to do it, and he will be praised by everyone.When the Chu and Han Dynasties fought, Ji Bu was Xiang Yu's subordinate. He made several suggestions and defeated Liu Bang's army.After Liu Bang became the emperor, thinking of this incident, he became very angry and ordered Ji Bu to be wanted.Those who admired Jibu as a man all helped him secretly.Soon after, Ji Bu went to a family named Zhu in Shandong to work as a helper after dressing up.Knowing that he was Ji Bu, the Zhu family took him in.Later, the Zhu family went to Luoyang to intercede with Liu Bang's old friend Ruyinhou Xiahouying.Under Xia Houying's persuasion, Liu Bang revoked the arrest warrant for Ji Bu, and made Ji Bu a doctor, and soon became the governor of Hedong.Cao Qiusheng, a fellow of Ji Bu's, loved to make friends with powerful officials in order to show off and promote himself. Ji Bu always looked down on him.Hearing that Ji Bu had become a senior official again, he went to see Ji Bu immediately.When Ji Bu heard that Cao Qiusheng was coming, he put on a tiger face and prepared to say a few words to make him unable to step down.Unexpectedly, as soon as Cao Qiusheng entered the hall, no matter how gloomy Ji Bu's face was and how ugly his words were, he immediately bowed and bowed to Ji Bu, wanting to catch up with Ji Bu on the old days, and boasted, "I hear There is a saying in Chudi that "getting a thousand taels of gold is worse than getting Jibu Yinuo". Since we are from the same town, and I spread your good reputation everywhere, why don't you want to see me?" Ji Bu heard Cao Qiu Sheng's words made him happy immediately, and he stayed for a few months as a distinguished guest.Before leaving, I also gave him many gifts.Later, Cao Qiusheng continued to publicize for Ji Bu, and Ji Bu's reputation became bigger and bigger. Keep your word Go back and forth To be a man, you must be honest, promise what you promise, and you can't promise what you promise. Exposure: drying.This refers to drying for one day and freezing for ten days.It is a metaphor for doing things without perseverance. "Mencius Gaozi 1": "Although there are things that are easy to grow in the world, if they are violent in one day and cold in ten days, there is no one that can survive." Mencius was a native of Zou during the Warring States Period, a great thinker in ancient my country and a representative of Confucianism.Once, he went to lobby King Xuan of Qi, but King Xuan of Qi did not listen to his opinion.Some people think that Mencius did not guide him well, while others think that King Xuan of Qi was not smart enough. Mencius said: "Don't dwell on the question of whether King Xuan Cong is smart or not. Even if there is the easiest plant to grow in the world, it is impossible to grow it in the sun for a day and then freeze it for ten days. The number of times I have met the king Too little. Although I am like the sun, I will recede as soon as it is exposed to the sun, and those villains who freeze him will come to him immediately. Even if there are good buds in the king, what help will it be? Just like playing chess , although it is just a kind of technical activity, if you don’t concentrate on it, you will definitely not learn well. Yiqiu is the person with the highest level of chess in the country. If you ask him to teach two people to play chess at the same time, one person will concentrate on listening to him the other listened, but in his mind a swan was coming, and he wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, although two people learn chess together, the result of the cranky person must not be as good as that of the single-minded person. Is there a difference in human intelligence? Certainly not, but the degree of concentration." half-hearted persevere Perseverance is the most important thing in learning, and it is most taboo to be exposed to the cold. Describe the longing for people. "The Book of Songs·Wang Feng·Caige": "When he picks Xiao, if you don't see him for a day, it's like three autumns." It is the oldest collection of poetry in my country, which contains ten folk songs from the Luoyi area of ​​the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, namely "Wang Feng". In "Wang Feng", there is an article "Picking Ge", which describes the longing for the lover, and the emotion is sincere and intense.The poem reads: The man who picks geese is the object of my longing. Not seeing each other for a day is like three months. The man who picks wormwood is the object of my longing. Not seeing each other for a day is like nine months. That AI picker is the object of my longing. Not seeing each other for a day is like three years. Lovers who are passionately in love all hope to stay together day and night, and even if they are separated for a short time, they will feel that it is long and unbearable, and the days are like years. "Cai Ge" accurately captures this common and common emotion, and vividly displays it by repeating chanting.Three poems, from "three months" to "three years", the feelings of longing are deeper and deeper, and repeated chanting is enough to resonate with the audience. Live like a year time flies Xiao Wang just went on a business trip for a day, and he can't hold back his longing for his girlfriend. For them, it's really "three autumns a day"! It was originally used to praise officials for their integrity and fairness, to refuse entrustment, and to enforce the law impartially.It later became a derogatory term.Describes not listening to advice, acting arbitrarily, and stubbornly acting according to one's own will. "Historical Records: Biography of Cool Officials": "Gongqing invited Yu, but Yu never thanked him. He only wanted to invite his friends and guests, and he did it alone." Zhao Yu was from the time of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. He served as an official in the Kyoto government as Zuoshi in his early years. Because of his shrewdness, he took up the post of Lingshi (official in charge of clerical affairs) and served Taiwei Zhou Yafu.After Zhou Yafu became prime minister, Zhao Yu became prime minister Shi.People in the prime minister's mansion praised him for being honest and fair, but Zhou Yafu didn't trust him very much, thinking that although he was talented, he enforced the law too harshly.However, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty happened to take a fancy to him, and asked him to formulate various strict laws and regulations with Zhang Tang to control and restrain the officials in office. Zhao Yu is honest and proud. Since he became an official, his family has never had any followers.If senior officials of the imperial court came to visit, he never thanked him. The purpose was to cut off contacts with close friends and various guests, so as to independently implement his own ideas.When he sees a good case judgment, he adopts it, regardless of whether the case itself is fair or not, so as to strictly investigate the secret crimes of subordinate officials. Zhao Yu was strict, cruel and impatient in his early years.In his later years, the country was troubled, and ordinary officials were committed to enforcing severe punishments and laws, but Zhao Yu became more relaxed and relaxed in enforcing the law, so he finally gained a good reputation as "gentle and peaceful". Regardless of his family's opposition, Li Xiaomao insisted on going his own way and gave up his studies. It originally meant that after Lu Buwei compiled "Lushi Chunqiu", a reward was offered, saying that whoever could change a single word in the book would be rewarded with a thousand gold.Later, it is used as a metaphor for the extremely high value of poetry and prose, expressing praise for diction. "Historical Records: Biography of Lu Buwei": "Lu Buwei made his guests write what they heard, and collected them into eight readings, six theories, and twelve disciplines, with more than 200,000 words. "Spring and Autumn Annals". It is placed on the city gate of Xianyang, and a thousand gold coins are hung on it. It invites guests from the princes and tourists, and those who can add or delete a word will be given a thousand gold coins." In the late Warring States period, there were four famous sons, they were Chunshen Lord of Chu State, Pingyuan Lord of Zhao State, Mengchang Lord of Qi State, and Xinling Lord of Wei State.According to the "Historical Records: Biography of Lu Buwei", these princes all like to be courteous and corporal, make friends with guests, and use them to achieve their political goals.Lu Buwei felt very ashamed that Qin was so powerful, but what he did was not as good as these princes from other countries.So he also attracted three thousand guests and treated them favorably.At this time, there were many eloquent people in the vassal states, such as Xunzi, who wrote books and spread the word to the world.Lu Buwei also asked the guests to record what they saw and heard, and compiled them into a book, including Ba Lan, Liu Lun, and Twelve Ji, with a total of more than 200,000 words, including everything in the world and everything from ancient to modern. It is called "Lushi Chunqiu".Lu Buwei published the book on the city gate of Xianyang and hung a thousand pieces of gold on it.Then invite wandering scholars and guests from various vassal states, and tell them that if there is anyone who can add or subtract a word in the book, he will be awarded the thousand gold.It is said that after Liu An wrote "Huainanzi" in the Western Han Dynasty, he also offered a reward of a thousand pieces of gold for comments. Every word No one paid attention to his works at first, but after becoming famous, Luoyang paper is expensive. Gullies: ravines; puddles.It originally referred to treating neighboring countries as a big puddle for flooding.The last metaphor is to push difficulties or disasters to others. "Mencius Gao Zixia": "That's why Yu regarded the whole world as his beggar, and now my son regards neighboring countries as his beggar." During the Warring States Period, there was a man named Bai Gui who was good at commercial production and building embankments for water control.One day, he said to Mencius, "My ability to control floods is better than that of Xia Yu." Mencius said, "Your statement is wrong. Xia Yu's control of water follows the nature of water, and uses dredging methods to let water flow into the sea. It is a puddle. Now you control the water by building dikes and blocking it, and let the water flow to the neighboring country. You are treating the neighboring country as a puddle. If the water flows against the flow, it is called a flood, and the flood is a flood. The flood endangers the world and causes losses to the people. Love and pain are the most abhorrent to a benevolent person, so I don't think you are right." blame others We cannot be beggar-thy-neighbor and dump garbage in the river, polluting the downstream. Use eggs to hit rocks.It is a metaphor for being overwhelmed and bound to fail. "Mozi Guiyi": "Those who say what they say are not what I say are like throwing an egg into a stone. If all the eggs in the world are exhausted, the stone is still the same and cannot be destroyed." Mozi went north to the state of Qi, and met a fortune teller.The fortune-teller said: "On this day in history, the Emperor of Heaven killed the black dragon in the north. Your face is black, so you cannot go to the north." After crossing Zishui, I returned.The fortune-teller said: "I told you that you can't go north." Mozi said: "Today, no one from the south of Zishui can cross the river, and no one from the north of Zishui can cross the river. Their faces There are black and white, why can't they cross? Moreover, Tiandi killed the green dragon in the east on Jiayi day, the red dragon in the south on Bingding day, the white dragon in the west on Gengxin day, and the north on Rengui day. Black Dragon. If you use your words, then all people in the world will be banned from moving around. This is to deceive people's hearts and make the world look like there is no one, so your words cannot be adopted." Mozi also said: "My words are enough. If you abandon what I say and think about something else, it is like giving up harvesting to pick up the ears of grain left by others. Using other people's words to attack my words is like It's like hitting an egg against a rock, throwing all the eggs in the world, the rock remains the same and cannot destroy it." praying man Fighting against modern guns with swords and spears is like hitting a stone with a pebble, which is tantamount to suicide. One person can be worth ten people.Describes the high morale and the spirit to overwhelm the enemy when winning more with less. "Historical Records Xiang Yu Benji": "When Chu attacked Qin, all the Chu soldiers counted as ten, the Chu soldiers shouted loudly, and the princes and armies were all frightened." At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and heroes rose up. Xiang Liang and others supported the grandson of King Chu Huai, Xiong Xin, and still honored him as King Chu Huai.After Xiang Liang died in battle, King Huai of Chu liked Song Yi and appointed him as the top general, Xiang Yu as the second general, and Fan Zeng as the last general.When Song Yi led his army to rescue Zhao Guo, Song Yi was timid and timid, Xiang Yu took advantage of the opportunity of meeting the general in the morning and beheaded him in his tent.Then he acted as the general and sent the general to lead 20,000 soldiers to rescue Julu, an important town in Zhao State. The first battle of the reinforcements was unsuccessful, so Xiang Yu accepted the general's request to send troops again, led all the troops across the Zhang River, sank all the ferries to the bottom of the water, smashed all the cooking pots and bowls and other cooking utensils, and burned all the tents. He only carried three days' rations with him to show his determination to fight to the death and never retreat. At that time, there were more than a dozen armies of princes to rescue Zhao under the city of Julu, but no one dared to send troops in the face of Qiang Qin.After Xiang Yu led the Chu army to Julu and began to attack, the generals of the princes all waited and watched from the wall.The soldiers of the Chu army were full of fighting spirit, and all of them were able to resist ten people by one.The sound of the Chu army's killing shook the sky and the earth, and the troops of the princes were all afraid when they saw it.After many fierce battles, the Chu army finally defeated the Qin army.From then on, Xiang Yu shocked the princes, and the generals of the princes from all walks of life all knelt on the ground and walked forward on their knees to pay respects to him, not daring to look up. less is more Outnumbered He could count one as ten in his work. Yi: leisurely.It refers to adopting a defensive posture during combat, consolidating energy and recharging energy, allowing the enemy to attack, and then taking advantage of their fatigue to win the battle. "Sun Tzu·Army Struggle": "Treat the distance with the near, wait the labor with the loss (yi), wait the hunger with the full, this is the one who controls the strength." The book "Sun Tzu" is the earliest and most outstanding military work in our country. It was written by Sun Wu, a general of Wu State in the late Spring and Autumn Period.Sun Wu was originally a native of Qi, and was received by Wu Wang Helu (that is, Helu, who reigned from 514 to 496 BC) because he was good at the art of war.Helu asked Sun Wu to train his maids to test his art of war.As a result, Sun Wu was successful, and Helu knew that he was good at using troops, so he appointed him as his general.Under the leadership or assistance of Sun Wu, the state of Wu defeated the mighty state of Chu in the west, occupied its capital, shocked Qi and Jin in the north, and became famous among the princes. "Sun Tzu's Art of War" consists of thirteen chapters, summarizing our country's war experience before the Spring and Autumn Period, and put forward a series of universal war guidance laws, which played an important guiding role in ancient my country's military academics and war practice.In the chapter "Military Struggle", Sun Tzu said: "A man who is good at using troops will avoid the enemy's vigor and attack when he is lazy and slack. Master, wait for the enemy's restlessness with your own calmness, this is the way to master the general's psychology. Wait for the enemy to come from a long distance with your own less walking, wait for the enemy's fatigue with your own ease, and wait for the enemy's hunger with your own food and clothing, this is mastery The method of combat effectiveness of the troops." At such times, although the enemy army is strong, it is also greatly weakened; its strength is exhausted, its morale is depressed, and many weaknesses are exposed.Although the Red Army is weak, it has recharged its energy and stored up its energy, waiting for work with ease. Ci: resignation.It is morally undeniable. Chapter 58: "You can send people to Lu Zijing's place, and teach him to send a letter to Jingzhou urgently, so that Xuande can reject Cao with all his strength. Zijing is kind to Xuande, and he must obey his words; and Xuande is Dongfang Wu's son-in-law is also obliged. If Xuande comes to help, Jiangnan will be safe." In the middle, Chen Qun, Cao Cao's subordinate, suggested that Cao Cao raise troops to attack Jiangnan, then occupy Jingzhou and Xichuan, and pacify the world.Cao Cao thought the proposal was feasible, so he raised 300,000 troops to attack Sun Quan.After Sun Quan knew about it, he quickly summoned all the generals to discuss.Zhang Zhao said: "You can send someone to Lu Su and ask him to write to Liu Bei in Jingzhou as soon as possible, asking Liu Bei to join us in fighting against Cao Cao. Lu Su is kind to Liu Bei, and Liu Bei will obey his words. Besides, Liu Bei is us again. Soochow’s son-in-law cannot refuse morally. If Liu Bei comes to help, we at Soochow will have nothing to worry about.” Sun Quan followed his advice and immediately sent someone to notify Lu Su to ask Liu Bei for help.Liu Bei consulted with Zhuge Liang after receiving Lu Su's letter. Zhuge Liang said: "What Cao Cao feared all his life was the soldiers and horses of Xiliang. Now he has killed Ma Teng, the prefect of Xiliang, and Ma Chao, the son of Ma Teng, is leading the soldiers of Xiliang.对曹操非常痛恨。您可以写一封信，结纳马超。假如马超起兵攻曹，曹操又哪里有时间进攻吴国呢？”马超收到刘备的信后，共起二十万大兵向长安进攻，使江南暂时免除了危机。 责无旁贷 push three resistance four 为社会主义大厦添砖加瓦，为人民做好事，是自己义不容辞的责任。 步：步行。趋：小跑。形容事事追随和模仿别人。 《庄子·田子方》：“夫子步亦步，夫子趋亦趋，夫子驰亦驰，夫子奔逸绝尘，而回瞠若乎后矣。” 《庄子·田子方》记载，有一次，孔子的学生颜渊问孔子：“先生您行走我也行走，先生您快跑我也快跑，先生您疾驰我也疾驰，先生您脚不沾地地迅疾飞奔，我却只能干瞪着双眼落在后面。”孔子听不懂，颜渊又说：“我说这些意思是，您不说什么却能够取信于大家，不表示亲近却能使情谊传遍周围的人，不居高位、没有权势却能够让人民像流水那样居于身前，而我却不懂得先生为什么能够这样。” 孔子说：“人最悲哀的是心灵的僵化死亡，这比躯壳的死亡更厉害。要想不至于'心死'，就得让自己像太阳每天从东方升起，往西方落下一样，每时每刻都不停地变化。命运的安排不可能预先窥测，所以我只是每天随着情况的变化而变化罢了。我跟你这样亲密无间，你却不能真正了解我，这真是我的悲哀。” echo what others say 特立独行 缺乏创造力，亦步亦趋，是不能打开局面的。 曲调不同，却同样美妙。比喻不同时代、不同人的文章、言论一样精彩。或不同的方法产生同样的效果。 唐·韩愈《进学解》：“子云、相如，同工异曲。” 韩愈是唐代著名诗人、文学家。《进学解》中提到的子云即扬雄，相如即司马相如，都是西汉著名的文学家。韩愈在元和七八年间担任国子博士时，写了这篇《进学解》，假托向学生训话，勉励他们在学业、德行方面取得进步。文章先写学生提出质问，他再进行解释，故名“进学解”，借以抒发自己怀才不遇、仕途不顺的牢骚。 文章写道：国子先生早上召集学生教导他们说：“学业的精进由于勤奋，而荒废由于游荡玩乐；德行的成就由于思考，而败坏是由于因循随便。各位只用担心学业不能精进，不要担心主管部门看不清；只担心德行不能成就，不要担心主管部门官吏不公正。”话还没有说完，有人就笑道：“先生在欺骗我们吧？我们这些学生侍奉您，到现在已经好几年了。您夜以继日，刻苦用功，一年到头不休息，从事学业可以说勤奋了。您对于儒家，可以说是大有功劳了。您的心神沉浸在书籍里，仔细品尝咀嚼其中的精英华彩，写起文章来，书卷堆满了家屋。向上取法虞、夏时代的典章；往下一直到《离骚》、太史公的记录；扬雄、司马相如的创作，同样巧妙而曲调各异。您的文章可以说是内容宏大而外表气势奔放，波澜壮阔。您的做人，可以说是很有成就了。可是您在公的方面不能被人们信任，在私的方面得不到朋友的帮助。前进退后，都发生困难，动一动便惹祸获罪。您不想想自己这些，怎么反而来教训别人呢？” 与陶然亭不同，但造园方法有异曲同工的紫竹园，一改北方不能种竹的旧俗，渐渐形成以竹为特色的园林风格。 根据不同地区的实际情况，制订恰当的措施。 东汉·赵晔《吴越春秋·阖闾内传》：“夫筑城郭，立仓库，因地制宜，岂有天气之数以威邻国者乎？” 阖闾是春秋时期吴国国君，春秋五霸之一。阖闾元年，他准备选用贤能之士，推行恩惠的德政，用仁义立国，使自己扬名于诸侯。一开始，他担心诸侯们不相信，百姓们不归附，就提拔从楚国逃亡来的伍子胥担任行人(官职名，掌管朝觐聘问等事务)。用对待客人的礼节招待他，并同他一起商议国家政事。 阖闾对伍子胥说：“我想增强国力、称霸诸侯，怎么才能做到呢？我们国家地处偏远，只占有东南之地，地形险阻、气候潮湿，又有江海泛滥的灾害。国君没有可以防御的屏障，百姓没有可以依傍的东西。仓库没有设立，田地没有开垦，您说该怎么办呢？”伍子胥考虑了很久才回答说：“我听说治国之道，以安定国君、理顺百姓为上。”阖闾说：“那安君理民的方法是怎样的？”伍子胥回答说：“凡是打算安定国君、治理百姓、称霸诸侯、从近制远者，一定要先建筑城郭，设立守备，充实仓库粮草，修治武器装备。”阖闾称赞说：“您说得很好。不过建筑城郭、设立仓库，应该根据不同地区的具体情况，制订适宜的措施，哪里有利用天数来威震邻国的呢？”阖闾随后委任伍子胥全面负责这些事务，为日后伐楚打下了基础。 墨守成规 要继续面向亿万农民，特别是贫困地区、少数民族地区的农民，传播和普及先进适用技术，因地制宜、扎实有效地开展农村科普工作。 利导：引导。指顺着事物发展的趋势加以引导。 《史记·孙子吴起列传》：“彼三晋之兵，素悍勇而轻齐，齐号为怯。善战者，因其势而利导之。” 孙膑是孙武的后代，战国时期卓越的军事家。孙膑早年和庞涓一起学习兵法，庞涓后来到魏国做官，他知道自己才能比不上孙膑，非常担心，就设计骗来孙膑，挖掉了孙膑的膝盖骨。孙膑想办法逃到了齐国，以自己的才能赢得了齐威王以及大臣田忌等人的尊敬和信任，担任了齐国的军师。 梁惠王二十七年(公元前343年)，魏国联合赵国攻打韩国，韩国向齐国求救。齐国以田忌为将，带兵直攻魏国首都大梁。庞涓听到这一消息，马上带兵离开韩国，准备半路堵截齐军，不料齐军已经越过魏境，直奔大梁。孙膑对田忌说：“魏国的军队一向勇猛强悍而轻视齐军，齐军以胆怯出名。善于用兵的人就应该利用这样的形势使其向有利于自己的方向发展。兵书上讲，出兵百里而去追逐利益的，前锋主将一定会受挫；急行军五十里而去争利的，只有一半军队能够赶到。”于是下令让齐军进入魏国后造十万人的锅灶，第二天造五万人的锅灶，第三天造三万人的锅灶。庞涓行军三天，每天察看齐军的锅灶情况，非常高兴，说：“我就知道齐军胆小，才进入我国境内三天，士卒就已经逃亡过半了。”于是丢下步兵，带领轻装精锐部队日夜兼程追赶齐军。 孙膑估计，按庞涓的速度应该晚上到达马陵。马陵道路狭窄，而路旁多险阻，可以埋伏兵力。孙膑于是命人削掉路边一棵大树的树皮，露出白色，在上面写道：“庞涓死于这树下。”然后命令一万名齐军神箭手沿路埋伏，并约定：“晚上看到火光就一起放箭。”庞涓果然晚上来到了大树下，看到树皮发白，上面有字，就让人取火来看。字还没有看完，齐军万箭齐发，魏军大乱。庞涓自知兵败无救，只好拔剑自杀，齐军于是乘胜追击，彻底打败了魏军，孙膑也由此名扬天下。 噎：咽喉梗塞，噎住。因为吃饭噎住过，就不再吃饭。后用来比喻受过挫折后，连该做的事情也不去做了。 《吕氏春秋·荡兵》：“夫有以饐(同“噎”)死者，欲禁天下之食，悖。” 《吕氏春秋·荡兵》中讲，古代圣王只有兴举义兵者，而无息兵罢战者，并对此进行了论证。其中一条讲：有因为吃饭噎死了人，就打算禁食天下的食物，这是不明智的。有因为乘舟坐船淹死了人，就打算禁毁天下所有的船只，这也是不明智的。有因为用兵失败而丧失了自己的国土，就打算禁息天下所有的兵事，这同样是不明智的。兵事、军队不可废止不用，就像水火不可被废止不用一样。对于水火，如果善于运用就会造福，不善于运用就会带来灾祸。就像用药治病的人一样，找到的是好药就能救人，找到的是坏药就会杀人。守卫道义的军队就是天下好药中最好的一种，所以不能被废止不用。 一个家庭，如果没有发怒和鞭笞，那么小孩、婴儿马上会随时随地犯错误。一个国家，如果没有刑法和惩罚，那么百姓马上就会忤逆不道、相互欺凌。如果天下没有诛杀和攻伐，那么诸侯们马上就会相互施暴、互相攻打。所以家庭里不能废止发怒和鞭笞，国家不可废止刑法和惩罚，天下不可废止诛杀和攻伐。正因为这样，所以圣王只能兴举义兵，而不能废止军队兵事、息兵罢战。 一蹶不振 改革完全是一件新的事情，难免会犯错误，但我们不能怕，不能因噎废食，不能停步不前。 鸩：传说中的一种毒鸟。喝用鸩鸟的羽毛泡的毒酒来解渴。比喻只图解决目前的困难，不顾后患。 《后汉书·霍谞传》：“譬犹疗饥于附子，止渴于鸩毒，未入肠胃，已绝咽喉。” 霍谞是东汉时期魏郡人，年纪轻轻就显示出才气，被推举为明经。不久，有人在大将军梁商面前诬告霍谞的舅舅宋光，说他胡乱改变法律条文，宋光因此被囚禁在洛阳的监狱中，遭到严刑拷打。霍谞当时年仅十五岁，便上疏给梁商说：“宋光是官宦子弟，遵规守矩，没有非分之想。他在州郡中地位最高，每日都盼望着被朝廷征召，并没有丝毫瑕疵缺点，他怎么会无故删改诏书呢？即使他对诏书中的条目有所疑问，也会寻找一种安全便利的办法，怎会去冒这种杀头的危险呢？私自删改诏书条目，就像用附子充饥，用毒酒止渴。还没有进入肠胃，才到咽喉就已经绝命，他怎么会这样做呢？希望将军留意、明察，则宋光幸甚、天下幸甚。梁商看了奏疏，认为霍谞才志很高，当即为他上奏赦免了宋光的罪过，霍谞也因此名扬天下。 剜肉医疮 他明知借高利贷还债是饮鸩止渴，可眼下也不得不这样做了。 垂：流传。指姓名、事迹、精神等长久流传，永不磨灭。 《魏书·高祖孝文帝纪下》：“虽不足纲范万度，永垂不朽，且可释滞目前，厘整时务。” 北魏孝文帝，是我国古代一位卓越的少数民族政治家和改革家。他本姓拓跋，名宏，因崇尚中原文化，大力推行汉化政策，于公元471年将拓跋氏改姓元。他禁胡服﹑胡语，提倡汉化，禁止鲜卑族内部通婚，促进了民族融合。 为了便于学习和接受中原汉族先进文化，进一步加强对黄河流域的统治，孝文帝决定把国都从平城(今山西大同市东北)迁到中原地区，但他担心遭到朝廷贵族顽固派的强烈反对，于是假装征伐南朝，趁机迁都。 公元493年，孝文帝下诏修造桥梁道路，操练军队，准备大举南伐。紧接着又下诏说：“上至周代经典，下至汉晋规章，都列明了六职、九列各位官员的职责，我们应当注意保持这些典章制度，人人坚守自己的职事。现在虽然百官等级已定，但各项事务的规章还没有确立。过去，贤人们会亲自处理这些，现在，我也参考过去的资料，结合当前的实际，制定了《职员令》。因为战事紧迫，还没有时间仔仔细细地弄得周全。但我认为，它即使不足以治理万事，长久流传，永不磨灭，也可以对付目前的疑虑，治理整顿当前的各项事务。等到大军返回，再重新讨论不足之处，现在权且颁布施行。如果在施行中遇到疑问，而此律令中没有写到，可以将疑问上报，我将重新对它进行修订补充。” 当年9月7日，孝文帝以讨伐南朝萧齐为名，率领三十余万军队大举南下。但路上遭遇霖雨，天气一直不放晴，四十天后才行军到洛阳。此时大臣将士们都已疲惫不堪，不愿继续南进。孝文帝趁机下令：“如不继续南进征讨，就必须迁都于此。”从而顺利地解决了迁都的难题。 薄薄的刀刃在骨节间的空隙游走运行时大有余地。比喻观察事物透彻，技艺精熟，运用自如。 《庄子·养生主》：“彼节者有间，而刀刃者无厚。以无厚入有间，恢恢乎其于游刃必有余地矣。” 厨师庖丁给文惠君杀牛，分剖牛时手所接触的地方，肩所靠着的地方，脚所踩踏的地方，膝所抵住的地方，都发出爽利的声音。这些声音以及快速进刀时发出的刷刷的声音，无不像美妙的音乐。 文惠君问他，怎么练就了如此高超的技术？庖丁回答说：“我喜欢探求事物的规律。我刚开始学习分解牛体时，所看到的无不是整头牛。三年之后，就不曾再看见整体的牛了。现在，我只用心神去接触而不用眼睛去观看，眼睛似乎停了下来而心神仍在不停地运行。我依照牛体自然的生理结构，劈击肌肉骨骼间大的缝隙，把刀导向骨节间的空隙，顺着牛体的天然结构去解剖，从不曾碰撞过经脉纠结的部位以及骨肉紧连的地方，何况那些大骨头呢。优秀的厨师一年换一把刀，因为他们割肉时割钝了刀；普通的厨师一月就要换一把刀，因为他们砍骨头时砍折了刀。如今我这把刀已经用了十九年，宰杀过上千头牛，但刀刃利得像刚在磨刀石上磨过的一样。牛的骨节乃至各个组合部位之间是有空隙的，而刀刃几乎没有什么厚度，用薄薄的刀刃插入那些空隙，对于刀刃的游走运行来说宽绰有余，所以我的刀用了十九年还像刚在磨刀石上磨过一样。”文惠君听完庖丁的话，赞叹地说：“我听了这一番话，从中得到了养生的道理。” 挥洒自如 长期的业务学习和知识积累，使他遇到问题心中有数，处理纠纷游刃有余。 恃：倚仗，依靠。指有了依仗就无所畏惧或顾忌。 《左传·僖公二十六年》：“齐侯曰：'室如县罄，野无青草，何恃而不恐？'对曰：'恃先王之命。'” 春秋时代，公元前634年夏天，鲁国遭受了严重的灾荒，齐孝公趁机攻打鲁国。鲁僖公派大夫展喜带着牛羊、酒食前去，以犒劳为名劝阻他们的进犯。展喜日夜兼程，在齐军还没有进入鲁国国境时迎住了齐军。展喜说：“我们国君听说大王亲自光临我国，特地派我前来慰劳您的左右侍从。”齐孝公说：“你们鲁国人感到害怕了吗？”展喜说：“我害怕了，但君子们不害怕。”齐孝公又说：“你们鲁国国库空虚，房子里空空荡荡，就像悬挂着的罄，地里一片荒凉，没有庄稼，连青草也看不到，凭什么不害怕呢？”展喜回答道：“我们依仗的是周王的遗命。当初周公、姜太公辅佐周室和成王，成王慰劳他们，赐给他们盟约，说：'以后代代子孙，不要相互侵害。'这项盟约现在还在。早年你们先君齐桓公还曾因此会盟诸侯，共同商讨消除诸侯间的不和，弥补他们的过失，救助他们的灾难。这一切都是为了发扬光大过去的职责。直到君王您即位，各国诸侯都期盼地说：'他会继续桓公的功业吧？'我们国家因此不敢修筑城堡，聚集民众。我国的人民都说：'难道他即位九年就会背弃先王的遗命，废弃职责？那样他怎么对得起他的先君桓公呢？他一定不会那样的。'我们靠的就是这个，所以不怕。”齐孝公一听，感到非常惭愧，就打消了进攻的念头，撤兵回国。 狗仗人势 胆小怕事 他仗着父亲是当官的，便有恃无恐，胡作非为。 比喻见闻浅陋，认不出地位高或本领大的人。常用作向对方赔礼道歉，自责礼貌不周或多有冒犯的客套话。 第二回：“太公起身劝了一杯酒，说道：'师父如此高强，必是个教头，小儿有眼不识泰山。'” 第二回讲，北宋哲宗时，高俅凭借自己球踢得好，结识了端王。哲宗死后，端王继位为皇帝，即宋徽宗。随后，高俅即被徽宗重用为殿帅府太尉，执掌起朝廷大权。王进当时正担任京城八十万禁军枪棒教头，但他父亲以前得罪过浪迹街头时的无赖高俅。高俅掌权以后，马上开始报复王进。王进一看情况不妙，设计骗开两个监守的人，带着老母亲连夜逃走，准备投奔延安府老种经略相公。 逃离东京一月有余，一天，眼看离延安不远了，母子两个一高兴，错过了住宿的地方，于是借宿到了九纹龙史进的家里。由于当