Chapter 13 m

椟: wooden box.Also: return.The latter is a metaphor for discarding the basics and chasing the last, and choosing improperly. "Han Feizi Wai Chu Shuo Upper Left": "Chu people sold their pearls to Zheng. They made it a cabinet of Mulan, smoked with cinnamon pepper, decorated with pearls and jade, decorated with roses, and compiled (wanted'扎', continuous) with Yu Cui. The people of Zheng bought their bamboo boxes and returned their pearls, which can be said to be good at selling bamboo boxes, but not good at selling pearls." The king of Chu asked Tian Jiu of the Mohist school: "Mozi is a famous scholar. He can do things by himself, but most of his words are not gorgeous. Why?" All the words are beautiful, but the king only sees its beauty but forgets its usefulness. Mozi's words convey the principles of the former kings, and explain and propagate the doctrines of sages to people. If the words are too beautiful, people may forget their usefulness. If you read its beautiful diction and forget the actual content, you will damage the actual connotation because of the diction.”

In order to illustrate the reason why the actual connotation is damaged by words, Tian Jiu also cited two examples.One of them said: A man from the State of Chu went to the State of Zheng to sell his orbs, made a magnolia box, smoked it with cinnamon, pepper and other spices, adorned it with jewels and jade, decorated it with roses, and decorated it with beautiful Feathers weave it.A man of the state of Zheng bought the box containing the orb and returned it to the man of Chu.This can be called good at selling boxes, but not good at selling orbs!The content is hindered because of too much emphasis on diction, just like the people of Chu who wanted to sell treasures but only sold a casket, and the people of Zheng who should have bought gems but only bought a casket in the end. Essentials.

Skimping He has done a lot of things like this kind of buying a basket to return the pearl, and giving up the root and chasing the end. Mao Sui: Name of person.Self-recommendation: recommend yourself.Used to express self-recommendation on a voluntary basis. "Historical Records Biography of Pingyuan Jun Yuqing": "There is Mao Sui under the door. Before, he praised himself to Pingyuan Jun and said: "Suiwen Jun will join Chu, and about 20 people from the diners will be together, no more than asking. Today If there is one less person, I hope that you will go ahead with the preparation of personnel.'”

Mao Sui was a diner of Zhao Sheng, the prince of Zhao State during the Warring States Period.In the ninth year of King Zhao Xiaocheng (257 BC), the Qin army besieged Handan, and the Zhao State sent Lord Pingyuan to the Chu State for help, and signed an alliance with the Chu State.Mr. Pingyuan agreed to lead 20 diners who are both courageous and resourceful to go together.Mr. Pingyuan searched among the diners under his door, but only selected nineteen people, and thought that the rest were not desirable, and he couldn't make up twenty.At this time, one of the diners named Mao Sui stepped forward and recommended himself to Mr. Pingyuan, saying, "I, Mao Sui, have heard that you are going to sign a joint vertical alliance with the state of Chu to fight against Qin and agree to lead the diners for 20 years." Let’s go together, instead of looking for people outside. There is still one missing, I hope you can make up enough with me and then go.” Mr. Pingyuan disagreed at first, but finally took him away reluctantly.Mao Sui discussed issues with the nineteen people on the road, and when they arrived in Chu State, everyone admired him very much.

When Lord Pingyuan made a covenant with the state of Chu, he negotiated with the king of Chu, but the negotiation could not be concluded from sunrise to noon.Then Mao Sui walked up the steps with his sword, and stated his interests directly. His words made the king of Chu agree repeatedly, and he made up his mind to form an alliance with blood.After Mr. Pingyuan returned to Zhao State, he said ashamedly: "I, Zhao Sheng, never dare to inspect scholars again. I used to inspect scholars, thinking that there would be no mistakes, but for Mr. Mao, I made mistakes and omissions." As soon as Mr. Mao arrived in Chu State, the king of Chu dared not underestimate Zhao State. With his three-inch tongue, he defeated a million troops." From then on, Lord Pingyuan respected Mao Sui as his guest.

Volunteer Recently, the school wanted to recruit a voluntary cleaning and sanitation inspector. I recommended myself and was the first to sign up. Situation: status.Yu: more.It means that when measuring the fatness and thinness of a pig, the closer to the pig's feet, the more it can show whether the pork is really fat or not.Now used to refer to a situation that is getting worse. "Zhuangzi Zhibei Tour": "Zhuangzi said: 'The master's question is not as good as the quality. Zhenghuo's question is also in the supervision and market (xi), and it is getting worse every time.'"

Dong Guozi asked Zhuangzi, "Where does the Tao that people talk about exist?" Zhuangzi said, "The Dao is everywhere." Dongguozi said, "You must point out the specific place." "Among the ants." Dong Guozi said: "Why are you in such a low and humble place?" Zhuangzi said: "In the barnyard grass of the rice field." Dong Guozi said: "Why is it getting lower and lower?" Zhuangzi continued Said: "In the tiles and bricks." Dong Guozi said: "Why is it getting lower and lower?" Zhuangzi finally said: "In the toilet." After hearing this, Dong Guozi stopped talking.Zhuangzi then said: "Your question did not touch the essence of Dao. An official named Huo who managed the market asked the butcher about the fatness and thinness of the pig. Situation. Everything, speech, and way are everywhere, so you can't just look for the 'Tao' in one thing."

Wheel: Tall.Huan: Many.Describe houses and buildings tall, numerous, and magnificent. "Book of Rites: Under the Tan Gong": "Jin Xian Wen Zi married, and Jin Dafu made a fuss. Zhang Lao said: 'It's beautiful, it's beautiful!'" Jin Xianwen's son was named Zhao Wu.The Zhao family became a powerful family in Jin State from the time of Marquis Wen of Jin (780-746 BC).Because of their meritorious service to the Marquis of Jin in the past dynasties, by the time of Zhao Shuai and Zhao Dun's father and son, they had become important ministers specializing in state affairs.In the third year of Jin Jinggong (597 BC), Tu Anjia, the Sikou of Jin State, fabricated crimes and wiped out the Zhao clan.The wife of Zhao Dun's son Zhao Shuo (Jin Chenggong's sister and Jin Jinggong's aunt) hid in the palace while pregnant, and later gave birth to Zhao Wu, who is the famous "Zhao's Orphan" in the drama of later generations.Fifteen years later, with the help of Han Jue, Zhao Wu attacked Tu Anjia, annihilated his family, and avenged him.

Zhao Wu later became Zhengqing of Jin State. When his new house was completed, the doctors of Jin State went to attend the ceremony.Doctor Zhang Lao said: "How beautiful! So tall! How beautiful, so many! From now on, we can offer sacrifices here, hold funerals here, and entertain guests here." Zhao Wu said, "I, Zhao Wu, can Offering sacrifices here, holding funerals here, and entertaining guests here, is to hope that I can survive and be buried with my father and ancestors in Jiuyuan in the future." So Zhao Wu bowed and kowtowed twice to the north.The gentlemen all praised that Mr. Zhang was good at praying, and Zhao Wu was good at praying.At that time, Zhao Wu was not very old when he was restored, so Mr. Zhang expressed his intention of persuasion while praising him. Zhao Wu accepted the persuasion on the spot and prayed.

magnificent A group of high-rise buildings rose from the ground on the former barren beach, beautiful and magnificent. Luo: A net for catching birds.Described as cold and deserted, visitors are very rare. "Historical Records Jizheng Biography": "Shidi Gong was the court captain, and the guests were at the gate; when he was abandoned, a bird could be set up outside the gate." Ji An was a famous minister in the Western Han Dynasty who dared to speak out.He advocates Huang Lao's thinking, likes to be quiet and inactive, and only pays attention to major principles when dealing with political affairs, not demanding details.He sympathizes with the sufferings of the people, is serious, upright and unyielding, and is called "stupid" by the emperor.Ji An repeatedly lost his official position because of his outspoken admonitions, and was respected by the emperor many times because of his ability to uphold principles.Zheng Zhuang was also a famous minister in the Western Han Dynasty. In his early years, he was famous for his righteousness and chivalry. After becoming an official, he respected the virtuous elders, treated guests with humility, and respected and recommended scholars and subordinates, so he was unanimously praised by everyone.

Both Ji An and Zheng Zhuang were once among the nine ministers, they were clean and honest officials with pure and good conduct, but both of them were dismissed midway.After being dismissed from office, because of the poverty of the family, there were few guests under the door.Sima Qian commented on them and said: "For virtuous people like Ji An and Zheng Zhuang, there are ten times more guests than usual when they are powerful, and the opposite is true when they are not powerful, let alone ordinary people. Di Gong of Xiayu County once said this. Words. When Duke Zhai served as court officer, the house was full of guests; when he was removed from office, the door was so deserted that a net could be set up to catch birds. Later, Duke Zhai served as court officer again, and the guests planned to come to his house again. Gong wrote a few big characters on the door of his house, "Only when one is dead and the other is alive can we see the true friendship; only when one is poor and the other is rich can we understand the true state of friendship; only when one is noble and the other is low can their friendship be revealed." 'The same is true for people like Ji An and Zheng Zhuang, this world is really sad." snubbed crowded city Ever since people realized the value of knowledge, many scholars' previously sparsely populated residences have become lively. The front door is like a market.Described as a lot of people, very lively. "Warring States Policy · Qi Policy 1 · Zou Ji has more than eight feet to repair (Zou Ji satirizes the king of Qi to accept advice)": "At the beginning of the order, the officials came in to advise, and the family was like a market. After a few months, they advanced from time to time. Words, no one can enter." Zou Ji was a minister of Qi during the Warring States Period.One day, Zou Ji asked his wife and concubine respectively, who was more beautiful between him and Xu Gong, a beautiful man from Qi State.Both his wife and concubine said: "You are very beautiful, how can Xu Gong compare to you?" The next day, a guest came from outside, Zou Ji asked the guest this question again, and got the same answer. Another day, when Mr. Xu came, Zou Ji looked at him carefully and felt that he was not as beautiful as him; when he looked at himself in the mirror, he felt that he was far less beautiful than Mr. Xu.Thinking about this matter when I went to bed at night, I said: "My wife says I am beautiful because she prefers me; my concubine says I am beautiful because she is afraid of me; the guest says I am beautiful because she wants me." King Wei said: "I do know that I am not as beautiful as Xu Gong. But my wife is partial to me, my concubine is afraid of me, and the guests ask for me, so they all say that I am more beautiful than Xu Gong. Now the state of Qi is thousands of miles away. In one hundred and twenty cities, there is no concubine or courtier in the palace who does not favor you, no minister in the court who does not fear you, and no one in the whole country does not ask for you. From this point of view, the deception you have suffered It's already deep!" King Qi Wei thought he was right.So an order was issued: "Officials, big and small, and the people of the whole country, who can accuse me of my faults in person, will receive top rewards; The ones in my ears receive the lower rewards." When the order was just issued, many ministers came to advise, and the courtyard in front of the gate was like a market.A few months later, there were occasional remonstrances from time to time.A year later, even if someone wants to speak out, there is nothing left to say.When Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei and other countries heard about this, they all came to Qi to have an audience.This is the so-called victory over other countries at court. When others are lonely because of frustration, if you go to be his friend, he will be grateful; Chat: rely on, rely on.It means that the people have nothing to rely on and can no longer live. "Historical Records: Biography of Zhang Er and Chen Yu": "When the common people stop working, their heads will be collected for military expenses. When the money is exhausted, the people will have no means of living." Lord Chunshen, a native of Chu State, surnamed Huang and named Xie, was known as the Four Princes of the Warring States Period together with Lord Pingyuan, Lord Mengchang, and Lord Xinling.Lord Chunshen saw that King Huai of Chu was deceived into Qin State, was imprisoned, and died in a foreign land. The successor King Qingxiang of Chu was despised by Qin State; The Qin Congress sent troops to destroy Chu, and wrote a letter to King Qin Zhao, hoping that Qin and Chu would unite and destroy Han and Wei together.He wrote in the letter: There is no country in the world more powerful than Qin and Chu.Now it is heard that the king wants to attack the state of Chu, it is like two tigers fighting each other.As a result of the two tigers fighting each other, even bad horses and puppies will take advantage of their disadvantages.Therefore, it is better to treat Chu State kindly.Now Your Majesty believes that South Korea and Wei will treat you kindly, just as Wu believes in Yue.I have heard that the enemy cannot be tolerant, and the opportunity cannot be missed.I am worried that South Korea and Wei Guo use humble words to eliminate their own scourges, but they are actually trying to deceive you.why?Your Majesty has no lifelong favors to South Korea and Wei, but has many generations of grudges.The father, brother and son of South Korea and Wei State have died in the hands of Qin State one after another, and it has been nearly ten generations.Their country was dilapidated, the society was ruined, and the ancestral temple was destroyed; the people were disemboweled, their necks were broken, their heads were separated, their bones were exposed in the grass and water, and their heads rolled to the ground; Their necks were tied and their hands were bound; their ghosts and gods were lonely and sad because no one offered sacrifices to them;Therefore, if South Korea and Wei are not destroyed, it is the worry of Qin.Now, my lord, you are using them to attack the state of Chu, I am afraid there is a problem! Yin Guofu The social and economic development of some developing countries is seriously lagging behind, causing people to live in dire straits and displaced. In the Spring and Autumn Period, when the Chu army was marching, if the outpost encountered the enemy, they would raise thatch as a warning.The metaphors are listed first. "Zuo Zhuan Xuangong Twelve Years": "Ao is the governor, chooses the decree of the Chu State, marches in the army, moves to the right, chases the production from the left, cares about nothing in the front, holds power in the middle, and has stamina." During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Zheng was sandwiched between the State of Jin and the State of Chu, attached to Jin for a while, and attached to Chu for a while. Jin and Chu often had wars because of Zheng.In the spring of 597 BC, Chu State sent troops to Zheng State and occupied the capital of Zheng State.Zheng Xianggong, the king of the state of Zheng, took off the clothes of the king, led the sheep to meet the king of Chuzhuang, and apologized to the king of Chuzhuang.After sending Ziliang to act as a hostage, the Chu army retreated to make peace. In the summer of June, the army of the state of Jin went to rescue the state of Zheng.Just after arriving at the Yellow River, Xun Linfu, the commander of the Jin army, heard that Zheng State had made peace with Chu State, so he planned to go back, saying: "It is too late to send troops now, it is better to wait for the Chu army to return and then send troops to attack Zheng." Hui agreed with Xun Linfu's opinion, and further analyzed: "Chu State regards Sun Shuao as Ling Yin (equivalent to prime minister), and implements Chu State's good laws. Make preparations for rest with grass, the front army uses thatch as a flag to open the way in case of emergency, the middle army makes plans carefully, and the rear army uses elite soldiers to lead the formation. Officers at all levels take actions according to the instructions of the flags, and military and political affairs can be prepared without waiting for the command of the commander. Therefore, they have absorbed the ancient war experience well and have certain advantages. In the view of the Scholars Association, Chu State is internally stable and its troops are well-trained, so they cannot compete with it. Regrettably, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Central Army of the Jin Army, Xian He, did not listen to orders and was self-willed, leading his troops across the river alone to invite battle.Xun Lin's father was worried that he would have to bear the responsibility if he failed first, so he had to order the whole army to cross the river and station in Bidi.So Jin and Chu fought the Battle of Bi, one of the four major battles in the Spring and Autumn Period.In this war, due to the hesitation of the Jin army coach, he was unprepared before the battle, resulting in a great defeat.After the war, the Jin State lost its decades-long hegemony, and the Chu State became the new hegemon of the Central Plains. dominate Sun Shan Every time he took the exam, Zhang Yihang ranked among the best and was deeply loved by the teacher. Falling: falling behind.Sun Shan: Name of person.This refers to the ranking behind Sun Shan in the exam.Now it mostly means that you failed in the exam or selection. Song Fan Gong's "Guo Ting Lu": "Sun Shan is the only one who knows his name, and the virtuous man is outside Sun Shan." There is a scholar in Wudi, surnamed Sun Mingshan, whose speech is very funny and interesting, and he is considered a talented person in Wuzhong.Once, when Sun Shan went to other places to take the imperial examination, a fellow villager asked him to take his son with him.After the exam results came out, Sun Shan passed the exam, but the son of his fellow countryman failed and did not pass the exam.However, Sun Shan did not do well in the exam, and his name was listed at the last place on the gold list.Sun Shan returned first, and met the fellow countryman, who asked, "How is my son doing in the exam?" Sun Shan said, "The name on the list ends with Sun Shan, and your son's name is even after Sun Shan." No name on the list Gold list title Due to insufficient preparation, Xiao Wang failed in last year's exam.This year, he worked hard and went all out, and finally won the gold list and realized his dream. This refers to the proper name or name, and it is logical and reasonable when speaking.Now it is often used to refer to the legitimate and sufficient reasons for doing things. "The Analects of Confucius Zilu": "If the name is not correct, the words will not be smooth; if the words are not smooth, nothing will be done." Zilu, a student of Confucius, asked Confucius: "The king of Wei is waiting for you to govern the country. Where do you plan to start?" Confucius said: "It is necessary to rectify the name first, and first determine the correct name of the thing." Zilu said: "Is this necessary? Teacher, you have gone too far! What are you doing to rectify the name?" Confucius said: "You are so reckless! A gentleman treats himself If you don't know what you don't know, you don't express your opinion. If you don't know the name, you can't speak properly; if you don't speak well, you can't get things done; If the punishment is not appropriate, the people will not know how to do it well. Therefore, when a gentleman names something, there must be a basis for naming it, there must be a reason to say it, and after he says it, he will be able to implement it. If so, it cannot be sloppy at all.” During the Spring and Autumn Period, society was undergoing great changes and turmoil. At that time, not only were there a large number of new things that needed to be understood, generalized, and regulated, but also because of the feudal hegemony and separatism, the same thing had different interpretations and needed to be adjusted and regulated.The reason why Confucius believed that governing state affairs should start with "rectification of names" was because in his mind "contradictory names with reality" was the essential cause of social chaos at that time. Criticizing unhealthy trends is a legitimate thing, and you don't have to hide your head and show your tail. Tomorrow: Tomorrow.Yellow flower: chrysanthemum.The ancients mostly admired chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. On the second day after the Double Ninth Festival, no one would appreciate the chrysanthemums no matter how well they bloomed.Later used as a metaphor for outdated things. Song Su Shi's "Nine Days of Rhyme Wang Gong": "You don't have to go back when you meet, and the yellow flowers and butterflies will worry about tomorrow." Tomorrow, yellow flowers and butterflies are also worried." Su Shi and Wang Gong were both famous writers, calligraphers and painters in the Northern Song Dynasty. They competed in poetry and painting and were good friends.In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078 A.D.), when Su Shi was the prefect of Xuzhou, he wrote an echo poem "Nine Days Ciyun Wang Gong" to Wang Gong.The second rhyme Wang Gong is to use the rhyme used in the poems written by Wang Gong to him to make a poem in response.This poem is like this: "I am drunk and want to sleep, and I will give up. I have taught and worked in Qingzhou. Tanshuang spared me three thousand feet, and the rhythm of poetry is one hundred chips. I heard that Dao Langjun closed the East Pavilion, and let me go to the south tower. Meet again Don’t go back in a hurry, and the yellow flowers and butterflies will worry about it tomorrow.” The last sentence in the poem says, we are lucky to meet each other on the Double Ninth Festival today, and in this beautiful festival, we should drink wine and enjoy the chrysanthemum to our heart’s content, instead of going home in a hurry .Because this beautiful chrysanthemum blooms for the appreciation of the Double Ninth Festival. If you don’t appreciate it today, tomorrow the chrysanthemum will become outdated, and even butterflies will have no interest in it.Chrysanthemums are to the Double Ninth Festival, just like moon cakes are to the Mid-Autumn Festival. They are very popular before the festival, but few people care about them after the festival. If you don’t understand this meaning in the poem, you may change "yellow flowers of tomorrow" into "yellow flowers of yesterday" and cause trouble. Make a joke. Ethnic music originates from the masses and has a strong popular base, so it is by no means a thing of the past. Ding: Refers to simple words.Describe a person who is illiterate or uneducated. "Old Book of Tang Zhang Hongjing Biography": "There is nothing to do today. If you can hold two stone bows, it is better to know one T-character." Zhang Hongjing, the governor of Youzhou in the Tang Dynasty, was born in a wealthy family. When he first took office in Youzhou, he didn't understand the customs and customs, and couldn't get along well with the people and soldiers.He has two cronies under him, one named Wei Yong and the other Zhang Zonghou. They are frivolous and reckless, like to drink too much, and often go home after getting drunk in the middle of the night, and the streets are full of torches and bright lights along the way. , making the whole city restless.Wei Yong and others often scolded the officials under him, calling them "anti-captives".They cursed at their soldiers and said: "Now the world is peaceful, even if you people can draw a strong bow with two stones, it is better to know the simplest word 'D'." Later, because Zhang Hongjing withheld imperial rewards, the soldiers rebelled and imprisoned Zhang Hongjing; captured Wei Yong, Zhang Zonghou, and their kind, and beheaded them all.After the rebellion, the imperial court sent another person to serve as the Jiedu envoy of Youzhou, and demoted Zhang Hongjing to Fuzhou governor. unlettered learning rich five cars In the past, many people had never read a book, were illiterate, and could not even write their own names. Mu monkey: macaque.Macaque wears a hat.It is a metaphor that although the appearance is well-dressed, the essence cannot be concealed. "Historical Records Xiang Yu Benji": "It is said that Chu people wear monkeys and crown their ears, as expected." Soon after the Hongmen Banquet, Xiang Yu led his troops westward into Xianyang Tucheng, killed the Qin Prince Ying who had surrendered, and set fire to the palace of the Qin Dynasty. The fire lasted for three months; , leave east.Some people persuaded Xiang Yu: "The Guanzhong area is surrounded by great rivers and high mountains, surrounded by fortresses, and the land is fertile. It can be established as a capital and dominate." Said: "If you are rich and honored, if you don't go back to your hometown, it's like walking in the dark wearing embroidered clothes. Who can see it?" I saw it today, and it really is." Xiang Yu was furious after hearing this, and boiled the lobbyist to death. sanctimonious Consistent Around us, it is not uncommon to see people who are worse than Jia Zheng and who are strictly speaking nothing.