Chapter 10 J

This means imitating the crowing of a rooster and pretending to be a dog to steal.It is now mostly used to describe low and despicable behavior. "Historical Records Biography of Meng Changjun": "The person sitting at the bottom who can be a dog thief said: 'The minister can get the fox white fur. Dedicated to King Xingji of the Qin Dynasty...the one who sits in the guest's residence can make a rooster crow, and when the rooster crows together, it spreads the word." Meng Changjun Tianwen is the clan minister of Qi State and one of the four sons of the Warring States Period.In the twenty-fifth year of King Qi (299 BC), King Qi sent Meng Changjun as an envoy to Qin.King Qin Zhao followed the minister's advice and imprisoned Meng Changjun, intending to kill him.Jun Mengchang tried to send someone to see King Qin Zhao's favorite concubine and ask her for help.The favorite concubine said: "I want to get Lord Mengchang's white fur robe." Unfortunately, Lord Mengchang's unparalleled robe had already been dedicated to King Qin Zhao when he first arrived in Qin.Mr. Mengchang was very worried about this. He asked all the diners, but no one could come up with a countermeasure.At this time, a doorman sitting at the back, who is usually good at pretending to be a dog to steal, said: "I can get this robe." That white fur robe was dedicated to King Qin's favorite concubine.The beloved concubine interceded for Lord Mengchang, and King Qin Zhao released Lord Mengchang.

After Meng Changjun was freed, he drove away from Qin immediately.After a while, King Qin Zhao regretted letting go of Lord Mengchang, and immediately sent someone to chase him.Mr. Mengchang traveled all night and night, and arrived at Hangu Pass in the middle of the night.At that time, the customs law stipulated that the guests could be released after the cock crowed.Mr. Mengchang was afraid of the pursuers coming. At this time, there was a low-ranking person among the diners who could imitate the crowing of chickens. When he crowed, many chickens crowed together. So Mr. Mengchang handed in the certificate of exit for inspection before leaving the customs.They just had a meal after leaving the customs, and the pursuers arrived.Meng Changjun fled back to Qi State by relying on the thieves.

This guy is ignorant, and the friends he makes are all thieves. Strong Wall: Fortified fortifications.Clear Field: Clear all kinds of facilities in the field.Refers to a strategy in defensive operations, often by transferring or hiding population and materials, clearing various facilities in the field that can be used by the enemy, so that the enemy has nothing to gain. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty Xun Yu Biography": "Fortify the walls and clear the fields to wait for the general. The general will not be able to attack and plunder without gaining anything. Within ten days, a hundred thousand people will be trapped without fighting."

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, various forces attacked each other, and the world was in chaos.After the death of Mu Taoqian in Xuzhou, Cao Cao wanted to attack Xuzhou immediately, and then returned to pacify Lu Bu.Xun Yu, Cao Cao's counselor, dissuaded him: "In the past, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu first consolidated the foundation and then controlled the world. Now, general, you should take Yanzhou as the foundation. If you leave here and go eastward, it may not be of any use. Advantages. If you leave more troops in the rear, the front will be too weak to defeat the enemy; if you leave less troops and the rear cannot be consolidated, if Lu Bu invades by chance, you will lose your foothold. Besides, you have attacked Xuzhou before, Punishment is there, and the people there still remember the shame of their father and brother being killed. Everyone must stand firm, so even if you attack it, it will be difficult to hold it. If they unite out of fear, support each other, strengthen the barriers, and clear all the fields in the countryside. If you attack, you won’t be able to defeat them, and if you plunder, you won’t gain anything. In less than ten days, the 100,000 troops will be passive before they engage in battle. I hope you will think about it.”

Cao Cao listened to Xun Yu's suggestion, vigorously snatched the newly ripe wheat, and then fought with Lu Bu first.After Lu Bu was defeated, he took the opportunity to pacify the counties and occupy Yanzhou, creating a reliable base for himself. The family has been fortified and cleared, and there are still a few acres of land. If the reactionaries want it, let them carry it away. Seeing self-interest, forgetting morality. "Hanshu Li Shang Chuan Zan": "When Xiaowen was filial, the world regarded Li Ji as a friend. A husband who sells friends is said to forget his righteousness for profit."

Li Shang was a brave general when Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, pacified the world.After Liu Bang's death, Li Shang continued to serve Emperor Hui of Han and Empress Dowager Lu.After the death of the Empress Dowager Lu, members of the Lu family planned to rebel, and the ministers planned to kill the Lu family.At that time, Lu Lu, an important figure of the Lu family, served as the leader of the Northern Army of the Beijing garrison and was stationed in the camp, so the ministers could not control the Northern Army.Taiwei Zhou Bo sent people to kidnap Li Shang and ordered his son Li Ji to deceive Lu Lu, because Li Ji and Lu Lu had a very good relationship.Lu Lu believed Li Ji's words and went out to play with him, so that Zhou Bo was able to enter the northern army barracks, and then control the army, killing the Lu family.At that time, people all over the world said that Li Zi had betrayed his friends.

Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty did not agree with this view. After writing the biography of Li Shang and his son, he commented: "During the time of Emperor Xiaowen, people in the world believed that Li Ji betrayed his friends. The so-called betraying friends refers to seeing profit. Forgetting righteousness. Like Li Ji’s father, who was a hero of the Han family and was hijacked at the same time. Although Li Ji’s actions harmed Lu Lu, they stabilized the country and preserved the way of monarchs and ministers and the way of father and son. This is understandable. .” Fainted See Li Siyi

Lu Bu is a warrior of the Three Kingdoms, but his fellow countrymen think that he is brave and foolish, and he forgets righteousness when he sees profit. Move: change.It means changing your mind when you see something else.Describe the will is not firm, love is not specific. "Guanzi·Xiao Kuang": "If you are less, you will practice it, and your mind will be at ease. If you don't see foreign objects, you will move." During the Spring and Autumn Period, after Duke Huan of Qi succeeded to the throne, he appointed Uncle Bao as prime minister, but Uncle Bao thought that Guan Zhong was more suitable than himself, so he resolutely abdicated to Guan Zhong.So Duke Huan of Qi went to the suburbs to meet Guan Zhong in person, and asked him how to govern a country that was in ruins and was waiting for prosperity.Guan Zhong believed that we should first set an example for the people, formulate reasonable and consistent taxation, and make the government and the people harmonious, with strict rewards and punishments, and orderly respect and inferiority.Duke Huan asked again, "How can the people's careers be achieved?" Guan Zhong said, "As for the four types of people, scholars, farmers, businessmen, and businessmen, they cannot be mixed together. If they live together, their languages ​​will be mixed, and their occupations will also change. Specifically, it is to arrange the scholars in a quiet place, the workers in a place close to the government, the merchants in a place close to the market, and the peasants in a place close to the fields."

Guan Zhong said: "When the scholars gather together and live in a quiet place, fathers will discuss righteousness with fathers, sons will discuss filial piety with sons, and those who serve the monarch will discuss respect. The way of friendship, young people talk about the way of friendship together. People are influenced by these things when they are young, and their hearts are content with these, and they will not change their minds when they see other industries. In this way, the education of fathers and brothers does not have to be Eager but able to teach well, the students don’t have to be tired to study but can succeed in their studies, and the result is that the son of a scholar is always a scholar.” For the other three types of farmers, businessmen, and businessmen, Guan Zhong also adopted the method of concentrating residence, so that their hearts can be at ease. The profession you are engaged in will not change careers because you see other industries.Guan Zhong then formulated various systems of the country, making Qi on the road to a strong country, and finally became the overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period.

Go from place to place wholeheartedly Thinking differently and not being dedicated are taboos in scientific research and professional technical work. Jiang Lang: Jiang Yan of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties.Originally, Jiang Yan had few literary names, but in his later years, there were no good lines in his poems.Later, it is often used as a metaphor for exhaustion of talents or exhaustion of abilities. In the volume of "Poetry" by Liang Zhongrong of the Southern Dynasty: "Yan explored his arms and got a five-color pen to teach it. Afterwards, he wrote poems, no longer idioms, so it is said that 'Jiang Yan is exhausted'."

Jiang Yan was a native of the Southern Dynasties during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He served in Song, Qi, and Liang dynasties in the Southern Dynasties.But Jiang Yan is more famous for his literary talent.Jiang Yan was able to compose at the age of six. He was a master of Ci Fu in the Southern Dynasties. He was also known as Bao Zhao.Jiang Yan was also a master of parallel prose in the Southern Dynasties, and one of the most accomplished writers in parallel prose in the Southern Dynasties. He was as famous as Bao Zhao, Liu Jun and Xu Ling.Jiang Yan's most famous parallel prose is the "Book of the King of Jianping" written by him in prison to Liu Jingsu, the king of Jianping.This article is provocative, neither humble nor overbearing, and the true feelings flow between the lines.Jianping Wang Liu Jingsu was deeply moved after seeing it, and immediately released him.Jiang Yan's official career was not smooth in his early years, and his rough experience brought up his literary achievements.After middle age, Jiang Yan's official career was prosperous, and the rich and comfortable environment made him less talented.In the late Yongming period of Emperor Wu of Qi, he seldom produced excellent works, so people called him "exhausted talent". Zhong Rong of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties once recorded a legend about the exhaustion of Jiang Lang's talents in the volume of "Poetry".At the beginning, when Jiang Yan returned home from his post in Xuancheng County, he lived in Yeting at night and dreamed of a handsome man who called himself Guo Pu and said to him: "I have had a pen with you for many years. You can return it to me." Jiang Yan reached into his bosom, took out a five-color pen and returned it to Guo Pu.From then on, Jiang Yan wrote poems, but he couldn't write good sentences anymore.Therefore, it is said in the world that "Jiang Yan is exhausted". A diligent and studious writer will never exhaust his talents. This finger is badly burned by fire.Now it is often used as a metaphor for a very embarrassing or embarrassing situation. "Han Shu·Huo Guang Biography": "To discuss the merits and invite guests today, Qu Tu moved his salary and died, and (commonly referred to as 'Jiao', burnt) is the honorable guest?" When Huo Guang, a power official in the Western Han Dynasty, was in his prime, he lived a very luxurious life.Xu Fu of Maoling thought: "The Huo family will definitely perish. Because once arrogant, they will not be obedient, and if they are not obedient, they will definitely offend the emperor. Offending the emperor is treason. People who are superior to others will definitely be hated by everyone. Huo Huo has been in power for a long time, and there are many people who hate him. People in the world hate them, and they go against the law. When will they not perish?" So he wrote a letter to the emperor saying: "Huo is too powerful, your majesty Even if you love them dearly, you should always exercise restraint and not let them go down the path of destruction." He wrote three times, but the emperor only replied, "Understood." Later, the Huo family was executed, and everyone who reported on the Huo family was rewarded, but Xu Fu did not.So someone wrote a letter for him and said: "My lord, I heard that a guest visited the master and saw that the chimney of the master's stove was straight, and there were firewood piled beside it. The guest suggested to the master to change it into a curved chimney. Move the firewood farther away, otherwise there will be a fire. The master kept silent and did not agree. Soon the master’s house caught fire, and the neighbors came to rescue them, but luckily it was extinguished. So the master rewarded his neighbors by killing cattle and drinking The person who was burned during the fire fighting was arranged in the upper seat, and the others were seated in order according to their contribution, but there was no one who suggested changing the chimney. Someone said to the host: "If you listened to the guests at the beginning, why would you need today's chimney?" Expenses? And there's never been a fire! Now, how come the man who suggested changing the crooked chimney and removing the firewood didn't get paid, and the burnt-out man became the first class guest?' Only then did the master wake up and invite that guest. Now Xu Fu of Maoling has written several times saying that there will be changes in the Huo family, and he should take precautions. If Xu Fu’s suggestion had been adopted, the country would not have the cost of cede land and title. Ministers will not have the danger of rebellion and execution." The emperor adopted this suggestion, rewarded Xu Fu with property, and later let him hold an official position in the court. Grass Knot: Weaving straw rope.Title ring: title to Yuhuan.Both of them originated from the story of being grateful and repaying kindness. Later, "knotting the grass to hold the ring" was used to express gratitude to the other party's kindness and try to repay it. "Zuo Zhuan Xuangong Fifteen Years": "As for the battle of the Fu family, I saw the old man, and the weeds were used to suppress Du Hui, and Du Hui stumbled and fell, so I got it." "Qi Xie Ji": "In the night, a boy in yellow clothes bowed to the treasure again and said: 'My Queen Mother of the West is the messenger, the king is benevolent and loves to save and save, and the real feeling is to help. Things should be like this.'” During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wei Wuzi had a concubine, but no sons.When Wei Wuzi was ill, he said to Wei Ke, one of his sons who was already a doctor of Jin, "If I die, let my beloved concubine remarry." After a while, Wei Wuzi became very ill, and said: "When I die, let this concubine be buried with me." After Wei Wuzi died, Wei Ke remarried this concubine, and said: "When the disease is serious, the mind will be confused. Entrusted to do things.” Later, Wei Ke led the army to fight against Qin.During the battle, Wei Ke saw an old man tripping Qin's general Du Hui with a braided straw rope.Du Hui was tripped and Wei Ke captured him.At night, Wei Ke dreamed of the old man, and he said, "I am the father of the woman you remarried. You obeyed your father's order when he was awake, and did not let my daughter be buried. I therefore repay your kindness." Yang Bao, the father of Yang Zhen in the Eastern Han Dynasty, went to the north of Huayin Mountain when he was nine years old. He saw a squirrel being attacked by an owl, fell to the bottom of a tree, and was surrounded by ants.Yang Bao took it home, put it in a small box, and fed it yellow flowers.After more than a hundred days, the oriole's feathers grew well, and it flew away.That night, a child in yellow came to thank Yang Bao and said, "I am the envoy of the Queen Mother of the West. You are kind-hearted and helpful. We are very grateful for your relief." He gave Yang Bao four white jade rings, and Said: "I hope your descendants will be pure and clean, and they will be among the three princes in the future, just like Yuhuan." Yang Zhen later became Situ and Taiwei of Emperor Han'an. In the end, it will be famous in history and will last forever. Superstitious people say that after death, the soul attaches to the corpse of another person and resurrects.The post metaphor reappears under the guise of other names such as things, forces, and ideas that have declined or died. Yuan·Yue Bochuan's "Tieguai Li·Wedge": "Yue Shou, who would have thought that your wife burned your corpse, and now I want you to use the corpse to revive your soul. The corpse is Xiao Litu, and the soul is Yue Shou." A Zaju by Yue Bochuan in the Yuan Dynasty, about Kongmu (a senior official in the yamen) Yue Shou in Zhengzhou in the Song Dynasty died of panic because of offending the powerful.Because when he was an official, he accused black and white, twisted and straight, and did a lot of bad things, so he will be forked into a frying pan in the underworld.Lu Dongbin went to intercede, and promised to save him from resurrection and accept him as an apprentice.But just after Yue Shou died, his body was cremated by his wife.At this time, a lame butcher surnamed Li died of illness in another area. Lu Dongbin asked Yue Shou's ghost to come back to life through the body of the lame butcher Li.Li Tuhu was resurrected suddenly, but his soul had been replaced by Yue Shou's, so the resurrected Li Tuhu was like a person who had completely lost his memory, and did not know his relatives around him at all, so many jokes were made.In the play, Lu Dongbin said: "Yue Shou, who would have thought that your wife cremated your body. Now I will let you use the body to bring back your soul. The body belongs to Xiao Li Tu, and the soul belongs to Yue Shou." resurgence Cut the weeds Rotten old ideas often come back from the dead, and we should be vigilant. Golden Cicada: The good name of cicada.Cicadas shed their previous shells when they become adults.Later, it is used as a metaphor to create or use false appearances while the other party is not aware of it for the time being, and take the opportunity to escape. Yuan · Ma Zhiyuan's "Ren Fengzi" fourth chapter: "God, when will I be able to escape the golden cicada's shell?" The play "Ren Fengzi" by Ma Zhiyuan, a famous playwright in the Yuan Dynasty, tells the story of Ren Fengzi, a butcher who was transformed into Yangdu by the immortal Ma Dan.The real person Ma Danyang watched Qi at night and learned that there was a butcher named Ren in Ganhe Town, Zhongnan Mountain.Ma Danyang plans to teach the whole town to cut off meat and vegetables first, so as to force the butchers to fail in their business, and then guide Ren Fengzi into Taoism when he comes to retaliate.Later, Ren Fengzi did exactly that. He came to the cottage with a knife and wanted to kill Ma Danyang, but was killed by Ma Danyang's Dharma protector instead.He asked Ma Danyang for the head, and Ma Danyang let him touch it, but the head was still on his body, so he suddenly woke up and voluntarily became a monk with the real person.Ma Danyang ordered him to carry water to irrigate the vegetable garden, chant scriptures and practice Taoism. His wife came to him with the child, but he fell to death in the vegetable garden and abandoned his wife.Ma Danyang sees that his meritorious deeds are approaching, and intends to make him see the truth of the mundane affairs again, and then extradite him to return to the right way.So he turned the child he fell to death to kill him. When the child asked him to hand over his head, Ren Fengzi said, "God, when will I be able to get out of my shell?" The fetters of wealth, energy, people, ego, right and wrong to practice have achieved a positive result. cheating catch a turtle in a urn By the time the police surrounded the gangster's nest, the gangsters had already slipped away with a trick to escape. The water flow of the Jing River is clear, and the water flow of the Wei River is turbid. At the junction of the two rivers, the water flow is still clear and clear, without mixing.Later, it is used as a metaphor for good and bad, right and wrong, etc. It is very clear. "The Book of Songs·Bei Feng·Gu Feng": "The Jing is turbid, but it is the same. The banquet is new and dark, and I don't disdain it. Don't die to me, don't send me. I don't read it, let alone pity my queen. " "Gu Feng" in "Gu Feng" is a folk song in Beidi. It narrates a woman's painful feelings of being abused and abandoned by her husband who loves the new and dislikes the old.The third paragraph in it says: "The Jing River is muddy because of the Wei River, but at the junction of the two rivers, the turbidity is still clear. You are very happy in your wedding, but you don't care about me. Don't go near the fish I catch Liang (a facility that crosses the water with earth and rocks and intercepts the water flow for fishing), don't take away the fish reel I put on the fish beam. Alas! In fact, I have been driven away and I can't stay here. How can I have time to think about it? Other things." The abandoned woman compared herself to the clear Jingshui, and the woman who occupied the magpie's nest to the muddy Weishui, expressing her misfortune and painful feelings. Gambling is not entertainment, entertainment cannot be gambling, and there is a clear distinction between the two. It originally refers to a bird that has been injured by an arrow and was frightened and fallen when it heard the sound of a bowstring.It is a metaphor for people who have been frightened before and will be frightened when they encounter similar situations. "Warring States Policy Chu Policy Four": "The world is united. Zhao sent Wei Jia to see Chu Chunshen Jun and said: "Is there a general?" "When I was young, I was good at shooting. I would like to use shooting as an example. Is it okay?" Chunshen Jun said: "Yes." Jia said: "For those who live in different days, let's stay with the king of Wei under the Beijing platform and look up at the birds." Geng Lei said, King Wei said: "The minister is the king, leading the bow and shooting down the bird." Wei Wang said: "But can you shoot to this point?" Send it down. The king of Wei said: "How can the shot reach this far?" Geng Lei said: "This is evil." The king said: "How do you know it?" Sores are painful; those who cry out for sorrow have lost their group for a long time, so the sores have not subsided, and the shock has not gone away. Hearing the sound of the strings, they are attracted and fly high, so the sores are also falling. Now I am facing Wu Jun. I have tasted the evil of Qin, and I can’t do it. The general who rejects Qin.'" "Warring States Policy · Chu Policy Four" records that during the Warring States Period, the six countries of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, and Wei jointly fought against Qin.The State of Zhao sent Wei Jia to meet Lord Chunshen of the State of Chu, and asked: "Have you considered the candidate for the general?" Chunshen said: "We have considered it, and we plan to make Linwu Lord the general." Wei Jia felt uncomfortable. Well, he said: "I liked archery when I was young. I hope to use archery as a metaphor for this matter. Is that okay?" Chun Shenjun said: "Of course." Staying under a high platform, he looked up and saw the birds in the sky. Geng Lei said to the king of Wei, "I can shoot the birds in the sky for you just by pulling the empty string and not shooting the arrow." The king of Wei said, "According to your words." Can arrows reach this state? Geng Lei said: "Of course." After a while, a wild goose flew over from the east, and Geng Lei shot it down just by pulling the empty string. Wei Wang exclaimed "In this way, archery is really so magical?" Geng Lei said, "That's not true, it's just a wild goose injured by an arrow." King Wei said, "How do you know it was injured?" Geng Lei said Lei replied: "It flies slowly and makes a sad cry. The slow flight is because of the pain of the wound; the sad sound is because it has been lost for a long time. The wound has not healed, and the shock has not subsided. When you hear the sound of the bowstring, you will flutter your wings and fly high, and the wound will burst and fall down.'Now this Lord Linwu has suffered many defeats when he fought against Qin. Commander." The frog at the bottom of the well is limited by the place where he lives, has limited knowledge and is arrogant.Later, it is used as a metaphor for people with narrow knowledge and short-sightedness. "Zhuangzi Qiushui": "The well frog can't speak to the sea, it's stuck in the void." In "Zhuangzi·Autumn Waters", Zhuangzi fabricated a dialogue between Hebo, the god of the Yellow River, and Ruo, the sea god.At that time, it was the season of abundant autumn water. The autumn rains fell continuously, and thousands of rivers poured into the Yellow River, which made the water flow of the Yellow River increase. Even the cattle and horses could not be distinguished clearly when looking at each other between the two banks and the small islands in the river. .So the God of the Yellow River floated up happily, thinking that all the magnificent scenes in the world were concentrated on him.He travels eastward along the current and reaches the Bohai Sea. Looking eastward, there is an endless border without water.So the God of the River changed his self-satisfied expression, raised his head to the God of the Sea, and sighed, "As the saying goes: 'After hearing many truths, I think that no one can match myself.' This kind of person is talking about me. Ah." Poseidon said, "The frog in the well cannot talk about the sea, because it is limited by the place where it lives; the worm that only lives for one summer cannot talk about ice, because it is limited by the time it lives in. People with short-sightedness can’t talk to him about big things, because he is limited by his own education. Now that you have stepped out of the siege on both sides of the strait and seen the boundless ocean, and you know your own shallowness, you can talk about big things with you.” Why can't we talk about the truth with the well frog?It is because it is limited by the environment in which it lives.In order to illustrate this point, Zhuangzi made a fictional conversation between the well frog and the soft-shelled turtle of the East China Sea.The well frog said to the soft-shelled turtle in the East China Sea: "Look how happy I am! When I am happy, I jump on the well fence and then jump back into the well; when I am tired, I rest in the gap on the well wall; Living in the armpits and under the cheeks; when walking, the soft mud overflows the insteps. Looking around at the shrimps, crabs and tadpoles, no one can do it like me. And the fun of jumping and enjoying a well of water is exclusive. It has reached the extreme, why don't you come in and watch it often?" The soft-shelled turtle of the East China Sea heard these words and planned to go in and have a look.But before the left foot stepped in, the right knee was already caught.So it backed up quickly and told Jingwa about the sea: "Thousands of miles are not enough to describe its width, and thousands of feet are not enough to describe its depth. During the time of Yu Dayu, the water rose nine times in ten years, but the sea It will not overflow due to rising water; in Shang Dynasty, seven droughts occurred in eight years, but the water level of the sea did not decrease. The sea will not increase or decrease due to the long time and the amount of rainfall. This is the largest in the East China Sea. Fun." Hearing this, the well frog was amazed and at a loss. A hair from the body of nine cows.The metaphor is extremely small, insignificant. Han Sima Qian's "Letter to Ren Shaoqing": "If a servant is punished if he is falsely ordered to obey the law, if nine cows perish, how is it different from an ant?" Sima Qian, born in the Western Han Dynasty, is a great historian and writer in our country.The "Historical Records" written by him is China's first biographical general history, and it is called "the swan song of the historian, the Li Sao without rhyme". In the second year of the Tianhan Dynasty (99 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Li Ling, the grandson of Li Guang, a famous general of the Western Han Dynasty, to conquer the Xiongnu.Li Ling led 5,000 infantry and fought against the Xiongnu, killing countless enemies.The Xiongnu mobilized soldiers from all over the country to block them layer by layer. Li Ling fought and retreated, but was finally besieged in the valley due to the disparity in strength and lack of weapons.Because no rescuers came, Li Ling was finally defeated and surrendered, and his entire army was wiped out. At that time, the imperial court criticized Li Ling's surrender, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked Sima Qian for his opinion on this incident.Sima Qian stated the truth and defended Li Ling, but unexpectedly offended Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was castrated.At this time, Ren An was sentenced to death by beheading because of his involvement in the court struggle.He wrote to Sima Qian, hoping to help him speak well in front of the emperor.Sima Qian replied with a letter, which is the famous "Letter to Ren Shaoqing".In this letter full of passion and blood and tears, Sima Qian narrated the whole process of being thrown into prison and being tortured, as well as his identity, situation and feelings.He not only explained his inability to help because of his low status and low status, but also explained the reason why he was still alive after being castrated.It said that I have no money, no background, no status, and I am the object of the emperor's breeding and teasing. If I receive the death penalty and die, it will be like losing a hair on the body of nine cows, and my life is as humble as an ant.The reason why I chose to use palace punishment instead of death penalty (the law of the Han Dynasty stipulated that death row prisoners can choose to pay money for atonement, or choose to use castration instead) is because the "Historical Records" has not yet been written, so I can only bear the humiliation and live on.