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Chapter 37 Ming Taizu - Zhu Yuanzhang

Appreciation Dictionary of Emperors' Poetry in Past Dynasties 陈贻焮 5373Words 2018-03-20

Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398), courtesy name Guorui, was born in Zhongli, Haozhou (now east of Fengyang County, Anhui).Born in poverty, he once joined a monastery as a monk.At the end of Yuan Dynasty, he joined the uprising army led by Guo Zixing.He was brave in battle, and after Guo died, he commanded his army.He continued to grow his military power, wiped out the separatist forces in the south, and took the Central Plains in the north. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, established Yingtianfu (now Nanjing) as his capital, and named Ming as the founding state.In the same year, he conquered Dadu (now Beijing), overthrew the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, and gradually unified the whole country.According to historical records: Zhu Yuanzhang was clever and martial, with a strange appearance, and he had the ambition to help the world and the people.During his reign, production was restored and developed.It also rectified the military system, reformed the administrative system, and strengthened the centralization of power.He reigned for thirty-one years and died of illness.Buried in Xiaoling Mausoleum (outside Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province today).The temple name is Taizu, and the posthumous title is Emperor Gao. Zhu Yuanzhang can compose poems and rhymes.He likes concise and clear writing, and his poetic style is bold and unrestrained. Song Lian, a Ming Dynasty scholar, said of him: "All the poems are composed without waiting for meditation." There are five volumes of "Yuzhi Anthology" published in the world. The mountains are full of reality, and the clouds are full of emptiness.

Jinling (Nanjing) is the old capital of the Six Dynasties, and it governs the southeast of the southeast. "Zhongshan is a dragon, and Shicheng is a tiger" has always been a topic chanted by poets and literati. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the dynasty and capital here, has a unique observation angle and aesthetic mentality that are different from ordinary tourists who lament that the scenery is flourishing. Therefore, when he expresses it in poetry, he also leaves people with a new artistic feeling. The first couplet opens and closes, creating a vast and vast realm from the very beginning of writing, which is divided into two sides, the virtual and the real.There are many peaks and peaks, meandering and galloping, and the potential is endless. "Yingmen" just reflects its large number and clustered form, so the quality is determined by "substance".This is what you can see from a distance, and it directly echoes the main theme of "Wangzhong Mountain".The floating clouds are misty and changeable, and they are impermanent. Although they linger around the seat, they seem to be full but empty. Therefore, the word "virtual" is placed in front of it, and the word "kan" is used to highlight it. There is no need for solid words such as grasping and handle. The characteristics of natural things are also written about people's psychological impressions, a two-way stroke.This is what I got from looking up, and I have taken a step away secretly, paving the way for the following. The couplets of the jaw and the neck completely deviate from the topic, and the writing is based on the subjective feelings of self-touch, vision, hearing, smell, etc., and conveys the demeanor of various objective scenes around it from multiple angles and levels. Obviously, its focus is on people. "Leaning on the railing" looks at the scene and not in "Zhongshan".If you feel the moist pine air, you can know that the forest is luxuriant, and the season should be the intersection of spring and summer; when you bend down from the seat, you can see the imperial smoke curling up in the shape of a seal.Press, "扆" refers to the seat, that is, the throne, which echoes the "seat" in the second sentence "full of clouds". "Li Ming Tang Wei": "The Son of Heaven stands by Nanxiang (Xiang) with his axe." Tang Lu Deming's "Classic Explanation" says: "Yi, this is also called 扆." Come, it seems to be rushing to send a strong fragrance.All these and so on are really pleasing to the eye and the mind, and the body is refreshing!In short, the two couplets in the middle lay out the scenery, the description is detailed and vivid, and there is a flowing and beautiful atmosphere throughout the neatness, which is enough to connect the previous and the next. The last couplet comes right after the previous one, saying bluntly that "the scenery is prosperous", and the feelings of admiration and lingering are beyond words;That's right, overlooking the great rivers and mountains is all mine, and it's all a private property of the family. All the courtiers are lying in front of them, and they are all for my use. The hesitation and complacency at this time is self-evident. At the beginning of this poem, the brushwork is rough, but because of its grand momentum and broad scene, it is not a disease, but a sense of heroism.The four sentences in the middle are divided into four scenes, which are all observed from the various physiological and psychological experiences of the subject, showing the keen and profound feelings.The last two sentences are too blunt and blunt, and have no aftertaste. However, in terms of gain in loss, it fully demonstrates the arrogance of feudal emperors who dominate everything, which is the inevitable expression of Zhu Yuanzhang's specific personality.

The new willow leaves in the Forbidden City are curtained, reflecting the deep cry of the oriole. This poem describes the scenery of Nanjing, the capital city, which was in late spring and early summer. "Huangzhou", that is, the imperial capital.Southern Song Dynasty Baozhao's "On behalf of a young man with a guest": "Ascending to the four towers, looking at the Huangzhou from the outside and the inside." Also, "Forbidden City", the Forbidden City, here also refers to the capital.Since the title is crowned with the word "Yingtiao" to reveal the main purpose, the first two sentences are based on this and closely follow the original meaning.The new willows and green leaves of the city are full of shade, like layers of curtains. It can be seen that the dense branches of it indicate that the spring is late, and the trees are flourishing, and it has entered the early summer; The euphemistic cry of the song reveals, adding a layer of vitality and interest.The first couplet starts with the visual and auditory images, and renders a state of sensuality and splendor, vivid and vivid.In fact, the predecessors have described this a lot. The famous ones such as Jia Zhi of the Tang Dynasty in "Daming Palace in the Early Dynasty": "Thousands of weak willows are green and trivial, and a hundred twittering warblers are around to build chapters", Wen Tingyun's "Inscription on Willows": "Thousands of willows Brushing the silk on the face, the green smoke and the golden tassels can't be blown...Where is the sound of the Qiang pipe? The highest branch of the hundred warblers", etc., you can refer to it.It is also precisely because this is a fully typed aesthetic image, which contains a certain artistic and cultural connotation that tends to solidify, and has been deposited in the hearts of readers of all ages. Therefore, reading Zhu Yuanzhang's poems again will trigger traction and support specific characters. The associative imagination of aesthetic orientation has a richer aesthetic value than Zhu Shi's original meaning. The maxillary couplets are inherited from the first couplets and continue to depict various scenes of the Forbidden City.In the beautiful sun and wind, flying butterflies flutter up and down.A word "turn" vividly shows its light and flexible shape; a word "by" accurately expresses its physiological habits, and the two complement each other and cause each other.In the early morning, roosters crowed loudly in the rising sun.Here, the word "reading" is used as the origin of "singing", and it reveals the long-lasting process of time flow that has been like this from dynasty to dynasty. If the first half is devoted to the depiction of natural phenomena, then the second half turns to the display of social life.Therefore, the neck couplet directly ignores the above-mentioned willows, warblers, butterflies and roosters, and pays attention to the bustling and lively market people, and tries its best to describe the peaceful and prosperous scenes of Zimo in Huajie and Zhumen in Xiuhu. Tian, the prosperity of the imperial capital with high candle flames and singing songs is beyond comparison with any other city. The tail couplet ends the whole story with the audience's admiration and praise.Yes, restaurants and teahouses are for people to "look at the beautiful scenery" and forget to return; the pink moth eyebrows, full of oil wall incense carts, "hug and sit on the hooves", also take a trip to enjoy the beautiful scenery.Here, the scene is combined with the love and the scene, and the scene is combined into one, and it is safely pasted with a pen. In short, the whole poem is beautiful and light, and although it does not have a deep implication, the scenery is vivid and neat, and the lines are filled with fresh and clear vitality, which makes people feel light and joyful.

Busy about collecting clothes and whipping the whip, turning around and hanging on the willow branches.

This is a true portrayal of the arduous and arduous military life, but it does not have to be bothered to study, so as to be true at a certain time and time, where and where you are stuck.Because Zhu Yuanzhang conquered the south and west, galloped and moved, after decades of turbulent years and countless battles, he was able to flatten the heroes and drive Yuan Shundi to the deserted city of Mobei. He became a great treasure and became a generation of emperors. Karma; therefore, for him, traveling at dawn and staying overnight, eating wind and drinking dew is a common experience, and it is inevitable in the life of war, but it happened on a whim, and it was chant, pen and ink, to express the pride in his chest, Or for future search aftertaste, the original is not surprising. The first two sentences directly describe the situation in a line-drawing style, showing a sense of urgency, all from the title.Hastily put on Zhengyi, whip the horse and go fast, only to turn around, only to find that the moon is still hanging slantingly beside the willow branches: it is very early in the morning, and the night has not yet disappeared!Through these outstanding movements, the vivid body achieves the characteristics of "going early", and fully paves the way for the following description. It seems plain, but it is actually a performance of skilled skills and good at arranging rules. The third and fourth sentences follow the first couplet, describing the dawn scene with no dew and no rain, and sparse stars hanging in the sky, which is what I saw on the way early.It cleverly uses numbers as a dual, which looks neat and lively, quite natural and fresh.According to Tang Lu Yanrang's "Song Temple", the couplet says: "Two or three electricity want to be rain, and seven or eight stars are still in the sky." Zhu Yuanzhang's poem is obviously imitated by Lu Yanrang, but it is completely natural when used here. Brut cons.In addition, Song Xin Qiji's "Xijiang Moon · Night Walking in the Yellow Sand Road" changed its head and said: "Seven or eight starry sky, two or three points of rain in front of the mountain", can also be used for reference, and its artistic conception and vocabulary are roughly similar. The fifth and sixth sentences are still inherited from the previous ones, but the natural celestial phenomena are transformed into villages on the ground, which must be experienced on the way.As the procession of troops passed by, the noise of people and horses, and the skilful attacks of weapons inevitably disturbed the thatched inn by the roadside, causing chickens to crow in the nest, dogs to bark on bamboo fences, and the resting guests to wake up from their sleep.This couplet rewrites the scene as a narrative, full of the atmosphere of real life, which makes people forget the cruelty of war and feel cordial. The last two sentences are grand and grand, and the scene is extremely spectacular. It wipes out the scene of the remaining night with sparse stars and slanting moon, chickens crowing and dogs barking written in the first six sentences, turning the gloomy and desolate into a warm and bright.But when the third eye is opened, a round of red sun suddenly jumps out of the earth's surface, shining brightly all over the place, and the mountains and rivers of thousands of miles are suddenly displayed in front of the eyes, what a brilliance it must be!Press, "wait for leisure", words, suddenly and plainly.The seventh of Tang Liu Yuxi's "Zhu Zhi Ci": "Eternal hatred is not as good as water, and there will be troubles on the ground." Also, "Sheji" originally refers to the god of earth and valleys. "Zhou Li Chunguan Da Zongbo": "Sacrifice the five sacrifices to the five mountains with blood." Han Zhengxuan's note: "Sheji, the god of soil and valleys, and the virtuous ones can eat." Here it refers to the country's land.These two lines of poems fully reveal Zhu Yuanzhang's boldness to embrace Jianghe, which is in line with his specific character of a hero who is proficient in writing and ink, and has the ambition of emperor and hegemony.This is also a recurring social and cultural phenomenon in history. It has similarities in connotation and essence, and they can all be used as a reference. For example, Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty and a merchant born in the city, said in "Great Wind Song": The clouds are flying up, the Vega is in the sea, and the homeland is returning. And the warriors are guarding the four directions", or like Huang Chao, the leader of the Peasant Army in the late Tang Dynasty, "chrysanthemums": "The westerly wind is full of plants, and the stamens are cold and fragrant. Butterflies are hard to come. In his year If I were Emperor Qing, I would repay the peach blossoms together." Another example is Hailing Wang Wanyanliang who killed Jin Xizong Wanyanquan and established himself as the emperor. "Magpie Bridge Fairy Waiting for the Moon": Hair, waiting for the silver toad to go out to sea. I don’t know where a piece of cloud comes, and it is a big and sky-reaching obstacle. The beard is twisted, the star pupil is torn, but the sword is not fast. Cut off Ziyun’s waist with a wave, look carefully, Chang’e’s body.They don't emphasize the exquisite and beautiful diction, but only the boldness and ambition beyond the pen and ink to captivate people, but they are not comparable to the carvings and sentences of ordinary scribes.

The bamboo branches are low under the pressure of snow, although they do not touch the mud.

In Chinese cultural tradition, there are many objective and natural things that are originally inanimate, but are artificially endowed with a strong subjective interest, and become symbols or direct carriers of certain types of social ethics and moral norms.Therefore, the poet expresses his aspirations through things, and puts his ideal pursuit and sentimental meaning into this kind of natural things that have been fully subjective, making them have imagery and meaning, giving people room for aftertaste and association, and poetry also It becomes rich and rich.This little poem by Zhu Yuanzhang is like this. Pine, plum, and bamboo have always been called the "Three Friends of Sui Han", mainly referring to their natural physical properties of frost and snow.It is a topic that is constantly praised and expressed in poems.This poem does not describe the external shape, but only writes about the upright and unyielding attitude of bamboo in the heavy snow, saying that although it temporarily "lower branches" due to "snow pressure", "although it is lower than the mud", it will never be affected by the harsh environment. Severe pressure and loss of the most basic moral integrity.The last two sentences turn around again, and I firmly believe that the ice and snow will not last long. "The red sunrise in the Ming Dynasty" will be sunny for thousands of miles, and the ice and snow will melt in an instant. High-spirited and bright. The article is full of optimism and confidence in the future. The words are simple and clear, but there are deep meanings in the straightforwardness.

What is the difference between the color and water of Cangwu Mountain, the clear mirror and clear lake?

Prospered because the ancients wrote poems, don't pay them chants to express your own thoughts and reveries. There are several poems in "Ming Taizu Anthology", and this is one of the better ones. The lightness reveals a profound and gentle charm, which is quite different from Zhu Yuanzhang's usual style of vigorous and smooth poems, and pretending to be bold and unrestrained to win. According to the volume 112 of "Old Tang Book", in the autumn of the second year of Emperor Suzong Qianyuan (759), because of the frame-up by eunuch Li Fuguo and others, Li Ye, the servant of the Ministry of punishment, was demoted to Lingnan. At this time, Jia Zhi and the poet Li Bai met, and the three of them toured Dongting Lake together, singing poems and drinking happily; and the third volume of "Biography of Talented Scholars of Tang Dynasty" by Xin Wenfang in Yuan Dynasty also said that Jia Zhi "taste and relegate to Baling (that is, Yuezhou) , met Li Bai, drank wine every day, reminiscing about the old trips to Beijing, and often paid for singing."Li Bai has "Three Poems of Accompanying the Uncle of the Minister to Dongting Drunk", "Night in the Dongting to Seek Pei Shiyu Qingjuo" and "Five Poems of the Minister of the Ministry of Punishment with the Uncle of the Family and Jia Sheren of the Zhongshu to Tour the Dongting", etc., all of which are here. The last group of poems written by Zhu Yuanzhang at that time should be the original of Zhu Yuanzhang's article. We record three of them here for mutual reference between the two: "Looking at the Chu River in Dongting to the west, the water runs out and there is no cloud in the southern sky. Sunset in Changsha Autumn is far away, I don’t know where to hang Xiangjun?" (Part 1), "The autumn water in Nanhu Lake is smoke-free at night, and it can ride the stream straight to the sky. And in the moonlight of Dongting, buy a boat to drink wine by the side of the white clouds." (Part 2), "The emperor's son Xiaoxiang will not return, leaving the autumn grass in the Dongting room. Lightly sweep the Ming Lake and open the jade mirror, and the painting is Junshan." (Part 5) Regarding Dongting Lake, it has always been associated with an ancient tragic legend, which shrouded it in a sad and misty color: Dashun married Emperor Yao's two daughters (the first name was Ehuang, and the second name was Nvying). On the way, they died in the field of Cangwu. The two daughters rushed to hear the bad news and sank in the Xiangjiang River. ("Shui Jing Zhu·Xiangshui") The first sentence of this poem came from this, but it was not written explicitly. It only used the hinting method to draw out the historical and personnel content contained in it during the rendering of the natural scenery, and then revealed the layer. Although different generations are separated, there is an undeniable sense of mourning and melancholy.Press, "Cangwu", the tenth "Hainei Nanjing": "The mountain of Cangwu, Emperor Shun was buried in Yang, and Emperor Danzhu was buried in Yin", Jin·Guo Pu's note: "It is Jiuyi Mountain. "Li "Records" ("Tan Gong") also said: 'Shun buried Cangwu in the field'." And the eighteenth "Hai Nei Jing": "The hill of Cangwu in the south, the abyss of Cangwu, there is Jiuyi Mountain, Shun The buried place is in the boundary of Lingling, Changsha." Guo Pu notes: "The mountain is now in the south of Yingdao County in Lingling." The second sentence describes the clarity of Dongting Lake, like a blue bronze mirror; Vast and deep apricots, accompanied by faint white clouds, are boundless in all directions.Here it comes from Li Bai's poems such as "sweeping the lake and opening the jade mirror". The first two or two sentences use gentle pen and ink to describe the scenery of the Dongting Mountains and waters, and there is no lack of tranquility and remoteness; the third and fourth two sentences use the brushstrokes to express my subjective feelings from the related historical legends.It is led by "there is no envy of the ancients", imagine that "the concubine of Xiang still looks forward to the king of Yu", this kind of steadfast love that has gone through thousands of years and generations, and has not changed slightly due to the passage of time is the most precious. Precious, it is accompanied by the scenery of Cangwu Mountain, the waves of Dongting Lake, and the long white clouds. Han Dynasty Liu Xiang's "Biography of Lie Nu Biography of Mu Yi": "There are two concubines of Yu, the second daughter of Emperor Yao, Chang'e Huang, and the second female Ying." Also, "Yu Jun", that is, Shun, regarded him as a concubine. The Yu family is the chief, so it is called here. This little poem describes the scenery in the front and the romance in the back. Although it comes from Li Bai's Youdongting poem, it is not just imitated, but can be used to express it in a different way.

The extinct master hides Cui Cen, the mountains are stacked with white clouds and deep.

The deep and secluded place of the emerald green mountains has always been isolated from the disturbing world, and it is also difficult for ordinary people who compete for fame and fortune and run around for a living in the town to find it, but there are "superior people" hiding in it.The first sentence of the poem begins with a narrative, pointing out the meaning of the title, and then the second sentence turns into a description of the scenery: there are many peaks and mountains, and the mountains are winding and continuous, straight into the depths of the white clouds; narration, and constitute a vivid, interesting picture. The third and fourth sentences become static and active. "If you want to find the scriptures, you can't find them" and so on. In terms of composition, it still follows from the front line, alluding to "white clouds deep" and the word "cover" in the title, expressing the twists and turns of exploration and search.But in the course of this movement, the concluding sentence suddenly entered the auditory image, just when he was looking around, Lin Feng suddenly sent bursts of clear "Qing sounds", didn't it just mark the location of the temple?This is full of meanings such as surprise and sudden enlightenment, and it also makes the word "temple" in the title come true, fully showing the connotation of "the temple hides the deep mountains".Press, "Qing", a percussion instrument made of jade, stone or metal materials, shaped like a rectangle, used in temples to gather monks.Tang Yaohe's "Send to No Master": "For many years, the color of the pine is farewell, and the sound of the chime every night is autumn." This little poem is fresh and elegant, with a good state of mind. It expresses admiration for the aloof life that is beyond the world and hidden in the mountains. It seems to reveal another aspect of Zhu Yuanzhang's spiritual life.