Chapter 10 Marquis Wu Wucheng——Sun Hao
Sun Hao (242-283), a Pengzu, with the characters Yuanzong and Haozong, was the grandson of Sun Quan and the son of Sun He.He was a famous tyrant in the Three Kingdoms period. During his reign, he was domineering, brutal, extravagant and debauched. Later, he favored traitors and sycophants, drinking and having fun all day long, and his government was dim. In 280, Wang Jun of the Western Jin Dynasty led the navy to approach Jianye, the capital of Wu. Sun Hao was unable to resist, so he went out of the city and surrendered. Soochow was destroyed.The Jin army took him to Luoyang, where he was conferred the title of Marquis of Guiming by Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, and lived in Luoyang until he died of illness.Sun Hao was called the last emperor in history, also known as the Marquis of Guiming.
I used to be your neighbor, but now I am your minister.
Both "er" and "ru" mean "you".The ancients often used it to address people who are lower than themselves or those who are closest to them. It is generally not used for venerables or peers.Therefore, in Du Fu's "Drunk Time Song", there was a sentence "Forgotten to Erru" to show the close relationship between himself and Zheng Qian. Songs like "Erru Song" are said to have been popular in the south before the Three Kingdoms period.Regarding this song, it is recorded in the history that Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin, captured Sun Hao, the last lord of Wu after he pacified Wu, and named him the Marquis of Guiming.Once at a banquet, Sima Yan said to Sun Hao: "I heard that southerners like to sing "Er Ru Song", can you do it?" Sun Hao was drinking at that time, so he toasted Sima Yan and sang this song. Song.Because the song was meant to be ridiculed, Sima Yan felt that he had lost his dignity and regretted it.According to this statement, "Erru Song" was popular before that.But the existing lyrics are the earliest.Later authors included Wang Xinzhi, a native of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties.It is said that Wang Xinzhi was the Prime Minister of the Marquis of Nankang in his early years. According to the system at that time, he had to be called a "subject" to Liu Yong, the Marquis of Nankang.Later this system was abolished.Once at a banquet, Liu Yong said to Wang Xinzhi: "You used to be a minister to me, can't you toast me with wine?" Wang Xinzhi sang, "I was a minister for you in the past, but now I stand side by side with you. If you don't persuade you to drink, I also don’t want Ru Nian.” According to "Song Shu Biography of Liu Mu", this song was written after Sun Hao's song.It can be seen that this kind of "Erru Song" generally has the intention of ridicule or even contempt.Sima Yan probably didn't know the content of "Erru Song" at that time, so he was provoked by Sun Hao's joke.
Sun Hao, as a king of subjugation, naturally did not have much achievements in politics.But compared with Liu Chan, the empress of Shu, his eloquence seems to be better.Liu Chan's saying "Happy here, don't think about Shu" has been passed down as a joke through the ages; but after Sun Hao entered Jin Dynasty, he never gave in verbally to the monarchs and ministers of the Jin Dynasty.Once Sima Yan's minister Jia Chong asked him: "Why did you like to peel people's skin when you were in the south?"Sun Hao replied, "That's because I hate him for his thick skin!" This is actually a mockery of Jia Chongnian helping Sima Zhao kill Wei Gaogui's villager Cao Mao.This time he sang "Erru Song", which also fully demonstrated his characteristics.Sun Hao, as the defeated and captured Lord Wu, was ordered by the conqueror to compose a song. Of course, the words should not be too explicit, but he should speak in a congratulatory tone.But judging from the content of the whole poem, there is no respect for Sima Yan. The two sentences "I used to be your neighbor, now I am your minister" point out the change of my identity.Although he admits that he has now called Sima Yan a "subject".But the minister could not be called "ru" to the monarch.It's just that he is now writing "Song of Erru" under the order of the other party, so it is inevitable to use "Ru" to address the emperor.Sima Yan also knew that he had been teased, but he didn't like to attack.The last two sentences seem to be toasting and wishing the other party "longevity and spring", but they are still cynical.Because toasting the emperor and wishing "Shou Wanchun" should be very respectful, but the four "ru" characters are used in succession, all of which are the names of the honorable to the humble.In particular, the sentence "Ling Ru Shou Wanchun", using the word "Ling" for the emperor, also has a teasing meaning.Because the word "ling" can be interpreted as "make" or "command".When toasting the emperor, the sudden use of this tone inevitably makes people feel contradictory and funny.This is because when Sun Hao wrote this song, he originally intended to tease, not sincerely toast.At that time, Sun Hao had surrendered to the Jin Dynasty, and on this occasion, he sang this song, which showed his quick eloquence.
The form of this song is five words and four sentences, which is similar in style to folk songs such as "Midnight Song" in the south.Looking at the nursery rhymes of Wudi during the Three Kingdoms period, such as "Ning Drinking Jianye Water" and "A Tong Fu A Tong", etc., their style is also similar to this song.Probably this poem originally imitated southern folk songs in form.Sun Hao should be familiar with southern folk songs.In addition, he also has a certain degree of literary accomplishment and writing skills, and from the letter he wrote to his uncle He Zhi quoted in the annotation of "Three Kingdoms Wushu", he is still very familiar with some classics, and his writing skills are relatively good. high.Therefore, it is not accidental to be able to account for this song.