Chapter 11 Xijiangyue·Jinggangshan

The flags are in sight at the foot of the mountain, and the drums and horns on the top of the mountain are heard. . , more united as one. , Reporting the enemy's escape at night. This poem was first published in the January 1957 issue of "Poetry". "Xijiang Moon·Jinggangshan" was first disclosed on July 1, 1948, in the "Knowledge" magazine hosted and published by the Propaganda Department of the Northeast Bureau of the Communist Party of China. Jiang Xijin's "Four Poems of Chairman Mao" published in the special issue commemorating the party's birthday in one article.Officially published in "Poetry Magazine" in January 1957.

This poem is the earliest and widely recited anthem of the People's Revolutionary War in Mao Zedong's poems.Among the glorious epics of the revolutionary road in Jinggangshan, this poem, in the form of a small order, expresses the strongest voice that eulogizes the victory of the "armed separatism of workers and peasants". On September 9, 1927, Mao Zedong launched the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi. The uprising was frustrated because the enemy was strong and we were weak.Mao Zedong proposed to change the plan to attack Changsha and go to the countryside. The Luoxiao Mountains are the most suitable place to stay.Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, thousands of rebels who fought bloody battles arrived at Ciping, Jinggangshan on October 27 after the "Three Bays Reorganization".Mao Zedong led some troops of the Autumn Harvest Uprising to enter Jinggangshan and established China's first rural revolutionary base. This strategic turning point was not understood by the top leaders of the Party Central Committee at that time. In November, the enlarged meeting of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee accused Mao Zedong of making a "mistake of military speculation" that "completely violated the central strategy", and dismissed Mao Zedong as an alternate member of the Central Provisional Political Bureau and a member of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee. In December, the Guangzhou armed riot organized by the Party Central Committee failed.Immediately afterwards, the Kuomintang issued an order to arrest Mao Zedong in December, and launched a campaign against the Jinggangshan revolutionary base.Mao Zedong fought hard in a very severe predicament. In April 1928, Zhu De and Chen Yi led part of the troops left by the Nanchang Uprising and the Hunan Peasant Army to Jinggangshan, where they joined Mao Zedong's troops and formed the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army.Soon, according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, it was renamed the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Zhu De was the commander of the army, and Mao Zedong was the party representative and secretary of the Military Commission.

Although the title of "Xijiangyue·Jinggangshan" is "Jinggangshan", it actually describes the battle of defending Huangyangjie. On August 30, 1928, the four regiments of the enemy's Wu Shang Department of the Hunan Army and the Wang Jun Department of the Jiangxi Army attacked Jinggangshan while the main force of the Red Army was still in southwestern Jiangxi.With less than a battalion of troops, the Red Army defended against a powerful enemy in Huangyangjie, defeated the invading enemy within a day, and preserved this nascent revolutionary base. In September, Mao Zedong led his troops back to Jinggangshan. He was delighted to hear about the defense of Huangyangjie, and wrote "Xijiangyue·Jinggangshan", a poem praising the victory of the Red Army's soldiers and civilians.

The upper column of the poem describes the situation of severe confrontation with the enemy in the defense battle of Huangyangjie.The four enemy regiments attacked Jinggangshan in two ways, one of which attacked Huangyangjie.Mao Zedong clearly observed the enemy's advancing situation. In this small order, what he first exaggerated was not the enemy's menacing approach, but our army's readiness for battle: "The banners are in sight at the foot of the mountain, and the drums and horns on the top of the mountain are heard." Mao Zedong clearly explained "' Both banners' and 'drum horns' refer to our army." "If you don't hear each other, you call it the golden drum; if you don't see each other, you call it the banner." ("Sun Tzu Military Struggle") No matter on the mountain or on the mountain, the flag of the Red Army can be seen, and the drums and horns of the battle can be heard. Law.The poet is like the commander of this defensive battle. From the perspective of the mountainside, the poet shows the situation that the soldiers and civilians on the mountain and on the mountain are fighting against the enemy with a common hatred.The poet did not actually participate in this defensive battle. In his words, he borrowed the most common images of the battlefield in traditional poems such as "the banner is in sight" and "the drum and the horn hear each other". From this, we can feel the poet's inner experience of the tense atmosphere of the battlefield. "The enemy army is besieged thousands of times, but I stand still", this is an artistic exaggeration.Although the Huangyangjie defense battle was outnumbered, the enemy did not adopt the tactics of encirclement; however, the new Jinggangshan base area was surrounded by reactionary forces after all. "I am standing still", in one sentence, it expresses the fearless heroism of the Red Army who stood firm and despised the invading enemy.

On the front of the lower column of the poem, it is written how the defense of Huangyangjie was won.In the passage of the poem, the couplet "the barriers have already been fortified, and the will is more united" highly summarizes why the soldiers and civilians of the Red Army can stand still and overcome a strong enemy.The reason why the Red Army was able to achieve this victory was not only due to natural dangers and accidental luck. They had already built complete and rigorous fortifications at important outposts such as Huangyangjie. pre-war mobilization.Mao Zedong once enthusiastically summed up the core concept of the people’s war formed on the Jinggangshan revolutionary road: “What is the real iron wall? It is the masses, and it is the millions of people who sincerely support the revolution. This is the real iron wall. Unbreakable, completely unbreakable." In this poem, the poet did not directly describe the process of the defensive battle, nor did he exaggerate the scene of fierce battles between the offensive and defensive sides on the battlefield, but instead used "the sound of artillery in the Huangyang world, reporting the enemy's night war." Escape" two sentences end the whole word. On the morning of August 30, the invading enemy launched three fierce attacks on Huangyangjie, all of which were repelled by the Red Army.In the afternoon, the enemy attacked again. The Red Army dispatched only one mortar and three shells. One of the shells hit the enemy group. Yanling County, Hunan).The significance of the victory in the defense of Huangyangjie is just as Mao Zedong said in his report "The Struggle at Jinggangshan" written to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "On August 30th in the battle of Jinggangshan, the Hunan enemy began to retreat to Ling County, and the Jiangxi enemy was still entrenched. Counties and most of the villages. However, the enemy has never been able to capture the mountainous areas... The red flag on the border has never fallen. It not only shows the strength of the Communist Party, but also shows the bankruptcy of the ruling class. It has great political significance in the country. Therefore, we I always believe that the creation and expansion of the regime in the middle of the Luo Xiao Mountains is very necessary and very correct."

"Xijiangyue·Jinggangshan" is a very documentary poem, a small order, only five chapters in a simple chapter, but it can record such a battle as the defense of Huangyangjie so truly. For that.Although this poem "hummed on horseback" is an ultra-small narrative poem, there are words of ambition, lyricism, and discussion in the documentary.We can clearly see that the words "Xijiangyue·Jinggangshan" and a long political essay like "The Struggle in Jinggangshan" can be so closely related to each other.In the era of great turning point in Chinese history and the Chinese Communists arduously exploring a new revolutionary strategy, Mao Zedong, as an outstanding statesman, cast his own political thinking into the imagery of his poems. Revolutionary Foresight in .This is one of the characteristics of Mao Zedong's poetry in the Jinggangshan period that has the most characteristics of the times and personal character.