Chapter 8 Qinyuanchun Changsha

In the cold autumn of independence, the Xiangjiang River goes north, at the head of Juzizhou. , the forests are all dyed; the river is clear, and hundreds of boats compete for the flow. , fish fly in the shallow bottom, and all kinds of frost compete for freedom. ,Oh dear lord, who domains the fate of this world? .Recalling the past eventful years thick. , in the prime of life; scholarly spirit, scolding Fang Qiu. , Encouraging writing, the dung soil was once tens of thousands of households. , When the current hits the water, the waves restrain the flying boat? This poem was first published in the January 1957 issue of "Poetry".

Mao Zedong's words are unique.This is not to say that the artistry of his ci is unmatched, but that the lofty spirit, broad-mindedness, optimism, and great ideals displayed in his ci are unparalleled and unparalleled beyond previous generations.Let's try to compare and analyze the poem "Qinyuanchun" written by Mao Zedong in Changsha in the autumn of 1925 from a historical perspective. Autumn, in the eyes of modern people, is a season of harvest, a happy season that makes people feel a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction.However, in the eyes of ancient Chinese poets, autumn is a sad season when everything is withered, desolate and desolate, and it is easy to make people feel that time is getting old and life is dying.Since Song Yu, a poet of the Chu State in the Warring States Period, first sang "Sorrowful, autumn is the spirit. It is bleak, and the grass and trees are shaking and decaying" ("Nine Debates"), "Sorrowful Autumn" has become a part of Chinese classical poetry. The big theme, sadness in autumn has also become the psychological norm of classical Chinese poets. Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi said, "Since ancient times, autumn has been sad and lonely" ("Autumn Ci").As for the sad autumn or the sad poems written in autumn, there are more.In Du Fu's "Climbing the High" poem, "Boundless fallen trees are rustling, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in. Thousands of miles of sad autumn are often guests, and more than a hundred years of illness come to the stage alone." That's the desolate Qingqiu Festival", which is full of sadness for the desolate Qingqiu.However, although Mao Zedong's words were written in the cold autumn, they are full of aggressive passion, fighting spirit and vitality, without the typical sentimentality, melancholy, sinking and decadence of the ancients.

The first three sentences create the image of the lyrical protagonist, pointing out the time, place and environment.It was cold autumn, and the poet was "independent" at the head of Juzizhou in the middle of the Xiangjiang River. Looking at the mountains and overlooking the river, he was full of pride. The word "independence" is strong and powerful. It is different from the "solo fishing" in Liu Zongyuan's "Jiang Xue" in the Tang Dynasty, "Thousands of mountains and birds fly away, and thousands of paths and people disappear. Lonely boat and hat, fishing alone in the cold river and snow".The "fishing alone" in Liu's poem is intended to highlight the loneliness, nobility, and arrogance of the lyrical protagonist; while the "independence" in Mao Zedong's word is to show that he is independent and fearless in the torrent of complicated revolutionary struggles.From the word "independence", one can imagine the tall image of the author at that time standing upright, looking around, contemplating, exploring society, and pursuing ideals. The "North Going" of "Xiangjiang River Going North" is full of sense of movement and power, showing the dynamic and momentum of the Xiangjiang River flowing endlessly.

"Kan" is the leading character, from "Wanshan is red all over" to "Thousands of frosts compete for freedom", all are taken by the word "Kan", that is, what the author "sees" independently from "Orange Island Head" "scene". The seven sentences of "Looking at the redness of Wanshan Mountain" are picturesque, with a broad realm, a strong sense of layering, and bright colors. "Thousands of mountains are all red, and the forests are all dyed", which describes the scenery of mountains in the distance by the river: thousands of mountains and peaks, layers of forests and maple leaves are dyed red, and the whole world seems to be a world of red.As far as the coloring of the picture is concerned, "red" constitutes the main color of the picture, which forms a sharp contrast with the emerald green of the river in the next sentence, and the picture is colorful.And red, enthusiastic and unrestrained, symbolizes the raging revolutionary struggle situation, and at the same time shows the strong vitality of autumn. It changes the traditional style of classical poetry to describe autumn and autumn scenery as desolate and desolate, and reflects the author's love for life and society. , The future is full of optimistic beliefs and good wishes that will surely succeed, reflecting a new spirit of the times. "I look at things, and everything has my color." The poet is passionate, optimistic and confident, so the scenery he observes and expresses is also painted with a layer of warm and vivid brilliance.The lightness and darkness of the scenery in the works are often the mood of the creator, the externalization of the joys and sorrows of the state of mind.

"The river is clear, hundreds of boats are competing for the flow" is to describe the scenery in the nearby river, and the author's sight is from far to near.These two sentences are one static and one moving, and the movement and stillness reflect each other. "Manjiang Bitou" focuses on the static clarity and clarity of the river; "Hundreds of boats competing for the flow" focuses on the dynamic landscape of the river: hundreds of boats are competing to drive, shuttle back and forth, showing a vigorous and enterprising posture, which is naturally the same. The refraction of the author's enterprising spirit. The word "through" is used novelly and appropriately, vividly showing the crystal clear water of the Xiangjiang River, which can be seen at a glance. "Bitu" shows that the river water is green from the surface to the bottom, which not only expresses the color of the water, but also the depth of the water, which is full of thickness and penetrating power.At the same time, "Bitou" paves the way for the following "Yuxiang shallow bottom". Because of "Manjiang Bitong", you can see "Yuxiang shallow bottom"; The front and back echo each other, and the structure is dense.The author's fine and ingenious use of words must be savored carefully.

"The eagle hits the sky, the fish flies in the shallow bottom", expressing the scene of pitching up and down.The blue sky, turquoise river surface, red-dyed mountains and forests, competing boats, fighting eagles and swimming jinyu constitute a three-dimensional, dynamic, colorful and vibrant picture of the autumn river. The four characters "Eagle strikes the sky" have a broad and powerful sense of space.This eagle fighting against the sky is undoubtedly the author's self-portrait full of struggle, enterprising, and fighting spirit, and it is the objectification of the author's personality and spiritual strength. The aesthetic realm created by the six sentences of "Wanshan is red all over", the contained personality strength and the heroic, optimistic, fearless and enterprising spirit of the times are also rare and unique in the entire history of Chinese poetry. The seven characters "all kinds of frost and sky compete for freedom" not only conclude and summarize the description of the autumn river scene in the first six sentences, but also sublimate the whole realm to a higher level, expanding from the limited scene in front of you to the infinite imagination space, showing that not only The eagles, fishes, and hundreds of birds that can be seen before us are fighting hard in the autumn, and all human beings are striving, struggling, and competing for their own survival and development in the "frost sky", reflecting the youth who stand at the forefront of the struggle of the times. The great courage and enterprising spirit unique to politicians.

The next three sentences turn from narration to contemplation, and the mood turns from high-spirited to dignified.As a politician, the author shoulders the mission of the times and the heavy responsibility of history. His thinking about society and his pursuit of reality prevent him from obtaining eternal peace and detachment from the beauty of nature. In deep contemplation and anxiety.Asking questions from contemplation: In this era of ever-changing conditions and a society where people's lives are difficult, who should be in charge of the destiny of the nation and the people, so as to better transform the society, change the destiny of China, and push the wheel of history to roll forward faster? ?In the author's mind, it is undoubtedly "whom I can give up".The author aims to turn the tide, to dominate and change the fate of Chinese history which is "ups and downs".The boldness, ideals and ambitions of politicians and leaders of the future generation are fully displayed here.The writing is like the person, the words are like the person, it is difficult to write such majestic words and sentences without Mao Zedong. Only a politician with a unique leadership temperament like Mao Zedong can have the grandeur to master the world and dominate the "earth".The beginning of this article says that "Mao Zedong's words are unique", and this is the basis.Certain poets and poets in ancient China also often had the ambition of "rectifying the universe and clarifying the universe", but they can only "will to be the assistant prime minister" and "to the king, Yao and Shun", that is, as the emperor's assistant to realize their ideals. It is impossible, and I dare not imagine that the self independently dominates the universe and masters the "earth".Only in the new era can a new spirit of the times be bred and cultivated, and a new personality force formed.Mao Zedong's Ci not only created a new artistic realm, but also marked a new era and reflected a new spirit of the times.

The first part of the poem mainly describes the scenery seen in Changsha at that time, while the second part focuses on recalling the fighting life in Changsha in the past and the "excellent years". "Brought a hundred couples to travel", pointing out that Changsha is a place of old travel, echoing the "independence" in the beginning sentence.In the past, it was a "hundreds of couples" traveling together, but now it is a "solitary" tour. The passage of time and the changes in personnel, how much emotion is contained in it!But this emotion is not the sadness of "personnel is metabolized, and the past and the present are formed by exchanges" (Tang Meng Haoran's "Climbing Xianshan Mountain with the Masters"), but the remembrance and nostalgia, pride and joy of the glorious life and extraordinary experiences in the past.No regrets in life is because of pursuit and exploration; glorious years are because of fighting and hard work. The turning point of the word "memory" pulls the thoughts back to the "past" from the present, so that the transformation of time and space will not be abrupt and difficult to grasp. "The years are thick" is a generalization of the "past" to elicit specific memories of the "past" below. The original meaning of "thick" is many and dense. It refers to the long time, and it also means that the time is long, the situation is complicated, and there are many emotions.This rhyme foot character is used very well, and it is definitely not a rhyme.

The seven sentences of "Qia classmate boy" are complemented by the inheritance of "long years and thick years". The word "Qia" is the same as the word "Kan" in the previous film, and it is also a leading character, leading the following seven sentences.This section of memory is written in three layers.The first layer describes the age and demeanor of the "hundred lovers" and "classmates" of the year: all of them are young, radiant and talented.The second layer writes about the inner spiritual temperament of "young people" and "classmates": everyone is high-spirited, bold and unrestrained, vigorous and brave, full of aggressive and fearless fighting spirit.The third layer writes the specific content of studying and working in Changsha "that year". From 1911 to 1923, Mao Zedong studied and carried out revolutionary activities in Changsha. From 1913 to 1918, Mao Zedong forged a deep friendship with his "classmates" Cai Hesen and He Shuheng while studying in Hunan No. 1 Normal School, and became like-minded comrades in arms. "Classmate boy" refers to Cai and He Zhuren.During his more than ten years in Changsha, Mao Zedong founded the "Xinmin Society", founded "Xiangjiang Review" and other publications, and led mass movements against Yuan Shikai and expelling Zhang Jingyao.The epic struggle experience is very rich, but the words are only summarized in three sentences of "pointing to the country", and the words are extremely refined. The four characters of "Guiding the country" have a strong sense of strength and majestic momentum.Facing the "vast land", "limbo" and "mountains", a "young man" and "scholar" dare to "point out" and aspire to dominate. It is difficult for non-leadership people to think and write, and this "just "It is the unique endowment and temperament of Mao Zedong, a great man of his generation. "Inspiring words" refers to the establishment of "Xiangjiang Review" and other publications, using articles to propagate revolutionary theories and declare war on the old world. "Wanhuhou in the past" means to treat the ancient and modern "Wanhuhou" and bureaucrats and nobles as dung, expressing their fearless fighting spirit.This sentence is also a highly refined summary of Mao Zedong's "Six Don'ts" in the "Xiangjiang Review" Founding Manifesto: "Don't be afraid of the sky, don't be afraid of ghosts, don't be afraid of the dead, don't be afraid of bureaucrats, don't be afraid of warlords, and don't be afraid of capitalists." .An important aspect of Mao Zedong's personality and personality spirit is "not afraid", fearless, daring to fight and resist.Mao Zedong's words have fully reflected this point.In the choice of words and sentences, he also showed that he dared to break through the traditional norms. Ancient Chinese poets generally dare not let the word "dung soil" enter the palace of "Daya" poetry and art.However, after Mao Zedong slightly changed its part of speech (changing nouns into verbs), it properly expressed his contempt for "Wanhuhou" and all the old forces and his "not afraid", loud and full of emotion.If other words are used, it will be difficult to accurately and vividly express the author's "juvenile" "spirit" and his contemptuous attitude towards "Wanhuhou".Mao Zedong's poems are imprinted with his personality everywhere.

The last three sentences still describe the life in Changsha in the past, but they are written in question sentences. The images are flying and powerful, and the momentum is flowing and running. "Swimming in the middle of the current", on the surface, it is written to swim in the Xiangjiang River.Mao Zedong loved swimming all his life, and he still swam in the Yangtze River in his later years.Swimming was more of a daily activity in his youth.If the story of swimming is described directly, it lacks poetic flavor. The author uses "hitting the water" to describe swimming, which not only vividly shows his swimming movements, but also shows his fearless spirit of cutting through the wind and waves. The waves created by "hitting the water" can stop the flying boats that block the gallop, and you can imagine the momentum and power of "hitting the water". The four characters "middle current hits the water" also have specific historical connotations.This remark comes from "Book of Jin·Zu Ti's Biography". It is said that Zu Ti led his troops to cross the river in the north. Sigh." Later generations often used this allusion to express a kind of determination or oath.Zhang Xiaoxiang of the Song Dynasty said in "Water Tune Getou Wen Caishi Conqueror": "I want to ride the wind, and hit the oars and swear to be in the middle." Mao Zedong melted this historical allusion into his poems without any trace, to show that he wanted to dominate "the boundless Earth", the determination and courage to change China's destiny.

The description of this word is picturesque, and the words and sentences are vigorous and powerful. Verbs (groups) such as "pointing", "exciting", "hitting the water" and "wave curbing" are full of momentum and accurately convey the author's lofty ambitions.The author's inner pride and the strong melody of the language are in perfect harmony and complement each other.