Chapter 39 Drinking twenty poems (thirteen of them)

There are guests who often go together, choosing a strange place. One soldier gets drunk alone, one husband wakes up all year round; Wake up drunk and still laugh at each other, and each speaks unacceptably. How stupid are the rules and regulations, and how arrogant and poor they are. Send a message to a guest in the middle of nowhere, and there is no candle in the sun. This poem is set as a husband and a scholar, and the scholar expresses his views on current events and his own attitude towards life. The first six sentences are narrative.The "guest" in the first sentence is the husband and the scholar in the next sentence. "Zhi" means to stop and live. "Choosing", tending to and abandoning, refers to ambition and embrace. "Miao" means far. "Miao Yijing" means that the two people are in two different realms that are extremely far apart.These two sentences mean that there are two people who often live together (this "person" is actually a symbol of two kinds of people), and their interests are very different: one person drinks alcohol alone all the year round, and the other person does not drink alcohol all the year round. Very sober; both of you laughed at me for being drunk, and I laughed at you for being awake, and neither of the words he said was understood by the other party.These few sentences try to highlight the fundamental difference in the interests of these two people-they have no common language, and their lifestyles are completely opposite. At the same time, they only make objective statements without any praise or criticism.This writing is to better pave the way for the following and gain momentum for the following discussions.

"Lonely drunk" and "wake up all year round" are not common to ordinary people, which inevitably raises questions: why do they behave like this?This is also what should be in the title.In this regard, the two sentences of "Gui Gui" express the author's attitude towards the two in a way that is both narrated and discussed, and the reasons for why wake up and drunk and the true meaning of wake up and drunk are also naturally contained in it. "Regulations" are shallow and rigid. "Zhuangzi·Qiu Shui": "Zi is the rule, but seek it to observe it, ask it to argue, it is to use the tube to look at the sky, and use the awl to point to the ground, isn't it also small?" This sentence is about the awake.This person is cautious, drifts with the tide, follows others, follows the trend, has no thought, no assertiveness, thinks he is sober, and others think he is sober, but in the author's opinion, this is utter ignorance. "Yihe" has the same meaning as "heqi", which is a strong negative tone, which shows the author's contempt. "Wuao" is the appearance of being proud and self-satisfied after drinking, which is in sharp contrast with "regulation". "Bao Ruoying" means smarter. "Poor" means slightly.This one is about drunks.In the author's view, a drunk can transcend the mundane world and ignore current affairs, so he is smart and desirable.This in itself is a negation of the existing order, public opinion, politics, and so on.And this is exactly the intention of the drunk. The so-called drunk is actually the real sober.Just because the awake is stupid but the drunk is happy, and only when he is drunk is he awake, so the author tells the drunk that he not only drinks during the day, but also lights candles at night and continues to drink; he wants him to be drunk all the time , because only in this way can we stay awake all the time.Qiu Jiasui, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said: "Mr. Tao thought that people were drunk and I woke up, but he was enthusiastic and tired of watching the world. What's more, being awake is not really awake but really stupid, and being drunk is not really drunk but really charming." ("Dongshan Thatched Cottage Tao" "Poetry Notes") Ma Yanyun: Tao Yuanming "takes the drunk as his gain, sincerely sees that the world's affairs are not enough to ask, not enough to collate, but he should be the ear of the faint." ("Tao Poetry Original Meaning") These analyzes are extremely pertinent.

The sober person is actually the representative of the secular mediocrity, while the drunk person is the author's self-portrait.When the author wrote this poem, it was the eve of the change of Jin and Song Dynasties, which was one of the darkest and most turbulent periods in the history of our country.During this period, political corruption reached an unacceptable level; warlords, big and small, fought and killed each other in order to compete for power, and war disasters continued year after year.The author is neither able to change the reality, nor willing to join forces with others. It is impossible to realize the ambition of the early years.The author said in "Miscellaneous Poems": "The sun and the moon throw people away, and if you have aspirations, you will not be able to achieve it. Feeling sad, you can't be quiet at the end of the day." "From Beijing to Fengxian County Yonghuai Five Hundred Characters") is essentially the same, and the author's mood is very painful.Drunkenness is just a manifestation of despair of reality, and it is also a means to relieve depression and avoid disasters, and it contains profound content of sentimentality.This reminds us of the story that during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Zhong Hui repeatedly questioned Ruan Ji about current affairs, wishing to impose a crime on him, but Ruan Ji was spared by getting drunk. (See "Book of Jin·Ruan Ji Biography") At the end of the twentieth chapter of "Drinking Wine", "but you hate so many fallacies, you should forgive sinners" and Ruan Ji's "no words to criticize people", the meaning is exactly the same.Although there is a negative side of escaping from reality here, it is progressive to maintain one's noble morals and not cooperate with the ugly ruling class.

This is a uniquely conceived sentimental poem.The style is open and unrestrained, but the emotion is extremely painful, and there is a fiery heart wrapped in the coldness.Shi Buhua of the Qing Dynasty said: "Tao Gong's (referring to Tao Yuanming's) poems, when the true energy flows out from the chest, the words are elegant and painful, and the words are related to the heart of the kingdom. It is not different from "Li Sao", and it changes its appearance and ears." ("Xian Mai Shuo Poetry") Tao Yuanming did not intend to be a loyal minister of a certain surname, such as "kingdom", it is not true; but seeing that Tao's poems have similarities with "Li Sao", there is also a deep sadness everywhere Emotions are indeed very insightful.Qu Yuan used vanilla beauty to express his loyalty and anger, and Tao Yuanming used drinking to express his sorrow, both of which are sad for the unrealized ideal.Tao Yuanming bluntly stated in "Self-Sacrifice Essays" that "life is really difficult, but what is death like?" It shows that Tao Yuanming, who is "alone and drunk", is also a sad person like Qu Zi at Yinzepan.And this poem is the embodiment of this "sadness" in another way.