Chapter 37 Drinking Twenty Poems (Part 8)

The green pines are in the East Garden, and the grass has no appearance. Ningshuang casts aside the heterogeneous, but sees the high branches outstandingly. Even the people in the forest don't realize it, it's strange to have a single tree and all the people. Lift the pot and hang Han Ke, and look back when you look at it from afar. I live in a dream, what is the dust. "When the age is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither." ("The Analects of Confucius Zihan") After this guidance from Confucius, the beauty of pines and cypresses symbolizes a noble personality and has become a collective consciousness of Chinese culture.Chinese poetry also praises the masterpieces of pines and cypresses.Even so, Tao Yuanming's eighth song "Drinking Wine" "Green Pine in the East Garden" is still very distinctive.

"The green pine is in the East Garden, and the grass has no appearance." The appearance of the green pine is tall and beautiful.Born in the East Garden, but covered by grass.It can be seen that the grass is deep and its potential is reckless.The loneliness of Qingsong is self-evident. "When Ningshuang kills the other species, you can see the high branches outstandingly." The one who kills is also extinct.Heterogeneous, refers to the grass, relative to the green pine.Branches are called branches.The year is cold, the severe frost comes, and the grass withers.Therefore, the tall and straight heroic appearance of the green pine and the evergreen beauty are outstanding in the world.When spring and summer are warm, why aren't the grasses also green?What's more, the grass is very deep, so it can cover up the green pines for a while.It's a pity that the grasses couldn't stand the ravages of the severe frost after all, and finally withered. "People in the forest don't realize it, but a single tree and many people are strange." If there are too many green pines, and they are connected into a pine forest, then it will be difficult to give a strong impression of its uniqueness.It is only because a green pine stands out from the sky and the earth that people are surprised.The above six sentences constitute most of the whole poem, which are purely for metaphor.As Wu Zhantai said in "Tao Shihui Zhu", it is "using the lonely pine as a portrayal of oneself".The green pine symbolizes one's steadfast personality, the grass refers to a group of people with no morals and morals, and the frost is like the severe and harsh political climate at that time, which is easy to understand.Only the two sentences "Lianlin people don't realize it, but a single tree and many people are strange" have profound meanings and are the most urgent, so they should be carefully understood.A pine tree that stands tall and straight is really surprising.The reason why it is unique is that the grass cannot have the quality of green pine.If the garden is full of green pines, this one is not surprising.A man of noble character is also different from others.In fact, this is also due to the failure of a group of scholars to stand up their own personality.If scholars can be like Gaoshi, or if they have a noble personality and become a generation of scholars, then Gaoshi is not different.According to the Chinese cultural tradition, "I want benevolence, and my benevolence is perfect" ("The Analects of Confucius·Shuer")—everyone has the internal factors to stand upright. "Everyone can be Yao and Shun" ("Mencius·Gaozi II")-everyone can stand up their own personality.It's a pity that scholars are often indulged in selfish desires, so how can they "see the high branches outstandingly"?Just as Zhu Xi said: "Although people in the Jin and Song Dynasties are said to be noble, they all want official positions. On the one hand, they talk about it, and on the other side they recruit power and goods. Tao Yuanming really can't do it, so he is higher than the people in the Jin and Song Dynasties." ( Tao Shu Annotated "Mr. Jingjie Collection" Appendices) Tao Yuanming has no suitable vulgar rhyme, late embraces the poor festival, and compares himself to the green pine, which is well-deserved.In the last four sentences, write yourself directly. "Hang the pot and hang Han Ke, and it will come back when you look at it from a distance." Han Ke comes from the above "Ningshuang".The next sentence, Tao Shu's note: "This inverted sentence, when it is said, it is also far-sighted." That's right.Tao Yuanming loved the green pine in the East Garden, so he hung the jug on the pine branch, drank and lingered under the pine tree (this title is "Drinking Wine").Even if you don't go to the garden, you often come to look at the green pines from a distance.How kind it is to hang a pot of Han Ke.Looking at the Songzi from a distance, it is just affectionate.It is clear that Tao Yuanming's soul often draws a kind of spiritual nourishment from the outstanding and high integrity of the green pines.What Zhuangzi said about "being appropriate with things", "being with things for spring", and "communicating with the spirit of heaven and earth alone" (see "Zhuangzi The Great Master" and "De Chongfu" respectively) is exactly what it means. "I was born in a dream, what should I do?" The two concluding sentences came a bit abruptly, which seemed to have nothing to do with the above, but in fact they were deeply related.The dream is a metaphor for the shortness of life, and it can be seen that life can be cherished.Those who are tied up are also bound.Dust restraint is the net of dust, saying that the world is like a net, referring to official career.Life is so limited, it can be cherished, so why bind yourself in the dust net and lose your independent and free personality?This kind of steadfast and noble personality is just like a green pine.This is the real subject character.

The spiritual realm and artistic attainments of Tao Yuanming's poem can be described as a perfect one.The first half is purely bixing, praising the tallness of the green pine.The second half of the vertical strokes uses Fu to express Shu's appreciation of Qingsong and his feelings of cherishing his own personality.The entire poem is integrated, which is actually a portrayal of Tao Yuanming's entire personality.The whole poem is remarkable, and it can be said that the flavor beyond the rhyme is endless.In particular, the two sentences "if the people in the forest don't realize it, it's strange to be alone in the crowd" inspire everyone to stand up to a noble personality, and a noble personality is not unique, it has far-reaching meaning and is extremely cherished. "Poetry Xiaoya Changshangzhehua" says: "The only thing that exists is to resemble it." Only because Tao Yuanming's steadfast and noble personality is similar to Qingsong's character that never fades in cold weather, this poem borrows Qingsong To portray oneself, the high realm comes from nature.