Chapter 18 Nine Days of Leisure and Order

I live in leisure and love the name of Chongjiu.The autumn chrysanthemums are in the garden, and the mash is extravagant, and the nine flowers are taken in the air, and the words are cherished. There are many short meanings in the world, and Sri Lankan people live happily for a long time.The sun and the moon arrive according to the time of day, and the common people love their names.The dew is sad and the wind is breathed, and the air is clear and the sky is bright.There is no shadow of the goose, but there is still a sound of the geese coming.Wine can dispel worries, and chrysanthemum can relieve aging.How to be a scholar in Lulu, and see the fortunes of the sky!Chen Jue is ashamed of his vanity, and Hanhua is proud of himself.Lay your lapels and gossip alone, full of affection.The habitat is late and solid, and there is more entertainment, so it is impossible to stay in it.

According to the "Book of Songs Tao Qian Biography", Tao Yuanming lived at home after returning to hermitage. On the Double Ninth Festival on September 9 of a certain year, the chrysanthemums beside the house were in full bloom. However, because the family was poor and had no wine, he sat among the chrysanthemums for a long time, feeling melancholy. When he was sad, Wang Hong, who was the governor of Jiangzhou, suddenly sent someone to bring wine. Tao Yuanming didn't refuse, he drank freely, drunk when he drank, and returned when drunk. Let nature's nature.Judging from the situation described in the preface, this poem is similar to what is described in this poem. The examination of Wang Hong as the governor of Jiangzhou began in the fourteenth year of Yixi (418), when Tao Yuanming was fifty-five years old. It can be seen that this poem was written in his later years.

There has been a custom of drinking chrysanthemum wine on the Double Ninth Festival since ancient times. It is said that this can prolong life. Beside Tao Yuanming's house, although there were clusters of chrysanthemums of different colors, he had no money to buy wine, so he could only eat chrysanthemums empty-handed.The ancients regarded chrysanthemum as a kind of elegant and dignified flower. Because she blooms in the autumn when all the fragrances wither, so Qu Yuan had the words "the fallen flowers of autumn chrysanthemums at night". The "Jiuhua" here refers to chrysanthemums. The poet has chrysanthemum but no wine, so he has infinite emotion.

The four sentences of "the world is short and full of meaning", starting with discussion, explain the name of Chongjiu, and put forward the theme of lamenting life.It means that life is alive, but it is like a fleeting moment. Because it is a very short moment, people have all kinds of worries and concerns, and it also leads to people's longing for longevity and eternal life.The annual Double Ninth Festival has come again according to the time sequence. The reason why people love this festival named after "Nine" is because "Nine" and "Jiu" are homophonic, so their love for it reflects their desire for longevity. .Here "love its name from the common people" is consistent with "love the name of Chongjiu" in the preface. The sentence "the world is short and often has many meanings" is so refined that the predecessors thought it was the concentration of the two sentences of the ancient poem "Life is less than a hundred, but I often worry about a thousand years", which reflects Tao Yuanming's ability to control language (Song Li Gonghuan's "Notes on Tao Yuanming Collection" Volume 2 ).

The ten sentences from "Exposing the desolation to the wind" to "Hanhua is self-prosperous" describe the scenery and express emotions, lamenting that I have chrysanthemums but no wine, and I am empty of the beauty of the good days.The dew is dewy, the warm wind has stopped, the autumn is crisp and clear, the sky is clear, the swallows are gone, and the geese from the north are still ringing.It is said that wine can get rid of all kinds of troubles in the heart, and chrysanthemums can make people stop aging, but why can I, a reclusive poor man, just let the Double Ninth Festival pass in vain!The wine vessel is empty and full of dust, but the autumn chrysanthemum blooms empty by the hedge.Here is a scene of late autumn with a clear sky and clear sky, which is in stark contrast to the poet's own poverty-stricken situation. The beauty of the natural scene contrasts with the poet's depression. , The poet sighed with emotion.

"Collecting the breasts and lonesome ballad" is the poet's exclamation. He straightened his clothes and chanted alone, with far-reaching thoughts and deep emotions.It is true that there is a lot of joy in thinking about wandering in the mountains and forests by yourself, but do you stay in this world just to achieve nothing?The poet here not only laments the shortness of life, but also re-examines the value of life. The content of "affectionate" in the poem is not clearly stated, but vaguely pointed out that the reason why the author feels sad is not only for There is no wine to drink, and the greater sorrow is hidden in the heart. This is the poet's thinking about life and his exploration of his own value.Therefore, Yan Junshou of the Qing Dynasty said in "Old Stories": "The poem "Nine Days of Homelessness", the above is described in a flat manner, and at the end of the piece, "The ballad of leisurely leisure with the lapel, and the deep feelings are born", I suddenly made a few strokes to stop it. , the following two sentences, "Late dwelling and more entertainment, how can it be impossible to stay in it?", with one intention as two layers of confinement, opened countless methods for future generations." It pointed out the connotation of the end of this poem.The whole poem goes straight down, and its main purpose seems to be to show that life is short and you can't enjoy yourself in time, and you can't bear the lament of Qiuguang, and then suddenly say "won't be successful if you stay in the water", which has another meaning, so Yan's said it is "single-minded". Two layers of closure".

Because the implicitness of the conclusion of this poem seems to have inexhaustible meaning beyond the words, so those who have interpreted this poem all the time thought that Tao Yuanming implied his grief and indignation at the change of Jin and Song dynasties, expressing his nostalgia for the previous dynasty and expressing his nostalgia for the previous dynasty. Interested in restoring the royal family. The sentence "empty view of fortune" is also obviously feeling the overturning of current events, and the two sentences of "Chenjue" express the desire to be content with the fate of the times and to protect one's heart. That is to say, he alluded to the reason why he was detained in the human world because he still held the hope of restoring the country and waited for the opportunity to show his grand plans.Naturally, this statement is not unreasonable. People who have come to discuss Tao poetry have also pointed out that Tao Yuanming is not all quiet, but a person who is quite sentimental. Gong Zizhen said to him: "Don't believe that the poet actually Plain, two points for "Liang Fu" and one point for "Sao"." ("Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai") pointed out this characteristic.Examination of the so-called "feeling" in the preface of this poem and the so-called "affectionate" in the poem seem to have some sustenance, so it can be inferred that this poem may indeed have a moral.Lu Xun commented on Tao Qian and said: "You should still pay attention to the government, and you can't forget about death. This is mentioned from time to time in his poems." ("Wei and Jin Demeanor and the Relationship between Articles, Medicine and Wine") Understanding of both politics and life.

This poem integrates reasoning, scene description and lyricism, which embodies the characteristics of Tao's poems flowing naturally. Some of the sentences in it are condensed and novel, which shows Tao Yuanming's means of making words and sentences, such as "there are many short meanings in the world", " Although the sun and the moon come according to the time of day" and "wine can dispel all worries, chrysanthemum can cure decadence", although they are narratives, they are powerful, novel and ingenious. .