Chapter 2 fortune

Fortune, You Muchun also.The spring clothes are ready, the scenery is peaceful, and the shadows travel alone, and they are heart-to-heart. Time for luck, Mu Muliang Dynasty.Hit my spring clothes, talk about the eastern suburbs.The mountain is covered with mist, and the sky is warm and faint.There is a wind from the south, and there are new seedlings on the wing.Yangyang Pingze, is washing and washing.Miao Miao Ya Jing, Zai Xin Zai attention.People also have words, and they are easy to satisfy.Swipe this to drink, Tao Ran enjoys himself.Extend the eyes and flow in the middle, think about Qingyi leisurely.Children crown all careers, and return home after leisurely chant.I love its quietness, and it's easy to play while sleeping.But hate is different from the world, and you can't pursue it.It's morning and evening, and it's resting in its hut.The anthers are arranged separately, and the forest bamboo is like a cloud.Qingqin horizontal bed, half pot of turbid wine.Don't catch Huang Tang, I'm alone.

The format of this poem is imitated, using four-character style, the title of the poem takes the two characters in the first sentence, and there is a small preface before the poem, pointing out the purpose of the whole poem.Originally, after the Han and Wei Dynasties, four-character poems gradually disappeared.Because compared with the emerging five-character poems, its rhythm is monotonous, and in order to make up the syllables, it is often necessary to add meaningless words, so it is not concise enough.However, Tao Yuanming often deliberately chose four-character poems with simple and steady rhythm in order to pursue a peaceful, quiet, simple and distant sentiment.Because it is a deliberate choice, its effect is more obvious than itself.

The whole poem involves such an allusion: According to records, once Confucius sat around with a group of disciples, and he asked everyone to express their aspirations.The last one is Zeng Dian. He said: "Those who are in late spring, spring clothes are ready, five or six people who are crowned, six or seven boys, bathe in Yi, dance in the wind, and return home after singing." It means: in late spring, the weather is warm I had already worn my spring clothes. Together with five or six adult friends, I took six or seven young people to bathe in the Yishui River in the south of Qufu, and then climbed to the earthen altar for praying for rain, facing the spring breeze, and then walked all the way. Sing a song and go home.This imaginary scene of peace and tranquility, and the leisurely and unrestrained demeanor moved the old master, who has always been strict and deep, to sigh, and said: "I am with Dian." (My heart is the same as that of Zeng Dian). The custom of washing by the water for three days to get rid of bad luck) is becoming more and more popular, because it is also late spring, and we are also playing by the water, so this allusion is often quoted in poems about Xiuyu.In the third year of Yuanxing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (404), Tao Yuanming was 40 years old and was living leisurely in his hometown of Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi).When he was traveling in the eastern suburbs in Xiri, he remembered what he had said, and wrote this poem "Fortune" written by Jiyou.The general idea of ​​the preface to the poem is: in late spring, the scenery is harmonious, traveling alone, only accompanied by the shadow, joy and emotion, mixed in the heart.There are four chapters in the whole poem, the first two chapters are about joy, and the last two chapters are about sadness.

Let me talk about chapters one and two first.In the first four sentences of the first chapter, "Shiyun" refers to the movement of the four seasons; "Xi" refers to taking and putting on;The meaning of these four sentences is very simple, and it is enough to write two sentences in five-character poems: fortune is in a good dynasty, and spring clothes go out of the eastern suburbs.But the poetic language is not limited to conciseness, but must obey specific lyric requirements.The four sentences written slowly are expressing the poet's leisurely and free-spirited feelings.At the beginning, the two repeated words "Maimai" and "Mumu" have a long tone, which also helps to create a gentle rhythm.Moreover, "Mai Mai" describes the progress of time step by step, and "Mu Mu" describes the gentle and tranquil spring, both of which exclude the turbulent and intense factors, as if the entire time and space have the same rhythm as the poet's mood.The last four sentences describe the scenery seen in the suburbs: the mountain peak has washed away the last cloud and mist, revealing a clear and beautiful face; On a large piece of green seedlings that are twitching, those seedlings are rejoicing, like birds flapping their wings.These sentences describing the scene show delicacy from simplicity, seemingly indifferent, but just right.At the same time, this picture of Kaiyuan is also a symbol of the poet's spiritual world.It is vast, clear, peaceful, and joyful.

In the second chapter, I turn my pen to write about my travels by the water, which is similar to the "bathing in Yi, dancing in the wind". "Yangyang Pingze" means that the water is vast and the lake is flat, and the poet washes by the lake ("washing" here also means washing); "miaomiao distant view" means that the distant scenery is vast and misty. Eye-catching and delightful.Among the four sentences, the two sentences that write actions are very simple, but they are actually four verbs. Both "Nai" and "Zai" have no real meaning, and they mainly play the role of making up syllables and harmonizing tones.The two sentences describing the scenery are also very empty, and cannot make readers grasp it realistically.But what is the actual effect?The turbulent water surface and the distant view blend together, showing the vastness of nature, which is boundless and inclusive.The poet washes in the lake, looks at the edge of the water, and his spirit expands and diffuses with his gaze, as if he has become a whole with nature.These four sentences were originally intended to convey a complete and indescribable feeling and atmosphere. If there are sharp lines and color blocks in a certain place, everything will be destroyed.The last four sentences are the impressions derived from this: Don’t people say this: everything is only in line with one’s original wish, and not driven by worldly glory, life is easy to be satisfied.I raised my glass and drank it all in one gulp. In the hazy drunkenness, I enjoyed myself.

The above is the joy of traveling in late spring in nature.It is well known that Tao Yuanming loves nature.In the suicide note he wrote to his sons when he was seriously ill, he also said that he "sees the shade of the trees, and the birds change their voices, and they are happy again."However, Tao Yuanming's love of nature also contains a layer of philosophy of life.In his view, because most people violate the natural nature of human beings and pursue endless desires, they are hypocritical and pretentious, outsmarting competition, happy when they gain, and worry when they lose. This is where the defects and pains of life occur.But nature is unconsciously following its own laws, without desire and purpose, so nature is full and free, without defects.If man can assimilate himself to nature, he can overcome pain and achieve the highest realization of life.In this way, if we look at the first two chapters again, we may have a deeper understanding.

So, why did Tao Yuanming "confess with joy" again, and why is there still a kind of sentimentality?In the final analysis, people cannot be completely divorced from society, but only face the natural life—even if they are hermits.In the winter of the year before Tao Yuanming wrote the poem "Fortune" (the second year of Yuanxing), the warlord Huanxuan usurped Jin and established himself, the country was named Chu, and relegated Emperor Jin'an as King Pinggu, and moved to Jiangzhou, his base, to resettle him. In Xunyang.Soon another warlord, Liu Yu (later Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty), raised troops to attack Huanxuan under the banner of the Restoration of Jin Dynasty.From spring to summer in the third year of Yuanxing, the two armies saw each other repeatedly in the Xunyang area, and the battle was extremely fierce.This turbulent, dirty and dark social reality is just the opposite of Tao Yuanming's gentle and peaceful nature.It cannot but cast a heavy shadow on the poet's mind.The exclamation of nostalgia for the present and nostalgia in the third and fourth chapters is based on this background.

In the first four sentences of the third chapter, I wrote that my eyes were fixed on the water waves in the lake, and I recalled the scene described in the book: a group of people with mixed looks, who have finished their studies, have no worries and interests. Swim on the shore of Yishui, and then go home singing leisurely.What needs to be added is that this contains double meanings: on the one hand, it means personal peace and leisure, and on the other hand, it means social peace and tranquility.This is the ideal realm that Zeng Dian (including Confucius) yearned for, but Tao Yuanming took it as a real thing to express his emotion.Surrounding him is a noisy and bloody world; he himself cannot realize his ambition to save the world, nor can he retreat from the so-called detached world.Moreover, he is lonely. In the preface, it is said that "the shadow travels alone", which is in contrast to what Zeng Dian said, "there are five or six champions, and six or seven children".He couldn't help being sentimental.The following says: "I love its tranquility, and I play it when I sleep." I use the word "quiet" to summarize what I have said, and express my yearning for this moment, and I can't help myself ("Finging" is like "repeated"), because that This kind of social tranquility and peace of mind is what he lacks the most in the world he lives in; the kind of communication where friends blend in seamlessly and calmly understand each other is what he desires most.The last two sentences say: Unfortunately, that era is so far away from me that I cannot catch up.This actually means that everything he yearns for cannot appear in reality.

The fourth chapter narrates the scene of returning to the residence after a spring outing.The first two sentences are about returning home after lingering from morning to evening.The next four sentences describe the garden scenery and interior furnishings.On the surface, there is no description of the owner’s activities, but our eyes follow the lens of the poem, and we see the flowers and herbs on both sides of the path, the green trees and bamboos that cover each other, a guqin by the bed, and a half pot of turbid wine. Can you really feel a quiet atmosphere and the host's aloofness and aloofness?The wine that made the poet "joy himself" in the second chapter reappears here, but now it seems to have a more sad color.Is Tao Yuanming in the wine happy or sad?I'm afraid he can't tell himself.The following "Yellow Tang" refers to the legendary Yellow Emperor and Tang Yao. It is said that in the ancient times they ruled, the society was peaceful and the people were simple.But "Huang Tang Mo Chai", I can no longer catch up in this era, "I am alone", I can only sigh and feel sad alone.The meaning of the last two sentences is similar to that of the last two sentences of the third chapter, but it has changed the object of emotion, and strengthened the emotional response of hurting the present and nostalgic for the past.But nostalgia is not Tao Yuanming's real goal.He just expresses his aversion to reality and his yearning for a perfect realm of fantasy through his admiration for the ancients, which is in common with the essence.

The emotions expressed and the content contained in this poem are complex and profound.The poet obtains comfort from his love for nature, but he still cannot forget the world situation and get rid of the oppression of reality; he imagines a peaceful society, a world where the soul is not burdened, but he knows it is impossible to get it.So in the end he was still in pain.But whether it is joy or pain, the poems are very plain, and the language is not deliberately embellished.The personality that Tao Yuanming pursues is sincere and harmonious, neither happy nor afraid;Any overly exaggerated and overly strong performance will destroy this pure and harmonious beauty, which Tao Yuanming does not want.