Chapter 26 immortality and fame

Among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, Du Mu's achievement is of course not comparable to that of Li Bai and Du Fu, but Li Bai and Du Fu may not be able to write several of his poems.Among them, "Send to Judge Han Chuo in Yangzhou": "The green mountains are hidden and the water is far away, and the grass in the south of the Yangtze River is not withered. On the moonlit night of the twenty-fourth bridge, where can the jade people teach the flute?" It is my favorite, and I fell in love with it as soon as I read it when I was young. , until now.If you ask me why, but I can't say it, I just intuit that the poetic scene is far and near, the distant view is empty, the close view is transparent, and at the end of the poem, there is a lingering sound.The sentences are double-folded with "Yinyin" and "Yuanyuan", and "Yinyin" is echoed with "Jin", and "Yiyu" is echoed repeatedly with "withered", "Qiao", "Jiao", and "Xiao", and the sense of rhyme is very abundant. .When I was a child, I read Tang poems and read the annotations impatiently.Which twenty-four bridges are the twenty-four bridges? Many versions have listed them in detail, which is extremely disappointing.Knowing so many bridge names, how does it help poetry?Seven years ago, when I visited the Slender West Lake in Yangzhou, the local people told me that the so-called Twenty-Four Bridge is actually just a bridge, and it is called "Twenty-Four Bridge", also known as "Hongyao Bridge".I was very disappointed after hearing this.When I first read it when I was young, I thought there were really twenty-four bridges, the moonlight was boundless, and the shadows of the bridges were far away. There was a beautiful woman on each bridge. Here comes the wave.It turned out that there was only one bridge, but there were twenty-four jade men, all of whom were of course kabuki, that is, people from brothels with "slender Chu waists", and the so-called "jade men" could also be called judges.

However, although the poetry is so blurred, the artistic conception is extremely beautiful.Just like "The sound of wild geese goes far beyond Xiaoxiang, the moon shines on the twelfth floor" and "480 temples in the Southern Dynasties, how many buildings are in the mist and rain", there is a kind of psychedelic beauty.After all, the real winner is Han Chuo. Amidst the sound of moonlight flutes, his romantic image has been passed down to this day.He is immortal, and his reputation will never fade away.But his immortality does not equate to fame.It was Du Mu who became famous, but Han Chuo was immortal after him.It is not easy for ordinary people to become immortal, but a friend of a poet can follow the poet without doing anything.There is such a good thing in the world.However, the same list of famous poems may not always be so beautiful.For example, Qi Wuqian, although the title of "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty": "Send Qi Wuqian to Return to His Hometown", no matter how euphemistic Wang Wei wrote, he could never get rid of the negative impression of "a failed student". .

In Chinese classical poetry, there are many works of giving and answering by friends, reflecting the poet's open space for activities, which is a male society, but it is inconvenient to disclose heterosexual relations, so it has to be hidden in "untitled" and "gifted".Literary friends of the same sex often refer to each other as the old couple of a certain family.For example, Li Bai and Gao Shi called Du Fu the second son of Du Fu, which means that the Du family is the second child: there are Li's poem "Sending Du Erfu to the East Shimen of Lu County" and Gao Shi's "Ren Ri Sends Du Erfu Supplements".Similarly, Wang Wei's poem "Weicheng Song" was originally called "Sending Yuan Er Envoy Anxi", which means the second son of the Yuan family.But Du Fu's nickname is Du Er, everyone knows who Yuan Er is, but he doesn't know his name. "Weicheng Song" is so famous that Yuan Er is immortal because of it.But Yuan Er's immortality is different from Han Chuo's, because he is only known as a brother of the Yuan family, but he has not been given his full name, so he is not "famous", but only a half-hidden immortality.Du Fu also wrote a poem "Sending Yuan Er Shi Jiang Zuo", but Shi Jiang Zuo Zizhou traveled eastward, and Weicheng went west to Anxi, and the distance was too far, so the two Yuan Er might not be the same person.

In Du Fu's famous Wugu "Gift to the Eighth Officials of the Guard", the eighth guard in it does not know the full name, so it is only half immortal, not famous.I couldn't help thinking, if it was the eighth child of the Wang family, what should I call it?Sure enough, I found a poem by Gao Shi in "Full Tang Poems", called "To the King and Eight Members".This is so funny, so it can be inferred that calling people bastards should be a saying after the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi's five unique masterpieces "Ask Liu Nineteen": "Green Ant's new fermented wine, red clay small stove. The sky is like snow in the evening, can you have a drink?" The fragrance of wine lures guests, friendship and love, this Liu Jiujiu finally has Not answering the call is not important, but the call to drink text message he received is an incomparable gift through the ages, which has made the world's greedy mouth salivate to this day.Bai Juyi warmed the wine and sent poems, but he fulfilled Liu Jiujiu's poems and wine, and enjoyed them together, and they were immortal, enviing all the poet friends and wine companions in the world.

However, not everyone becomes immortal in poetry.Those who must first write immortal poems and then write poems can follow immortality; as for anonymous poems and mediocre poems, not to mention crooked poems and bad poems, even if there is a gift, it will not make the recipient famous.Even the works of great poets may not be widely circulated.Li Bai gave poems to Cen Xun and Yuan Danqiu repeatedly, not only in "Jiangjinjiu", but also in "Minggao Song for Cen Zhengjun" and "Xiyue Yuntai Song for Danqiuzi". It's not as coquettish and enviable as judge Han Chuo's sentence "On a moonlit night at the twenty-four bridges, where can the jade people teach me to play the xiao".On the other hand, Meng Haoran in "Fireworks under Yangzhou in March" and Wang Lun in "Peach Blossom Lake is a thousand feet deep" have vivid and unforgettable images: Meng Haoran is already famous, so he doesn't need to rely on exiled immortals to pass it on, but "Fireworks in March under Yangzhou" is cool In order to teach Meng Fuzi to "hear the world", but Meng Fuzi's own poems are not so free and easy.I am afraid that Wang Lun benefited more. He himself was not good enough to be passed on, but because Li Bai was entertained, and he went to the shore to sing and see him off, it was so easy, he became famous through the ages.As for the old lady who has a good meal: "Su Wusong Mountain at Xunyu's House", the old man who is unforgettable when drunk: "Crying Xuancheng Good Brewing Jishou", there is no idea of ​​immortality and immortality at all, but because of the gratitude of the exiled immortal, he wrote a poem. It was passed on as a floating mother and Du Kang.

Another situation is: Although the poet's friend is fortunate enough to be sung in the poem, the chanting in the poem is not necessarily a compliment, or even a mockery unfortunately.For example, Chen Jichang, a hermit between Guang and Huang, is a man of temperament who is both Confucian and chivalrous in Su Dongpo's "Fang Shanzi Biography", but when he enters Dongpo's poem "Send Wu Deren and Jane Chen Jichang", he becomes a man. A fearful husband.Dongpo said that he was "poor as a layman in Longqiu. He talked empty and never slept at night. Suddenly he heard the roar of the lion in the east of the river, and his stick fell on his palm and he was at a loss."Since then, "Jichang addiction" has become a euphemism for henpeck.

The most unfortunate thing is that he became the enemy of the poet, so he was included in his satirical poems, and he will always be passed down as a negative image.For example, the third-rate poet Thomas Shadwell (Thomas Shadwell) entered Jou Aidun's satirical poem "Mac FlecKnoe" (Mac FlecKnoe), and became the heir chosen by the mediocre Mac FlecKnoe to take over the throne of the absurd empire.Another example is Poet Laureate Southey (Robert Southey), who not only offended the youthful and vigorous Byron, but also praised the insane King George III too much, and finally fell into Byron's long satirical poem "The Trial of the Emperor" ( The Vision of Judgment), he recited a hymn to help George III enter the kingdom of heaven, so that all the souls were deafened and fled, and he himself was pushed into the lake area, making him laugh at the world.This kind of humiliation can hardly be called "immortality", let alone "fame", and it is definitely not "beautiful", but only "remains".Southey is certainly not a great poet, and his poems are not useless, and his prose works such as "The Life of Nelson" are not to mention excellent.Southey's miscalculation was that he underestimated Byron's talent and temper, so he rashly challenged Byron first in his long poem praising George (also titled "The Vision of Judgement"), calling him and Shelley It became the "Devil School of Poetry", but it aroused Byron's arrogance, that is, he used Southey's original topic to fight back, making Southey look ugly in reciting poems among gods and ghosts.Byron's poem has been recognized as a masterpiece since it was handed down, and together with "Don Juan", it has established Byron's status as a satirist.Southey's original poem is no longer read.The two poems compete, and the winner is the good poem.Southey became a big loser, disgraced, much worse than Judge Han Chuo and Liu Shijiu.