Chapter 33 Section 4: Schools that emerged after Nagarjuna

(1) The Rise of Asanga and the Family School Nine hundred years after the extinction of Shakyamuni Buddha, there were three brothers of the Brahmin family in the Fulusha Fuguo of northern India, named Kashika.The eldest brother is Wuzhuo, the second brother is Shiqin, and the third brother is Shizijue.The three of them were brothers who all became monks under the savadha branch.Eldest brother Wusang is an elder, and he learned the Hinayana teaching method.He worked very hard and soon passed the Hinayana Contemplation of Kongfu.But he always felt in his heart that the principles of the Hinayana teachings were not thorough enough, so he went further to learn the Mahayana teachings, and had an in-depth study of the Mahayana Bodhisattva Way.Since then, he has devoted himself wholeheartedly to actively promoting Mahayana teachings and saving sentient beings.The second brother, Shiqin elder, believed in Hinayana teachings from the beginning.He was very proficient in literature and Theravada theory, but he was prejudiced and used his literary expertise to fabricate 500 theses to slander Mahayana Buddhism.He also advocated Mahayana teachings, not Buddha's teachings and so on.The third brother, Shizijue, also believes in Hinayana teachings, and he holds the purpose of being wise and protecting one's life.Although he believed in Hinayana, he did not argue against Mahayana.

After believing in the teachings of Mahayana yoga, the elder Wuzhuo thought of his second brother's relatives. He didn't believe in Mahayana himself, and even created five hundred treatises to vigorously oppose Mahayana and slander Mahayana.According to the law of cause and effect in Buddhism, if relatives slander the Mahayana in this way, they will surely suffer the three ways of retribution in the future.I was deeply disturbed and worried about him.What to do about this?Elder Wusang thought of a convenient way, pretending to be seriously ill.Send someone to the country of Ayuu to tell the relatives: Eldest brother is seriously ill and is very dangerous. Please remember brotherhood and come to visit him as soon as possible. When the relatives get the news that elder brother is seriously ill, they will come to the country of husband to see elder brother immediately. .When the brothers met, they were very cordial. Seeing that the eldest brother was in good health and there was nothing wrong with him, Shiqin thought to himself, what is the reason for this?Just when he was doubting, Asang said straight to the point: My serious illness happened because of you.You are so stubborn against Mahayana and slander Mahayana teachings.As a result in the future, you will definitely not be able to escape the evil paths of the three paths.Hearing Wuzang's earnest persuasion, Shiqin inspired Sugen, and suddenly came to his senses. He understood the Mahayana teachings of his elder brother, realized that he was obsessed with the Hinayana in the past, and regretted the mistake of slandering the Mahayana.Realizing that in the future, quickly rein in the precipice and draw the sails near the shore.I hesitated again and again, what should I do?Wuzang noticed that his second younger brother was about to return to enlightenment and change his ways, so he told him that the past is over, so don't be too sad.You used to oppose Mahayana, it's like a person who fell on the ground, now he has to get up from the ground, start again, and move forward!Isn't it better?Since then, Shiqin has actively promoted Mahayana Buddhism.Later, five hundred treatises were fabricated to promote Mahayana and praise Mahayana teachings.Author of "Twenty Verses of Consciousness Only", "Thirty Verses of Consciousness Only" and so on.The life-span is very long, and he lived to be eighty years old before passing away.Master Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty in China went to India to learn Buddhist scriptures, and once got close to the great virtues and sages of the Yoga sect.Learned the teachings of yoga from him.That is Fa Xiangzong.In the "Yogi's Land Theory", it has been mentioned that there are various differences in the world, the world, the practice of cause and effect, and so on.Therefore, Yoga sect is also known as Dharma Xiangzong.The theory of the yoga school has been believed in and passed on for a long period of time, and talents have emerged in large numbers, and the style of the school has been greatly revitalized.This was the heyday of the school of yoga.

(2) The popularity of Esoteric Buddhism During the last 300 years of the 1,600 years after the Buddha passed away, Tantric Buddhism came into being. At first, Nagarjuna Bodhisattva opened an iron tower in southern India, and Vajrasattva taught him the secret formula, that is, the Vajra Realm, The esoteric method in the western part of Taizang Realm.Tantra is also called yoga.The word yoga means correspondence and rules, such as train tracks. When we practice esoteric methods, we must follow the rules of yoga to obtain corresponding effects.Master Xuanzang of China, after arriving in India, paid homage to Master Longzhi, a disciple of Master Nagarjuna.Master Yijing of China, when he arrived in India, at the time when the Esoteric Buddhism was flourishing, he once participated in the altar in order to admire the Esoteric Yoga.Adhering to the secret method of empowerment.In the fourth year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, Venerable Shanwuwei came to Chang'an to introduce Indian Tantra to our country.The practice method of Tantric Buddhism is also divided into four parts from shallow to deep.

The first part: focus on establishing a mandala, building various offerings, etc., which is easy for Kshatriya to do. The second part of the line: it is mainly practiced by chanting mantras, and it is relatively simple and plain for the formation of altars.This is a practice suitable for people like Brahmin intellectuals. The third is the yoga department: it is mainly based on hand-knot mudra, mind visualization, and oral recitation of mantras.For matters such as setting up altars and making offerings, as long as they are ordinary, it is okay to not hold them. This is the practice of Vaishya merchants, workers and peasants.

The fourth supreme yoga department: this department is divided into three aspects, 1. Maha (big), 2. Anu (success), 3. Ati (rescue), also known as father department, mother department, and nonduality department.These three types of yoga are practiced by Chandala butchers and others.We believe that the practice meanings of these four types of yoga all have their internal interconnected principles, the first three being the first three.The Department of Work, the Department of Action, and the Department of Yoga all have the spirit of the Supreme Yoga Department, and they merge with each other to enter the realm of indifference.It seems that yoga esoteric religion could be practiced by believers of the four races in India at that time.Yoga Tantra flourished in India for three hundred years. Later, due to the invasion of various sects in other countries and the revival of Brahmanism in India, Buddhist Tantra and other sects gradually declined.Esoteric Buddhism has also spread to Tibet and other places.Buddhism in India, after the Buddha passed away for 1,600 years, gradually became extinct and became unknown in Tianzhu.After the thirteenth century, it was almost completely wiped out.After the nineteenth century, Buddhism was introduced to India from Sri Lanka, and gradually revived.Recently, the Kingdom of Nepal is also engaged in the work of recording and printing the Tripitaka of Pali scriptures and laws in Indian letters.In recent years, many Buddhist groups have been established in European and American countries to engage in research and publicity activities.

(3) Pali and Sanskrit Buddhism Pali is the popular language used by the Buddha in Magadha, and it is a popular language.The Buddha used this language when he preached the scriptures in various places.But this popular Pali language is no longer commonly used in India.Now it is preserved by the Buddhist classics, and Pali translates it as classics.The customs and habits of ancient India were to memorize various classics or books by oral transmission, and did not pay attention to recording them in writing.It was not until the 5th century A.D. that Master Jueyin, a great virtuous and eminent monk from the Magadha Kingdom, went to Ceylon and recorded all the Buddhist scriptures in Pali and the Tripitaka in the Sinhala language of Ceylon.The original Pali alphabet no longer exists.Sanskrit is an elegant language of ancient India.Indians claim to be descendants of Brahma, so their language is called Sanskrit, which is the language of Brahma.Their script is called Sanskrit.According to Buddhism, above the desire realm, there are eighteen Brahma heavens in the form realm, and there is a great Brahma king.Fanzhejing also means clean.The classics of Northern Buddhism are translated from Sanskrit.However, there are also a small number of translations from Pali.

The spread of Indian Buddhism formed two language families of Southern Buddhism and Northern Buddhism.In 300 BC, because Ashoka believed in Buddhism, he sent missionaries to spread the teachings of Sakyamuni Buddha from India to various regions.Later, in 200 A.D., with the strong support of King Kanishka, Buddhism developed further outwards.Theravada Buddhism spread from India to Burma, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Laos, Thailand, and the Dai, Benglong, and Bulang ethnic groups in Yunnan Province, China.These are all Theravada Buddhism belonging to the Pali system, also known as Theravada Buddhism.Northern Buddhism is the Mahayana Buddhism that spread from ancient India to China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, as well as my country's Tibet, Mongolian, Tu, Qiang, Guyu, Mongolia and the Soviet Union, all of which belong to the Sanskrit system.However, a small part of Theravada Pali Buddhism was introduced to Han in the early days, also known as Northern Buddhism.