Chapter 86 The Attempt to Revaluate All Values ​​The Will to Power Section 18

the will to power attempt to revaluate all values Section 18 <674> There is an infinity of phenomena arising within an organism, and that part of which we are conscious is purely means.Because, the rest of the population will prove in a radical way that certain "morality", "selflessness" and similar fictions are deceitful.It is instructive to study our organism from a wholly amoral point of view.  … In principle, the animal function is a thousand times superior to all good states and consciousnesses.For the latter becomes superfluous once it ceases to be a means of the animal function.The whole meaningful life, including soul, heart, good, moral spirit.Who do they serve? —The means (means of nourishment, means of improvement) that serve the basic functions of animality as perfect as possible are primarily means of life-enhancing. Rather, the cause lies primarily in what is called "body" and "meat".Because everything else is a small accessory.Continue to weave the whole chain of life, this is the mission, to make this chain stronger and stronger-this is the mission.But look!Heart, soul, morality, spirit conspire against this principled mission, as if they were the end! ...The degeneration of life is generally determined by the special ability to falsify consciousness.Because, at least life is determined by instinct, so life suffers the longest and the consequences are serious.

The value or worthlessness of life is measured according to the feeling of conscious happiness or unhappiness.Can you think of a better abuse of vanity than this?It is indeed only a means:--in the same way comfort and discomfort are only means! So, by what standard does value measure itself?Only in terms of the increased and organized share of power. <694> The standard of failure and misfortune that arises from this must also be raised in the case of an opposing force found by a force whose purpose is to subdue it.For, as soon as a force loses its resistance, every action must become part of the pain.Pain only serves to stimulate life and strengthen the will to power!

<696> Satisfaction of the will is not the cause of pleasure (I especially criticize this extremely superficial theory—because it fudges what follows in a psychological way—); obstacles.Happiness is the dissatisfaction of the will, that is, if the will does not meet opponents and resistance, it will not obtain corresponding satisfaction. - "Happy man": this is the ideal of the herd. <697> Dissatisfaction with our desires is normal.For example, dissatisfaction with hunger, sex, and exercise is nothing low-key in itself; it can even be said that dissatisfaction stimulates a sense of life, just as every rhythm produced by a tiny pain stimulus strengthens certain emotions that even pessimism can't. Something to sell us.This dissatisfaction is the specific stimulant of life without detracting from it.

(Perhaps one would describe the whole sensation of pleasure as a rhythm of tiny painful stimuli). <711> Where "values" don't work:—— Where it is considered that the total process of human labor is not taken seriously, because there is no such thing as a total process (the total process is considered a system); Where there is no small "totality"; where all devaluation of human life, of purpose, is considered impossible (because it is for something that does not exist); Where "proliferation of consciousness" is considered not the end, but the enhancement of power.For the utility of consciousness is the result of increased power; so is the attitude towards pleasure and pain.

Where it is believed that one does not have access to the means of producing the highest standard of value (that is, if consciousness itself is only a means, one cannot attain conscious states like pleasure, pain—); Where the world is considered not an organism at all, but a mess, that is, where the development of "spirituality" is regarded as no more than a means to achieve a period of relative stability in organizational formation; Where it is considered that, in the totality of existence, all "desirability" means nothing. <669> "Pain" and "pleasure" are the silliest expressions of judgment imaginable.This does not mean, of course, that judgments restless due to pleasure and pain are necessarily foolish.It is imperative brevity to reduce affirmation and negation to eager possession, or the will to repel, excluding all argument and logic, but their utility is undeniable, referring to pleasure and pain.They originate in the middle of intelligence; they presuppose infinitely accelerated perception, planning, coordination, complementation, inference.Pleasure and pain are always inferential phenomena, not "causes".

Identify phenomena that are said to provoke pain and pleasure, depending on the degree of power.That is to say, the degree to which a tiny amount of power, requiring immediate defense in case of danger, can have the resulting pleasurable stimulus, that is, the sense of pleasure, when aware of a greater power-filling. All feelings of happiness and pain already take the balance of total utilitarianism and total harmfulness as the premise.That is, a sphere in which the will for ends (states) and the corresponding choice of means arise.Pleasure and pain can never be "prime facts". The sensations of pleasure and pain are the reactions of the will (desires) by which the center of wisdom determines the value of a certain change which has occurred as a total value and at the same time serves as the precursor of the reaction.

<708> Talk about "generated" value. —If the motion of the world has a purpose, it must be attainable.But the only basic fact tells us that this movement has no purpose at all.And any philosophical and scientific hypotheses (such as mechanism) that make this purpose necessary have failed in the face of this basic fact. I am trying to find a world scheme that rationalizes this fact.Becoming, should be clarified, this ultimate intention cannot be circumvented.For becoming should be justified and omnipresent at all times (or rather, it will not depreciate, since all phenomena can be reduced to one point); it is not permissible to justify present things for the sake of something in the future; or , It is also not allowed to justify the past for the sake of today's things. "Necessity" is not the total power that dominates exclusively, nor is it the first driving force; nor is it necessarily said out of the need to restrict valuable things.For this reason, it is necessary to deny the total consciousness of generation, that is, "God", so as not to make the phenomenon be affected by the viewpoint of people who share the same feeling and have no desire.For, "God" is useless if he wants nothing; on the other hand, this also presupposes a generalization of pleasure and illogicality, which may devalue the total value of "becoming".Happily there is no such right to generalization (—a suffering, far-sighted God, the "General Consciousness" and "Universal Spirit," is perhaps the greatest indictment of existence).

To be more precise, one should not allow any being to be present at all—for with being, becoming loses its value and immediately becomes meaningless and superfluous. We therefore ask: How does the phantasy of beings come about; In the same way: all value judgments based on hypotheses (that is, existence) are invalid. At this point, however, it is recognized that this existential hypothesis is the source of all slander (—"a better world", "the real world", "a world beyond", "things in themselves"). 1.Becoming, without purpose; Becoming, seeping into Being.

2.Becoming has no state of existence; the world of existence may be an illusion. 3.generated, are equivalent at all times.For, the total amount generated is constant; in other words: generation has no value at all, because it cannot be measured, because it lacks something to do with the meaning of the word "value".The total value of the world does not depreciate, so philosophical pessimism belongs to cosmic things. <715> The concept of "value" is the condition of preservation and improvement in terms of the comprehensive product that generates the relative duration of internal life.

There is no permanent, final unity, no atoms, no monads.For the "beings" here are implanted by us (for practical, beneficial, perspective-like reasons). "Product of domination": The scope of domination is constantly increasing, or periodically rises and falls according to the good or bad of the environment (nutrition-). "Value" is, in essence, this conception of ascending and descending centers of domination (in a word, "numerous"; however, there is no "unity" at all in the natural world that becomes). "Becoming" does not need language as a means of expression.Because it belongs to our irreplaceable need for preservation, that is, the need to always posit a coarser world of "residues," "things," etc.We can speak of atoms and monads relatively.Indeed, the smallest world, the world of infinite duration in terms of duration... has no will, because there is a temporary agreement that the will is constantly increasing or decreasing or losing power.

<701> "The total amount of pain exceeds the total amount of pleasure. Therefore, the non-existence of the world exceeds the existence of the world"—"The world is an irrational thing because it causes more pain to the subject of sensation than pleasure "—the same empty phrase that calls itself pessimism today! Pleasure and pain are secondary, not causes; they are second-rate value judgments, derived primarily from ruling values—expressing "stakes" in the form of sensations, and thus transient and incidental.Because, in any "stakes" there are hundreds of whys to be asked. I despise this sensitive pessimism because it is a profound expression of the poverty of life. <344> Not Knowing Self: The Wisdom of the Idealist.Idealist: For, this is the man who has reason to be ambiguous about himself, he is wise enough to be ambiguous about himself. <252> Christianity is not to be easily excused for its stupidity in destroying men like Pascal.One must never let go of the struggle against it, for it willfully destroys the strongest and noblest soul.As long as this evil behavior does not change, there must be no peace.Because Christianity fabricates the ideal of man, that is, the requirement for man, which is the affirmation and negation of the question about man.Christianity has left behind a whole body of outlandish fables, cobbled together concepts, and theologies that have nothing to do with us; they might be even more outlandish, but we don't necessarily mind.But we shall fight against that ideal, which by its morbid beauty and feminine allure, by its slanderous eloquence, will persuade every soul weary of cowardice and vain--the strongest are sometimes negligent- —as if everything that seemed most useful and desirable in this state (trust, unscrupulousness, undemanding, patience, fraternity, devotion to God, self-forgetfulness, etc.) were also most useful and desirable; as if The soul, that small, nonsensical freak, the morally mediocre animal and herd-man, is not only superior to the stronger, more vicious, hungrier, more wanton, more extravagant beings who have suffered so much, but, as if it were they It is as if they have given ideals, goals, standards, and the highest desirability to ordinary people.In the past, the establishment of such an ideal was one of the most ominous temptations man could ever have.For this ideal threatens man's special status and fortunate state of robustness, in which the will to power and the will to ascend for all mankind advance.decline, which thoroughly examines the growth of the higher man with ideal values, because the higher man voluntarily endures a life of peril in order to adapt to higher demands and tasks (in economic terms: the entrepreneur's expenditure is proportional to the probability of failure ).We must overcome the following points of Christianity: it destroys the strong; it frustrates the spirit of the strong; A crisis of conscience; it is good at poisoning the noble instincts until the force of the instincts and the will to power fail and turn against themselves—until the strong perish through indiscriminate self-contempt and self-abuse, the well-known sad end of Pascal. <304> Talk about the ideal of a moralist. —This treatise is on the great politics of morality.We have chosen this article for those who are obliged to learn, not how one becomes moral, but how one makes moral—that is, how one makes morality reign.I would go so far as to prove that man has nothing but morality in mind to seek dominion; that he would then give up the idea of ​​becoming a moral man.The sacrifice is huge, but perhaps worth it.Even worse sacrifices! . . . some of the most eminent moralists have taken great risks.That is to say, they have recognized and predicted for the first time the truth taught by the text: that one can achieve moral dominion only by the same means as by attaining dominion, but not by moral means anyway... … As already stated, this essay is about the politics of morality: for it presupposes an ideal of that politics, and it describes it as it would be imagined, if there were anything perfect in the world.Now every philosopher has no doubts about what has become the politically perfect type; that is, Machiavellianism.But this doctrine, that is, simplicity, no impurities, roughness, freshness, all-out effort, and infinite expansion, is superhuman, divine, and transcendent, beyond the reach of human beings.Even in this narrower type of politics, the politics of morality, ideals seem unattainable.Even Plato has only touched the edge of ideals.If one has the ability to see into the hidden, one will find in the unrestrained and voluntary moralists (moral statesmen—the title given to the founders of the new moral violence) traces of their respect for human weakness. .They, too, are moralists for their own sake, at least when they are weary: that is the chief fault, and every moralist is no exception—that is to say, they are amoralists of action.As for their failure to appear in the latter guise, that is another matter.Or, rather, not another question.For this self-denial of principles (moral parlance; perversion) belongs equally to the maxim of the moralist and his obligatory teachings: for without self-denial the moralist never arrives at his own perfect type.To be free from morality is to be free from truth, for the purpose that pays for all sacrifices, that is, for moral dominion—so says the maxim.Moralists need rituals of morality as well as gestures of truth; moralists only begin to err when they concede to morality, when they lose control of morality, when it becomes real.Moreover, great moralists are necessarily good showmen; the danger is that their habit of perverting truth and wrong becomes unconsciously natural, just as it was the moralist's ideal to discern being and action in divine ways; All that the benevolent angle does is reluctance—a lofty, distant, appetizing ideal!Divine ideal!In fact, according to hearsay, there is no example lesser than God to which moralists follow.Because God is the greatest immoralist, but he is good at maintaining his original identity—a good God... <305> Relying on morality alone cannot build a building of moral rule; relying on morality itself will give up power and lose the will to power. <566> The "real world", however one may have imagined it before - is still the apparent world. <542> If the character of life is false—and there is such a possibility—what is truth, all our truths? ... Isn't it a frenzied fake?Is not a higher power of falsehood? ... <949> It is the result of a haughty and domineering will that men risk their lives, their health, their honor.For, not from love of man, but from all serious dangers that challenge us, to the extent that we are curious about our own strength and courage. <1022> Because our minds are always filled with the pressure of unabated force and tension, it will produce a state of impending rain.Natures like ours get gloomy.This, too, is "pessimism"...it is the doctrine that puts an end to the above state, because it commands: revaluation of all values.In order to point out the way out of the accumulated power, so that these powers burst into lightning and thunder, and turn into action-there is no need to talk about happiness at all.For a revaluation of all values ​​would unleash that hitherto dull and occluded power, and it would bring happiness. <858> The share of power commensurate with your rank determines the rank; the rest are cowards. <1047> Gender, desire for domination, desire for ornament and deceit, gratitude for life and its typical state - generally associated with pagan worship, and with an introverted equanimity. ——Unnatural (as early as in ancient Greek culture) has already declared war on paganism in the face of morality and dialectics. <570> If one is a philosopher, as one has always been, one has no vision of the past, that is, of the future—one sees only what is.But since there is nothing existing at all, the philosopher is left with only his fictional "world". <868> The general appearance of the future European: the most intelligent and wise slave animal, busy, unpretentious, a little unbridled curiosity, numerous, weak, weak-willed-cosmopolitical chaotic passion and ingenuity.How can a stronger beauty arise from this?What about producing beauty with classical aesthetics?Classical aesthetics: that is, the will to simplify, intensify, the visibility of happiness, the will to terror, that is, the courage to be naked (—simplification is the result of the will to intensify; to make visible happiness, that is, nudity, is the will to terror the result of……).To struggle to this form out of chaos—it requires a choice: for one must choose, either to perish or to succeed.A ruling race can only arise from a start of terror and coercion.The question is, where are the barbarians of the 20th century?Obviously, only after the serious crises of socialism have they emerged and consolidated themselves—must be ruthless to themselves, that is, elements capable of persevering their will to the death. <690> People can't rediscover the reasons for all development in the process of studying development; people don't want it to be "generating", let alone think it is becoming... "will to power" cannot be changed. <1004> Observation, you will get a certain height and a bird's eye view, if people understand all the things that should be and have practical actions.For any "imperfection" and the tolerance of imperfection belong to the highest level of consonance. <971> Man, as a man of destiny, bears destiny because he bears himself.Man is the typical, heroic porter: ah!How one wishes one day to take a good rest!How much man longs for a firm heart and an unyielding neck, for a moment's relief from the weight!But longing is in vain! ... people wait; they sit and watch all who come and go: but not even a thousandth of them have tolerance and passion.They are not satisfied, and no one knows how long they will have to wait... Over time, they must learn the first important life lesson: don't wait; and then learn the second lesson: be friendly, behave modestly, and immediately start to calm down —In short, they must be as tolerant as ever before. <356> Modesty, diligence, kindness, moderation: Is this what you hope for others?kind person?But it seems to me that this is nothing more than the ideal slave, the slave of the future. <358a> Ideal slaves ("good people"). —Anyone who cannot set himself as an "end", and cannot set an end from himself at all, will give credit to the morality of egolessness-instinctively.His intelligence, his experience, his vanity, all persuade him to become egoless.At the same time, faith is nothing but de-selfization.