Chapter 24 Two or four plans

Big plans refer to decisions and measures that have a big impact on groups.It has great influence, so we have to seek good things and be cautious. Let me talk about the big plan first.From the theoretical side (the practical side is always difficult to draw the line), it can be divided into two categories.One is directional, that is, in order to live a better life, we think which way we should go.This is also an opinion, in general, far-sighted, and will involve a system, coming from a certain view or belief, usually called doctrine.The other category is not looking at the future, but at least three to five years, and as many as ten or eight years. The focus is roughly two aspects: one aspect, there are problems with the old situation or measures, and new methods must be adopted. Governance; on the other hand, although it can be passed without changing the course, in order to change Qi into Lu, it is reasonable and beneficial to switch to the new law.The former category has a large and far-reaching influence, and is called a big plan, which is worthy of the name.As for the latter category, the content is complex and all-encompassing, and there are only a few of them. Those that have a large impact, such as household contracting and family planning, can be counted as major plans; Although it is also an important measure.Because the scope and degree of influence are limited, it can not be counted.Let’s talk about these two types of plans first.

The first kind of plan is a view or opinion as to how to formulate the whole social formation and the way of life of all the people in it.Obviously, if this is put into practice, the breadth and depth of influence will be too great.Its direct (not necessarily short-term) result is the ups and downs of social order and chaos, and the difficulties and joys and sorrows of life for men, women, and children.If the impact is great, the problem cannot be small.One of the first questions that may come to mind is whether this view comes from a saving heart.This question comes from theory, that is to say, in theory, it is "possible" not to save the world; as for reality, there is almost no such possibility.However, the intention to save the world and whether it can save the world are two different things.Taking the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom as an example, the rebellion against the Qing Dynasty and some new measures are of course aimed at saving the world. However, after the capture of Nanjing, the people are forced to worship the Father and Brother Heaven at night and the young couples live in separate male and female halls. I don’t know what happens to the believers , As for ordinary people, it will be unbearable.Therefore, when evaluating this kind of plan, the eyes should not be on the motivation, but on the effect.The aspect of effect includes two aspects: one is whether the new form conceived is really good; the other is whether the assumption is really good and whether it can be realized.Both problems are difficult to solve.Let’s talk about whether it is good or not first. The evaluation can be done metaphysically, from the perspective of philosophy; or metaphysically, from the perspective of people’s likes and dislikes.No matter which side starts, the result will not be the same.Everyone sees each other, what should we do?Philosophical people give reasons, but this is still different from each other.Ordinary people use arbitrary methods, quarreling about how they are right, and scolding dissidents for being unreasonable.In this way, when we come to a crossroads, where to go, even if the theoretical or ideal method can be adopted by the majority (of course, whether the majority can be used as a basis for judging good or bad is still a problem); in reality, the final decision-making power is there.It's always available "instantly".This is force, which can be in line with reason or not; but since you have made your choice, you have to try it, and there is no other way to go.In a word, it can be seen that although the judgment of whether this kind of plan is good or not is extremely important, it is almost impossible to obtain a reasonable and satisfactory result of the judgment.Besides, can it really be realized.Obviously, this can only be known by experiment, over a long or short period of time.There will also be unfavorable conditions, that is, manpower is difficult to estimate: one.People are alive, and they will not act 100% according to previous estimates and expectations; on the other hand, there may be unexpected changes in the objective situation; in short, according to the law of cause and effect, the cause cannot be fixed, and whether the effect can be realized as it is It's suspicious.In this way, according to the above analysis, whether the directional plan is good or not, and whether it can be realized, becomes uncertain.But human beings, extended to society, have to survive, so they can't wait for a certainty and then move.Therefore, ideals are valuable and worthy of attention after all.Here again, there is a ambiguity. To use a metaphor, if you have to eat and you are afraid of burning your mouth, how to deal with it?

Some people hate the mild mean.In fact, many things about people's life style are often difficult to adapt to sudden changes, but easy to adapt to slow changes and small changes.Slow and small is the middle way.To give one or two outstanding examples, worshiping Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva in the morning and evening, asking for blessings, is considered by those who are full of Mr. Sai to be a superstition, which should be broken. Disciples will not be able to stand it, no matter how much it is, it will not be of much use, because as long as the faith is still there, sooner or later they will look into the sky and worship.Another example is that freedom is a lofty belief, and no one dares to touch it, even a little bit, but when it comes to the freedom of choosing not to live (usually to end unbearable pain), there is always neither reason to refute it, nor is it unreasonable. Dare to agree.In a situation like this, the way we deal with it is to recognize the freedom of religious belief in the former way, and pretend to turn a blind eye to the latter.Acknowledging, pretending, seeing something but not doing it for the time being, this is the middle way.The middle way to deal with directional plans is to give consideration to ideals and reality.This is like wading in the dark night, holding a wooden stick, and walking tentatively. It is an ideal to reach the other side, but it is reality to move after tentatively.There are many benefits to doing this, the biggest of which is the list.First, an ideal is just "one" point of view, and its value is not absolute, that is to say, it may not be good, or not very good. If you try it out, the risk of being wrong will be less.Second, taking reality into account at all times can not only correct the ideal (if there is something wrong), but also ensure the realization of the ideal.The third and most important is that individuals in the group can adapt easily, so there will be fewer difficulties and even fewer hardships.If the people-oriented principle is accepted, compared with the suffering and happiness of the living people, all the great principles and crowned names are insignificant.Therefore, it is only for the sake of the living and the people to be able to adapt and be able to bear it. It is a last resort and a rare compromise between the ideal and the reality.It is safer to be more realistic.

Let's talk about the second category of big plans, aiming at the reality, taking some kind of measures involving the whole people in order to cure diseases and improve them.Compared with directional plans, plans of this nature are not too problematic, as long as those who have the right to come up with ideas and implement them are not addicted to reverie.Daydream is divorced from reality, so to deal with this kind of big plan, the principle of taking both ideals and reality into account also applies.Compared with the ideal of directional plans, this ideal of dealing with reality is short-sighted, so the impact will not be too far-reaching.But since there is a change, its influence cannot but touch the lives of the people (or a part of them), and thus it will produce joy and sorrow.When it comes to suffering and happiness, the problem is not simple.Focusing on quantity (distinguishing quality is more complicated), suffering and happiness have both current and long-term dimensions. Sometimes in order to avoid long-term great suffering, one would rather endure the present minor suffering.Family planning is a typical example. Due to the ignorance and arbitrariness of a certain period, the population increased excessively, and a bowl of porridge was eaten by several monks, and difficulties came.If there is no restriction, even greater difficulties will come before you.However, restricting young couples to have one child, and those who are still superstitious will feel distressed.This is the inconsistency between ideal and reality.What to do, I have to favor ideals.But this kind of partiality is not about ignoring the reality, but taking into account the reality of the future; there is another factor that is the most important, that is to be sure, because otherwise, one day you will eventually fall into the situation of lemmings, when all the food is gone, you have to jump together ocean.Therefore, in dealing with issues related to major plans, in addition to the principle of taking into account both ideals and reality, there is another additional principle, or it is also called a principle, that is, to be sure.

How can you be sure?Take the road as a metaphor.Once set off from Beijing.Take a car to Mutianyu Great Wall.After the car passed Huairou, the road became unclear, with many forks, and sometimes it seemed to be winding.I thought to myself, can this not go wrong?But it didn't take long for it to arrive.I sincerely admire the driver's ability to recognize the road, and I said in my heart, I can't.It is true that experts should be trusted.This is more broadly speaking, and knowledge should be respected.Compared with going to a certain place by car, the great plan about the joy and sorrow of the whole people and the rise and fall of the country is a big deal, so as mentioned at the beginning of this article, we must be cautious.Prudence does not mean not to do it, but to listen to experts (generally group discussions) before deciding on measures.In other words, science should be the master, not one person.Experts, seeing the destination, will clearly know which road to follow, what problems will be encountered during the itinerary, and how to solve them.Moreover, if some people with the same professional knowledge are required to participate in the discussion, there will inevitably be disputes in the discussion, and generally the obviously untenable ones will be discarded.Therefore, there is no other way to be cautious, but to trust science and distrust someone's fantasy.

In order to be safe, it is necessary to be cautious.This means that before any plan can be called a big plan, it must be approved by the people before it is put into practice.As mentioned earlier, the people, whose number is too large, can only exercise the right of approval or refutation by their representative bodies.Such an institution, such as a parliament, must of course study and discuss before ratifying or rejecting it, and the results may have to be condensed into the form of a law.In short, as far as the spirit is concerned, it is better to be more cautious in science, because the big plan is big, the impact is far-reaching, and even human life is at stake, so it has to be like this.