Chapter 16 16 management
As I said earlier, people have to live in groups from the moment they are born.They became monks and moved from the lanes to the monastery. The monastery has a Sangha system, and they still live in a group life.They even die and have no life anymore. In the past, someone had to build the coffin and hold the weft. Now, someone has to be sent to the crematorium and someone presses the button to light the fire. It is still inseparable from the group.Crowds need some kind of order so that they can be safe when they are still and obey them when they are moving, so they need to be organized.To be organized, we have to do a lot of things and deal with a lot of problems, so we have to divide the labor.Division of labor, people are in many large and small organizations, there are many people, there are many things, and they all follow when they think about activities, so they have to be managed by someone.Management has a broad meaning.For example, if a person is a soldier, a farmer, a businessman, and a soldier, he must have some books. When the books are not in use, they must have a place to stay. Therefore, in order to be easy to find and convenient to use, the books are divided into several categories, and a certain category is placed somewhere. Also management.Another example is a certain man who resigned at an old age and has leisure, so he can’t write "Fu of Leisure Love". The leisure is unbearable, so he has to raise birds, so he has to feed, run away, and clean up, etc. This is also management.But usually the so-called management, the object must be someone.For example, the patriarchal parent is in charge of the people and things of the whole family, and the store manager is in charge of the people and things of the whole store, until the largest country, or the president or.Urgent management is in charge of the people and affairs of the whole country.
The size of the organization has a size, so the scope of management also has a size.In a young couple, women are superior to men, food, clothing, housing, transportation, all arrangements, and all expenses are decided by the woman, and this management may be the smallest.Zooming in from this, this lady belongs to a certain factory when she goes to work, and belongs to a certain street when she gets off work. The factory is an organization, and the street is an organization, and there must be someone to manage it.Zooming in further, until it is as large as the country, it is still an organization, and it still needs someone to manage it.If the scope is large, management must be divided and combined.Some are divided into several levels.The army is the most obvious example. Starting from the lower ranks, from squads to platoons, to companies, to battalions, to divisions, to the army, and to the departments in charge of public security and national defense, the big ones are all in charge of the small, and the small ones are even smaller.Hierarchy is the division of labor in management with upper and lower divisions.This kind of division of labor can also have no distinction between upper and lower levels. For example, a unit can be divided into several departments or groups due to different businesses.In this way, the management of a large organization, the number of levels multiplied by groups, or the number or tricks will be dazzling.
The principle of how much is better or less is easy to say, and it also applies to the so-called principle of O’Connell’s razor in philosophy, which cuts off everything that can be avoided.It's hard to say exactly.For example, it is difficult to determine whether it is useful or not, and it is difficult to decide whether to cut it or keep it.Another situation is that, as the saying goes, if you say that things can be cut off because of people, neither the person who set them up nor the person who set them up will agree.debate?The public says that the public is right, and the mother-in-law says that the mother-in-law is right, and the result is bound to be a stalemate, and nothing will happen.But this will make us understand a more radical principle than Ocon's razor. Although it will be difficult to apply it, it is when you are not sure whether to stay or not. I would rather cut it and try it than delay it for a while. .
Because organizations are qualitatively different, management is also qualitatively different.The nature depends on who you manage, what you manage, and how you manage it.This difference, specifically speaking, will obviously be infinitely many.But in terms of impact, it can be divided into two categories.One class can be named ordinary, although there are infinitely many, but the same is irrelevant.For example, Zhang San is a store manager who sells department stores, and Li Si is the production team leader of an agricultural cooperative. They manage different people and things, but when they meet together, they can be equal.Why?It is such a distinction that does not include a difference in power.The difference, including the difference in power, is the most important difference. Specifically, some management is political, and some management is not political.For example, the management of provincial and county governments is political, but the management of Zhang San and Li Si mentioned just now is not political.The difference between the two manifests itself in the magnitude of coercive power.Or to put it simply, there is a difference in nature, that is: for those who seriously disobey management, the political ones have the right to use force, and if the rule of law is not perfect, they also have the right to use prisons until they are executed; non-political ones do not.Therefore, we focus on society and talk about management, and what we care most about is political management.The analogy is that it is a pillar, standing in the center of the field, and people living in a group are scattered around. All aspects of their lives, their joys and sorrows, and even their survival are all connected to this pillar by ropes, so the situation becomes, if you want to turn a blind eye, Listening but not hearing, trying to save worry, but there is no escape between heaven and earth.
Or talk about management in general.Management is manifested as someone arranges and someone obeys.The number of people who obey and the number of people who are not arranged are very important, because right or wrong or gains and losses are mostly determined by the arrangement, that is, how to manage.The number of people in management is obviously restricted by the size of the organization.For small families, small individual shops, etc., there can be at most ten or eight people, and usually one person giving orders is enough.Such a person has the final say, and it may be inappropriate or even wrong, but the influence is small, and it is easier to change, so it can be said that it does not matter much.As the scale of the organization increases, the number of managers has to increase, so often, the management organization becomes an organization, which will create new problems, the problem of who decides.If this problem is solved well, there will be gains, and if it is not solved, there will be losses.Also, this problem always gets worse with the size of the organization, and with the power.So seriously, for two reasons.One is such a management agency, exercising its powers.It is likened to a free-moving horse running in the wilderness, but it happens to run steadily and smoothly, which is not easy.The second is that if the running is not stable or smooth, it will inevitably produce bad results. Of course, this fruit is not what people who are connected to the pillars with ropes are willing to eat, but they must eat it.
How to solve the problem?From a theoretical point of view, it is very simple. It is to find a way to ensure that the horse will walk steadily and smoothly.Speaking positively about personnel affairs means that the managers have reason in their hearts and skills in their hands.But this is theory, and it can only be implemented in practice through practice.But when it comes to reality, here comes the problem.One is that such people may not be many, or even exist.The second is, even if there is, is there any way to ensure that such a person will become a management person? Looking at society, especially looking at history, small organizations, managers often come from human relationships, such as hereditary, family status, nepotism, stuffing Flattery, bribery, and so on.The same goes for the largest organizations, plus "instantly available."That is to say, management rights are often obtained not because they are reasonable, but because they are powerful.
How can it be reasonable?The problem is too big and too complicated, so we will discuss it later.Another problem here is that there is more than one person in management, and the decision-making power belongs to who.Ordinary organizations, as long as the scale is not small, will also have such problems, but because the impact is not large and the degree is not deep, it can be ignored.The most important ones are political organizations, especially the most senior ones.Research in this area is called the theory of sovereignty, and even China has published monographs.It focuses on two issues.One is who owns the "true" sovereignty, because sometimes there are differences between the name and the reality. Taking the history of our country as an example, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the sovereignty belonged to Han Xiandi in name, but in reality it was in the hands of Cao Cao.This was also the case in the early years of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty. In name the sovereignty belonged to Emperor Qian Jiaqing, but in fact it was in the hands of the Supreme Emperor Qianlong.Another, more important question is who should call the shots, or best.In the era of autocratic monarchs, this is not a problem, because theoretically, the emperor has to be recognized as wise.Fortunately, there are not many such systems on our small planet.The opposite of the monarchy is "democracy" in various forms and names.The people, including the immature ones, are too numerous to count. In theory, they can all go to the Lord, but in reality, they can’t all go to the Lord.That is to say, in fact, it cannot but be divided into management and the governed, or those who govern and those who are governed.A ruler requires rationality and skill, so he encounters the problem of how to do it.Theoretically, this problem will spread to all aspects.In practice, and even in theory, it is necessary to focus on the following questions: (1) is it decided by one person or more than one person; Consideration; third, it is decided by more than one person, how to achieve the idea must be, at least roughly reasonable; fourth, everything may be wrong, and management may also be wrong. Is there any way to prevent and remedy.Obviously, these are both important and complicated, so we have to leave them for later discussion.
Regarding management, there is also a question of whether to be lenient or strict, or which is better.In my opinion, this is also difficult to solve in theory, and it can only be discussed as it stands.Theory and standards are the requirements of management.If it is possible to be lenient, then there is no need to be strict. The reason is that three chapters of the law are better than the law.If you can't get it, you can only show no mercy.