Chapter 13 part two society

I am myself, and there are others besides myself.This is a self-evident truth for ordinary people, and there is no need to learn from Descartes to prove it. There is a reason for this situation, that is, I am one, occupying a position in the long chain of ethnicity.Let's regard this link as the present, and look at the past, some situations can be known, and some situations cannot be known.If not too distant ancestors.Because it is created in heaven and earth, birth requires the harmony of yin and yang. We can infer that for any person, the ancestor of the first generation is 2, the second generation is 4, the third generation is 8, the fourth generation is 16, the fifth generation is 32, and the sixth generation is 64. The number of hexagrams, the algorithm of multiplying by 2 for pushing up a generation is known.There are still unknown, one, how many generations can be pushed, that yin and yang can still be called a person; two, to break the limit of being called a person, to reach the starting point.Besides, looking into the future, there will be three uncertainties: first, whether it can play a role in the first link is uncertain, because it may also be sterile, and the reason may be objective or subjective; Combination, the number of rings that continue downwards is uncertain, because, speaking of each age and region, the number of births is uncertain; third, speaking of the entire chain, the end point is uncertain, at least it cannot be known.The most important thing here is that people have life, and they can change from nothing to something, and they can't leave others. Everyone is a member of the group.

The above is from the fundamental aspect.There are also branches and leaves, which have many aspects of expression, and from the perspective of one's own feelings, it is more important.Just say three aspects.Or as an example.One aspect is that when you can't take care of yourself, you have to rely on others.This mainly includes two situations.One is young, the so-called three years can not escape the arms of their parents.Now it has to be expanded and extended to include nurseries, kindergartens, and even primary schools.The other is illness, including disability, and we have to rely on others, especially people's livelihood, for support.There is another kind of aging, the heart is higher than the sky, and the strength is stronger than the cow. It cannot be avoided that old people will be useless, so they have to rely on the young and strong to take care of them.Except for the three situations, death is not mentioned, because the fear, sorrow, difficulty and other problems caused by death belong to the living.The dead are done.Another aspect is mutual aid or interdependence or division of labor.You only need to close your eyes and think about it.Taking my personal experience as an example, without avoiding any omissions, I will only say that I go from my suburban residence to my work unit in the city once a week.Get up at six and know it is six because you listen to the clock, which is made in Germany, or look at the watch, which is made in Japan.Get out of bed, put on clothes, more than one piece, I don't know how much it is man-made.There were eggs and milk earlier, and I don't know how much it is artificial.When you go out, the road is clear, and you know someone has swept it.When you board the car and drive the car, what you can see is the driver, but what you can't see are the countless people who made the car.Until I got out of the car and entered the office, there was a letter on the table, which was delivered by the postman; if I didn't play the chant, I could add that the paper and ink were made by someone else.In short, just like this, it can be proved that people, leaving others, it is inconvenient to say the least, and it is impossible to live if it is more serious.Mutual aid and interdependence vary in scope.As far as time is concerned, the further back the range is, the larger it is.In the time of Lao Tzu, at least it was conceived that "old age and death will not communicate with each other".In the Middle Ages, one could basically close oneself to the outside world.This is not the case in modern times. A talented man should use an American gold pen, and a beautiful woman should use a French face powder.In terms of region, the more civilized the wider the scope.Just take China as an example. Compared with mountain villages in big cities, people in big cities especially enjoy a higher level of enjoyment. They have a lot of life styles and naturally have more places to rely on others.Another aspect is to learn the ways and techniques of life, and it is inseparable from others.This aspect is all-encompassing, too many to say.Only two kinds of popularization and improvement are cited as low.Popularity is what everyone wants.One is language. Everyone knows it is very useful. To learn it, you need to listen to others, and to use it, you need to speak it to others.It can also be enlarged or improved at the same time. For example, some people don’t only know one kind, and some people like ancient Minqiu, and they also learn ancient Chinese, Greek, and Latin. This learning depends on others.The other kind of popularization is occupation. If you want to have food, clothing, and life, you cannot do without this.There are many kinds of occupations, and different categories may have different levels of accuracy. Whether it is difficult or easy, you have to learn it if you want to know it.Besides, improvement is called high. One of the meanings is that it is relatively difficult, and the other is that it does not require everyone to learn it.This can also be divided into two types: ordinary and special. Ordinary refers to research and attainments in philosophy, science, art, etc.Obviously, to take the most prominent ones, like Kant's, Einstein's theory of relativity, Cao Xueqin's, and Qi Baishi's paintings, you can't make or paint without learning, and you have to learn from others.In particular, it refers to meditating on the "Tao" that Confucius said, "If you hear the Tao in the morning, you can die in the evening". Although this is far-reaching, it is more personal. Generally, it is difficult to grasp the mind. , Cheng Men Lixue.The early ones are like Confucianism, and the students sighed "Looking up makes you taller, and drilling makes you firmer", while the late ones like Zen, who have the confusion of not being able to understand the "cypress tree in front of the court", all express that they are not only learning from others, but also forgetting to eat and sleep. .All of the above situations indicate that no matter whether it is for personal life, a comfortable, rich, and upward life, or for the advancement and civilization of society, people cannot leave others.We are born, "is" born in groups, and "should" be born in groups.

We usually say that people are self, and there is an interdependent relationship between self and others.There are distances in this relationship; it is hard to say what determines the distance.Sima Qian is far away from us in terms of time. If we like to read "Historical Records", the relationship will be close.On the contrary, the neighbor's urchins often come outside the window to make noise. If we shut the door and are too deaf to hear the thunder, the relationship will be far away.In the same way, as the region expands, cosmetics must be the beauty of Paris. As far as cosmetics are concerned, the relationship with French workers is close, but the relationship with Chinese workers is far away.Here we only talk about a kind of close relationship of a special nature, which is the marriage between a man and a woman.It is interdependence as a link in the chain of racial continuity, too close.The purpose of saying this here is only to further prove that it is impossible to live without others.Some people may say that celibacy is not impossible to survive, as is the case with groups of "true" monks.My idea is that individual cannot be overthrown. That is to say, in terms of monks, the four groups of Buddhism (bhikkhu, bhikkhuni, upasaka, and upasika), the latter two are still allowed to have a married life, which does not violate the principle. Buddha seeds.

All of the above is talking about things, not involving love.From the perspective of emotion, the interdependence between self and others is also powerful and obvious.Needless to say, the relationship between close relatives (including husband and wife), except those who become monks and live a closed life, the active ones, especially those who are old, have time to spare, and can’t help talking to others; If there is no letter, the door will be silent, and it will be melancholy at least, and sad at worst.People, as seen from the outside, feel from the inside, loneliness is unbearable.It can be seen that if you want to live a happy life with less suffering only from the aspect of emotion, it is impossible to leave others.

But it is also true that there are also many conflicts between people.Conflicts can be of various natures. They can be large, such as the conflict of ideas between Confucianism and Taoism; they can be small, such as the conflict of interests.The scope can be large or small. For example, a country-to-country war is on a large scale, and two people's blushing and thick necks are fighting for a penny, which is on a small scale.It is necessary to say that people are interdependent and interdependent. How do you look at conflicts?You can look at it this way: interdependence is the essence and righteousness, conflict is the end and change, because conflicts can be avoided and should be avoided, and interdependence and interdependence are inescapable between heaven and earth.Therefore, in general, when we talk about life, we must focus on society, because we are destined to have a dual identity, one is ourselves, and the other is a member of a group.It can be deduced from this that we should be at ease with each other and try our best to make it reasonable,