Chapter 35 Remnants of Wu Zang

It is closely related to Mr. Wu Xiaoling who borrowed and read forty chapters of banknotes in the collection. Originally, there were eighty chapters, but now less than forty-one chapters are missing.There is the preface of the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong, three years before Cheng Gao Pai's book, which is a rare secret book.It is also difficult to determine whether the original copy was solid during the Qianlong period, but judging from the situation of this article, it is almost inevitable to use the original copy.The copy was not made by one hand, but made up of various copies. Let's talk about its preface first.The author of the preface is Shu Yuanwei from Hangzhou, styled Dong Yuan.He and his younger brother Shu Yuanbing came to Beijing to take the exam.But there was another person who kept the copy of the school. Shu wrote this preface at his request, so he called himself a "ke" and called that person the master of Yunpu (the word "Yun" is half incomplete, and it means to make up for it).The preface is a cliche of parallelism, and it is very long, so it cannot be fully recorded, but a few relevant ones are excerpted.His younger brother's title "Qinyuanchun" is just a perfunctory story, not very exciting.

(1) He told us that in the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789), there were only eighty chapters. Xihu's observations only stop at eighty chapters, and the whole book has not been glimpsed. I am disappointed that the dragon has no tail, there are many doubts, and the whole body of the spotted leopard is hidden. (Shu Xu) Re-opening the scroll, I hate that I haven't seen the whole leopard, and the conclusion is in vain. (Shu "Qinyuanchun") (2) There are only 80 chapters in Yunpu's collection, and these 80 chapters are pieced together. So he shook the bamboo slips, recited them orally and hand-written them, and borrowed the twenty-seven volumes from the neighbor's house to pay for the current fifty-three chapters. ... Returning the old things to the Jun's house, the Bi is almost complete in Zhao She (if it is first recorded with the Dang Lian envoy, this is also the eighty volumes).

(3) But there are originally one hundred and twenty chapters, and there are two in this preface.For example: Man Yun used ten to get five, already two to three points. That is to say, the eighty chapters get two-thirds of the one hundred and twenty chapters.Next said: From then on, the sword of Hefeng City is perfect and without difficulty; how can it probe the pearl of Chishui, nothing can knock it. That is to say, it is planned to use forty chapters to complete the eighty chapters, and it is very promising.As for the whole book, it should be one hundred and twenty chapters, and there is a clear text in the preface:

The full letter was sent to Sibu, and the husband Qinguan was still missing. The original code of "Qinguan Baier" comes from "Historical Records? Gaozu Benji" [13], "Baier" originally meant one hundred and two, but "Qinguan Baier" is already an idiom, so you don't have to stick to it if you continue to use it.This hundred and twenty is the abbreviation of one hundred and twenty. To elaborate on the third paragraph, because this is very important, it is said that there were originally 120 chapters in the last year of Qianlong, which is slightly different from what I thought and said before.Two things are evident from his statement:

(1) It does not quite agree with what we have said.According to Zhiyanzhai's commentary, I believed that there were 30 chapters after the original 80 chapters, and they were combined into 110 chapters (see "A Study of a Dream of Red Mansions" for details), but he said there were 120 chapters. (2) It is somewhat consistent with what Cheng Weiyuan said.Cheng Jia Ben Cheng Weiyuan: However, there are only 120 volumes in the original book, but only 80 volumes are handed down today, which is not the complete version.Even if it is said that there are all of them, and they have been reviewed, there are still only 80 volumes, and readers feel quite sorry.I don't mean to think that since the book has a hundred and twenty volumes, it is not complete.

I used to think that this was a lie of Cheng and Gao, but now it seems that this is not the case. Although there are one hundred and twenty chapters of legends in the last years of Qianlong, our previous statements do not need to be overthrown, but some corrections and clarifications are needed.Three different assumptions can be made: (1) There is a rumor that one hundred and twenty chapters means one hundred and ten chapters, because the difference is only ten chapters. (2) Cao Xueqin may have plans for more than a hundred and twenty chapters, and such legends only came later.It is indeed a bit hasty to end the whole book with such a grandiose essay in thirty. (3) During the eighteen years from Xueqin's death (1763) to Cheng Ben's first trip (1791), someone continued to write forty rounds in the previous chapter, pretending to be the original work, but was found by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E caught.The program is called:

In order to search hard, he paid attention to all the book collectors and even the old paper piles.Over the past few years, there are only more than 20 volumes accumulated. One day, I accidentally got more than ten volumes on the drum, so I bought them at a high price, and read them happily. It's not a lie, it may be the truth, but he just bought a "gun".In this way, the copyright of Gao Xu's forty chapters was shaken, and Gao's brother-in-law Zhang Chuanshan and so on were just exaggerating for Lanshu.Cheng Weiyuan said: It's a friend who carefully edited it, cut off the long and made up for the short, and copied it all.

Of course it was Gao E.But how much he wrote, it is impossible to know now.The above is just my speculation, and it is still left to scholars in the country to decide. There are eighty chapters in the book, the second half is lost, and there are forty chapters left, so the chapters should be complete.However, due to the incompleteness of the book, it is not good for later generations to have a complete review, so they tore out five pages in the middle of the review, leaving only the first to thirty-nine, and the fortieth chapter uses the original eightieth chapter. The different texts of the review: such as the third chapter "Brother Tone is like a sea rewarding a boudoir teacher"; the ninth chapter "Love a romantic friend enters the school, and suspects a naughty boy to make trouble at home"; ; The twenty-fifth chapter "Psychic Jade Deceives Encountering Two Immortals" is different from the other books.The biggest difference is the 178th and 80th chapters.We know that the seventeenth and eighteenth chapters of Zhiben were combined, but the author did not divide them; the eightieth chapter of Zhiben Wumu, from the difference between these chapters, it can be seen that this book is also from Zhiben, and its origin is very ancient.

The eightieth chapter is "Xia Jingui plans to use the bait to win the favor, and the Taoist Wang jokes about the cure for jealousy", which is different from the original version of the current version.The seventeenth chapter, "The Rongguo Mansion is ordered to grant Guining", and the eighteenth chapter is "Father and Daughter Encourage Loyalty and Diligence through the Pearl Curtain, and the Xiangguan Sister and Brother Tailoring Song", which are also different from the respective books, and the eighteenth chapter The eyes are much worse.Because this is not only the difference of looking back, but also the difference of sub-turning.Originally, the Zhiben was not divided into chapters, so later each chapter was divided according to one's own will. For example, the current system of Cheng Keben and Youzheng Qiben have different titles in the 17th and 18th chapters.The reason why the titles are different is because of the different divisions, as I said in "A Study of a Dream of Red Mansions" (page 82).

Taking the seventeen chapters as the standard, the original version is the shortest, and it does not include things like Daiyu cutting purses until Baoyu leaves the garden.The Chengben is a bit longer, including preparing to return to the province and ending with inviting Miaoyu, so the sentence in its catalog is "Rongguo Mansion Returns to the Province to Celebrate the Lantern Festival", which seems to be a repetition of the last sentence of the eighteenth chapter, "The emperor favors the concubine and saves his parents".Cheng Gao probably thought that the 17th return was the preparation for returning to the province, so he talked about Rongguo Mansion; the eighteenth return was the realization of returning to the province, so it seemed inappropriate to talk about the concubine Yuan, but there was nothing to do.

The different texts of this remnant chapter have been cited above, and its classification is different from the above two categories.The seventeenth chapter is particularly long, until Yuanchun returns home, and Shitou expresses emotion, so there is a sentence in the catalogue, "Giving Guining".The eighteenth chapter began when Yuanchun entered the garden, and there was a saying that "father and daughter are loyal and diligent across the bead curtain".All in all, the contents of these three books are quite suitable for this article, and it is difficult to say which one is the best.However, the remnants of the book are divided into their own style, which shows that this book was indeed in succession with Qi Yuan before Cheng Gao's typesetting, and its fashion was in the process of copying. ——Although some places are arbitrarily changed, see below for details. When it comes to the similarities and differences of this article, I can't list them in short articles. Wang Peizhang has proofread the whole book. Here I will talk about the first chapter, the fifth chapter and the 136th chapter. The first chapter records that Zhen Shiyin saw the archway in the illusory realm. There are seven couplets on it, and everyone who read it probably remembers it, that is, "When the fake is true, the real is also fake, and there is nothing to do if there is something."But I don't know that this book is just five words: The color is empty and empty, true and false. Some people say that it was probably stolen from the "right and wrong, clearly clear day" in the Temple of the City God, and it is definitely not the original "Stone".Not to mention him.Especially in the fifth chapter, when Jia Baoyu traveled to the illusory realm, he saw the couplet and changed it back to the original words of Qiyan. Could it be that the illusory realm has changed the couplets, of course not. This proves that the fragment is not a complete copy, but a patchwork.Shu Xu has made it clear, and the handwriting transcribed in the fifth chapter is also very different from the first to fourth chapters, which is particularly evident. The thirteenth chapter records Qin Keqing's death. There is an old problem, that is, "everyone is a little suspicious".This book is not only "suspicious", but also has an extra sentence below: At that time, the whole family was all wondering and a little suspicious, saying that he didn't deserve to die. This is not necessarily the author's handwriting.But he emphasized the word "suspicious" and said that Qin Keqing definitely did not die of illness, but he did not lose his mind.This also proves that the arbitrarily changed to "sadness" was relatively late, around the time of Cheng Yiben (1792).There is an original version of "Sorrow", and it is doubtful that it is not the same as the original, and it may be modified by others based on the engraved version.The later Jiaqing Daoguang version also wrote "sadness".However, the two characters of “sadness” and “sadness” were not unified. In Guangxu’s lithograph “Golden Jade Fate”, it was written as “suspiciousness” with a nice side note (see page 177 of “Research on A Dream of Red Mansions”).It can be seen from this that the recent manuscripts are actually close to the original in some places, and the visible versions circulated, whether in the first half or the second half, the situation is very complicated. In addition, this thirteenth chapter has another characteristic, that is, there are a lot of strange and almost absurd variants.This book was originally close to the same book, but it is much worse this time, so I recorded a few paragraphs for discussion purposes, so I won't waste any more words. For example, Dai Quan, the eunuch, came to offer sacrifices to the Qin family. Jia Zhen took advantage of the situation and spent 1,200 taels of silver to donate a Wupinlong banwei to Jia Rong. When Dai Quan left, Jia Zhen sent him off. Dai Quan bowed in the sedan chair and said with a smile: "You and I are good family members. This is also your son's good fortune, and he just met such a coincidence." Bowing in the sedan chair, it is strange to say that the Jia family and the eunuch have a good relationship; Jia Rong just died and his daughter-in-law is said to have good luck. Another example is Jia Zhen asking Sister Feng to assist in the large section of Ningfu. The writing is very special, and a lot has been added, but it is not good. Jia Zhen said with a smile: "Auntie means that my nephew guessed it, because she is afraid that the elder sister will work hard. If I say that I can't cook, I will take care of it. His cooking is a little wrong, and others look good. ...My aunt doesn't care about my nephew, nor about my nephew and daughter-in-law being sick now, but only about their death. Besides, my nephew usually heard that the two of them are very good and love their nephew and daughter-in-law very much. .” (Sister Feng) then said to Mrs. Wang: "The elder brother is so earnest, my wife will obey. The elder brother in the province is just anxious." Mrs. Wang asked quietly, "Is it possible for you?" Sister Feng said, "What's the matter?" Impossible, just learn how to do it. The big brother has already taken care of the big things outside, but he takes care of it inside, if I don’t know anything, I just ask my wife for instructions, won’t my wife give me an idea?" Mrs. Wang listened What he said was reasonable, and Baoyu said a few words for Jia Zhen beside him, but Mrs. Wang remained silent. Mrs. Wang said again: "It's not that I refused to ask your eldest sister to manage the matter, but I was afraid that he was young and ignorant. How can a family not tell you anything, and it must wait for you to ask again and again. You don't feel bad Thoughts." Jia Zhen said: "My nephew knows, my aunt is very thoughtful." Then she took out the pair of Ningguo Mansion's cards from her sleeve, and ordered Baoyu to give it to Sister Feng. There are many differences between these texts and the current version, and readers must be able to understand them at a glance. Another example is the "Death of Qin Zhong" at the end of the sixteenth chapter. The current printed version is different from the original version. I mentioned it in "A Study of a Dream of Red Mansions" (pages 86 and 87).Cheng Pai's following engraved editions only write that all the little devils complain until they are judged to be cowardly, and then add the sentence "after all, how is Qin Zhong's life and death?", and it's over.By the beginning of the seventeenth chapter, Qin Zhong was already dead, which means he never woke up.Youzheng Qi originally added a paragraph after all the ghosts complained and sentenced: They all judged: "Fart, as the saying goes, the officials of the world govern the people of the world, and there is no difference between yin and yang. Don't care about his yin and don't care about his yang. There is nothing wrong with it." The ghosts heard that they had to put his soul back , snorted, opened his eyes slightly, saw Baoyu by his side, and sighed reluctantly: "Why don't you come early, I won't be able to see you any later." Baoyu held hands and wept: "If you have anything to say, leave a few words. "Qin Zhong said: "There is no other words. In the past, you and I thought that we were superior to the world. Today I realize that I was wrong. From now on, I should aspire to fame and fame, and take glory and magnificence as the right." After speaking, he let out a long sigh, and Xiao Ran passed away forever. . Later I learned that this was the original text of Zhiben.Looking at the end of the sixteenth chapter of this incomplete version, all the ghosts complained and sentenced, and there is also the following, which is different from the engraved version; but the writing is very special, and it is different from the original version. The quotations are as follows: "...He is yang, I am yin, and it is useless to be afraid of him." This chapter is nothing more than a person who laughs at the tendency, how can the yang world overwhelm the snobbery of the underworld.Although the judge is willing, but the ghosts refuse to obey, there is no way, Qin Zhong can't wake up.Besides, Baoyu didn't respond to his yelling several times. When he looked closely, he saw his tears were like autumn dew, his breath was like gossamer, his eyes turned up, and he wanted to say something, but he couldn't speak out, but he heard phlegm in his throat. Up and down, he suddenly opened his mouth and returned to that life.Seeing this scene, Baoyu was afraid, distressed and sad, and burst into tears unconsciously.Seeing that the packing was finished, she went to the bed and cried again, and waited again. At this time, it was getting late, and Li Gui and Mingyan urged them to go home again and again. From this point of view, there are three formats at the end of this memoir of Qin Zhong: (1) There is no continuation, and the next time he is said to be dead, of course he never woke up (printed version). (2) Although there is the following text, the Judgment cannot hold back the ghosts, and they have never woken up (Wu Zang fragment). (3) All the ghosts obeyed and were sentenced, Qin Zhong was released to return to the sun, and he also said something to Baoyu (Zhi Ben, Qi Ben).Since the fat original is the right one, the Cheng original has been arbitrarily deleted, and the remnant original is just arbitrarily changed. Before the Cheng edition in 1791, there were roughly two types of manuscripts that had been handed down, as far as the existing materials were concerned: one was the orthodox Zhiyanzhai commentary edition, which could be reluctantly attached to it if there was an official Qi edition; According to the Zhiben, the comments were deleted and altered at will, such as the Jiachen manuscript, Zheng Zang's remnant version for two chapters, and Wu Zang's remnant version forty chapters.Most of these changes are unreasonable.For example, Zheng Zangben changed Jia Qiang to Jia Yi, which is not very easy to understand. Rong Qiang's generation all named them from the initials of cursive.This example shows that although these manuscripts are precious, they have very few benefits, and the school cannot rely on them to determine the characters.I also know that Cheng and Gao compiled "Red Mansion", although it is not the original manuscript, but since then there has been a relatively readable book, and the achievements of making this book not lose its greatness over the past two hundred years are great, even if there are mistakes, There are more merits than crimes. It is not fair to say that some people curse Cheng and Gao. Gossip aside, let’s get down to business.It can be seen from how the first, thirteenth, and sixteenth chapters mentioned above have been changed arbitrarily.Although it was changed arbitrarily, it was based on the fat book.It can also be seen that the above statement is different.Even the original contradictions of Ru Zhiben have not been changed, which is especially evident.Sister Feng used to have a daughter named Dajieer, but later in Chapter 42, Grandma Liu named her Qiaojieer. Everyone knew that it was not a problem, but Zhiben said that he had two daughters, one named Qiaojieer. One is called Dajieer, and she has said it more than once, and has seen it twice in this book (chapters 27 and 29).This is the same.It can be seen that its base is indeed a fat base. As for the reason for wanting to make changes, it is not easy to understand. There is probably no reason for making changes.Here are some ridiculously fragmented examples: For example, in the first chapter "The Time of Brocade Clothes and Trousers", it is called "silk trousers"; in the seventh chapter, You Shi said, "first send two boys to the Qin Xianggong's house", and they are called "children"; in the twelfth chapter Mrs. Wang said, "It's just that our side is gone. You send someone to ask your mother-in-law." There is also the Shanziye System", which is correct.In this work, "there is another system of Shan Ziye". He seems to think that there is a person named Shan Ziye.In the eighteenth chapter, Baoyu wrote a poem and couldn't remember the allusion, so he "wiped his sweat".These are all very ridiculous. Another example is the eleventh time when Sister Feng asked about Qin's illness and said, "Your father-in-law and mother-in-law heard that you are cured well, not to mention two yuan a day for ginseng, even two catties can afford it", changed it to "two liang", It is shabby; in the fourteenth back, Sister Feng assisted in managing the Ningfu, and ordered, "These four people keep the cups, saucers and tea utensils in the inner tea room. If there is one missing, the four of them will pay for it." It is also called "forty people". It's unreasonable.The third time I wrote about Daiyu's description, the famous sentence such as "crowded eyebrows that seem to be frowning but not frowning, and affectionate eyes that seem to be happy but not happy", but changed to "brows that seem to be frowning but not frowning, and eyes that are about to move. Remaining" is not good either. In addition, some people make jokes because of mistakes.For example, in the fourteenth round of recommending the Qin family, it is missing: Zheng Fuzhang applied for the form, went to the Sanqing Dynasty, and kowtowed to the Jade Emperor.Zen monks offer incense. The sixteen characters became "that Taoist priests put flames in their mouths". Chapter Nineteen Baoyu Visits Hua Zifang's Home, original work: When Hua Zifang went out to have a look, she saw that it was his master and servant. She was so surprised that she hurriedly took Baoyu down and shouted in the courtyard, Second Master Bao is here! The copyist mistakenly wrote the word "hug" as "kneeling", so it became: Hua Zifang hurried out and saw his master and servant, she was so surprised that she knelt down.Baoyu came to the courtyard and shouted, Second Master Bao is here! The situation was odd enough. The changed verses are also often wrong. For example, in the twenty-third chapter when Baoyu first entered the Grand View Garden, he wrote four poems about spring, summer, autumn and winter.Random point of toad, the original description is more bulging, it is a false statement, each of which has made many mistakes.In this work, "The toad hears more deeply, but the truth is not true", it becomes a toad and a cricket calling together in spring.It says, "Chen Xiang re-dials the cable to cook tea" and changed it to "Sit Yin and sit on the cable to cook tea". Baoyu meditated as soon as he entered the Grand View Garden. Although the above list is incomplete, it is far from complete, and the situation of reckless changes can be seen in general.Therefore, these "different texts" are nothing more than "strange news", and they are not very useful for our work of revising texts. 1954, 3, 22 sick.