Chapter 75 An Explanation of the Poem "Red" inscribed by Prince Qingrui

Before the Shangsi Festival in 1959, I moved to Wuliang Daren Hutong, which belongs to the East City of Beijing. I heard that Mr. Mei Lanfang once lived in this alley.From this alley to the south, there is only another Dongtangzi alley, which is Shidaren alley.I knew that the mansion of Prince Xinrui in the Qing Dynasty was here, and it was the most famous mansion in the Ming Dynasty, so I went to visit it. The walls of the mansion also arouse infinite "historical contemplation", and they are ashamed of their bad words, and can only say a boring common saying that "leaves a deep impression".

Later, I bought a copy of "Xubaiting Poetry Banknotes" at the second-hand bookstall in Dong'an Market, a letter, two thin volumes, large woodcut characters, and pink paper. This is Prince Xinrui's poetry anthology.After I read it, I strongly felt that this new Prince Rui's poems are pure and superb, what is the "prince", he is simply a high-ranking gentleman, "not eating the fireworks of the world", there is really such a temperament that exists in historical reality , by no means "artistic exaggeration".Every time I read these Qing Dynasty posthumous poems of the Eight Banners, Manchuria, Zongshi, and Jueluo, it reminds me of a series of "problems", such as - 1. After the Manchus "entered the Central Plains", the degree of "Sinicization" is shocking It's unbelievable - "better than a Chinese literati"!

1. The formation of these poets is marked with a very deep "precept" of "not talking about state affairs". Their ideological realm and mental state are not the same as those of poets of other eras, and they have great characteristics.This is actually a reflection of political experience and lessons. 1. The collection, use, and research of the works of such poets is a major topic in the history of Chinese literature. Unfortunately, even today, some literary historians still only mention them in the chapter "Qing Dynasty". "Nalan Chengde" and "Drinking Water Ci".Others, "haven't heard of it".

1. Writers ignore everything about these poets; but historians and historians of thought also ignore them.Our academia has no interest in "filling in the blanks" and is indifferent, which really makes "laymen" worry and wonder.These words were all caused by "Xin Rui Wang".King Xinrui, named Chun Ying, was descended from Prince Yu Duo Duo in lineage, and was adopted from the line of Dorgon earlier.Dorgon's old mansion is in Nanchizi Pudu Temple, and Yuwang's mansion is the later Xiehe Hospital, both in the east - because it belongs to the Zhengbai Banner jurisdiction.Dorgon was deprived of his title for "crime" after his death, and he was not restored to his title until the 43rd year of Qianlong, when Chunying attacked him.Therefore, I coined the term "Xin Rui Wang".Chunying lost her father since she was a child, and was brought up by Mrs. Lai, whose mother, Tong Jia, was capable of literature and studied poetry with poetry.Chunying is highly talented, while Xiao Ran is like an outsider.The collection of his poems are all leisurely chants of scenery and the like, and he dare not include a "substantial" title, which seems to be awe-inspiring and in danger of being undervalued.I don’t want to, I recently discovered his handwritten manuscript "Reading Stones and Occasionally Success" (comrade Hu Xiaowei has an article, see "Guangming Daily" July 15, 1986, page 3).For me, this is naturally like "meeting an old friend".So I want to express my disdain.

The full text of the psalm follows: The paper is full of chatter and chatter, and the hero's blood and tears are hard to stop. Infatuation is gray and cold everywhere, and Shi is also worried when the illusion comes. I am afraid that seeing the return of spring makes people easy to grow old, but I don't know that the water still flows when the flowers fall. The dream of the red face and the loess is sad, and the wheat rice crows and the cuckoo recognizes the old Qiu. I have seen many poems titled "Red" in my life, but there are few poems with this style and specification, which can be called excellent and superb.As I interpret this poem, the first four sentences belong to the author Xueqin, and the last four sentences belong to Baoyu in the book (there is a mutual relationship between the two, it goes without saying).Why do you say this?Please listen to my humble opinion.

The first four sentences are clearly written in order of Xueqin's five-character quatrains (title poem), try it out: The paper is full of absurd words———The paper is full of nonsense; A handful of bitter tears———… Blood and tears are hard to close; It is said that the author is infatuated --- the infatuation is everywhere...; Who will understand the taste——————… Shi is also worried. This is clearer than anything else, so there is no need to repeat words. Of course, the poet injected his own feelings and associations into the singing and sighing.For example, in the first sentence, the word "喁喁" was added to add a layer of meaning to "absurd words".According to "喁喁", it describes the public, and it is also an adverbial word.Yang Xiong's "Taixuan·Ornament": "?? Mingling, blood came out of his mouth." Sima Guang commented: "It's still earnest." There is a meaning of sincerity here, which is worth noting.What's more "shocking" is that the second sentence is clearly transformed from "bitter tears", but the "bitterness" is covered up, and the word "hero" is not used, which really makes ordinary people confused!I can't help but want to ask the contemporary experts: How many people have associated the word "hero" with Zuo?This is a great insight, and not a random random wording thing.

In the "Qi Preface", we can find the second phrase "dropping tears into ink, researching blood into characters", and now everyone often quotes it.Zhipi also repeatedly mentioned the word "blood and tears", and he didn't bother to quote it in detail.What matters is who ever treated and called Cao Xueqin a hero?Isn't it about "son and daughter love"?How could "tears of heroes" be involved?This is indeed strange, and it is indeed worthy of discussion. In my humble opinion, if we want to solve this problem, we must seek clues from "Mongol King's Mansion Edition" and "Qi Liaosheng Preface Edition".As the general comment after the fifty-seventh chapter goes:

Write a story about Baochai and Xiuyan, the sadness of a true hero who lost his way, and the joy of meeting a true friend!It was midnight, and when I finished reading, I hid my papers and went out of the house. I saw the stars and the moon faintly, the cold wind blew slightly, and I stood silently for a long time. On the 239th page of "Stone Records Jianzhen", we quoted a series of more than a dozen side comments from "Mengfu Version", which repeatedly said "Heroes in the world, cry together", "Heroes through the ages, Same emotion" or something similar.What does this mean?Unbelievable.It can be seen that the readers of Xueqin's book at that time felt kindly, which is not the same as that of us today two hundred years later.Even in the book, Xiangyun named Kui Guan "Wei Daying", for some reason, today's people are "indifferent".So when I saw the second line of Chunying's poem, I couldn't help but also feel "cover up and leave the house,... silently eliminate the ranks".I remember that I seem to have said in my book that Xueqin is actually a hero.

The following three sentences require a few more words to explain. First, "the end of infatuation" means the extreme sincerity of love, and "exhaustion" does not mean "disappeared", "finished" or "broken".Second, "Ashes are as cold as cold" refers to the idea of ​​being reincarnated into ashes and smoke when the feeling is at its extreme, when there is nothing to do.This must be referred to before the thirty-second chapter of the banknote. The reviewer cited a quatrain (Zen gatha rhyme) written by Tang Xianzu: Heartless and endless but full of love, can love be exhausted if it is endless?

When you reach the end of passion, there is no shadow in the moon and no waves in the water. For the explanation of this poem, you can refer to page 199 of my book "Xianqin Collection".It means that when love goes to the extreme, it turns into ruthless; when ruthlessness goes to the extreme, it turns into amorous (this is what it means in the commentary that "the place where there is love is especially ruthless")—it happens to be a kind of "love without love" footnote.It should be noted that Tang Shi uses the word "exhausted" three times in four sentences.That is to say, the word "exhaustive" in the commentary of "enjoying writing" should not be mistaken.Now to understand Chunying's poems, it is necessary to distinguish, otherwise people today may not understand the meaning of "endless infatuation" means "extreme infatuation".

As for "gray and cold", it is easy to be misunderstood without the text of Xueqin's original book.I quote two original passages here:—— ... (Baoyu listened to) "Once the spring is gone, the beauty will grow old, the flowers will fall and the people will die." Unconsciously, she fell on the hillside in grief, and the fallen flowers in her pocket scattered all over the ground.Just imagine: Lin Daiyu's beautiful face and beautiful appearance will come to a time when she can't find her in the future, she would rather not be heartbroken!Since Daiyu is finally nowhere to be found, it can be pushed to others, such as Baochai, Xiangling, Xiren, etc., until the time is nowhere to be found.When Baochai and others are finally nowhere to be found, how will you be at ease?And I still don't know where I am going, and I don't know whose surname belongs to Zesichu, Siyuan, Sihua, and Siliu! ——So one and two, two and three, repeatedly deduced, I really don't know what kind of stupid Yu Yu is at this moment, I don't know it, escape from the big tricks, get out of the dust net, so that I can explain this sadness. ——Chapter 28... I just ask you to look at me and guard me, until one day I turn into ashes——the ashes are not good, there are still signs and knowledge. ——When I turn into a puff of smoke and disperse when the wind blows, you can't control me, and I can't care about you.At that time, go according to me, and I will go there according to your love. ——Chapter 19 This is where the infatuation ends, and this is the true source of the meaning of "grey and cold".That is to say, when the love infatuation is at its extreme, and there is absolutely no way to explain it, it turns to wanting to have no such body, wanting to "know nothing".Gray "still has knowledge", the language is so strange and the emotion is so painful, it is beyond the expression of ordinary idioms. To understand what "ash" refers to, you must also understand the word "same".This poem does not mean that "people" are as cold as "ashes", but that when love is at its extreme, it is willing to turn into ashes and smoke.Please see one of the couplets when Xueqin asked Baoyu to write "Fu Rong Yi": When I heard that the coffin was burned, I was ashamed to violate the alliance of the same cave; This is "refilling the pen" - Xue Xueqin alluded to: Baoyu's self-conceited thoughts of turning ashes are laughed at by everyone, but Qingwen is willing to die with him.This language was later known to Xiren and others, so the group scoffed at it and took it as a topic.Chunying's writing clearly refers to this (but I still emphasize the explanation: "This is for the purpose, not for the matter. If you add this point to the words "beautiful yellow soil", it is considered to be Qingwen's writing So, she was cremated, so where can I find "Guqiu" (Qiu, grave)? Therefore, this poem must be close to the purpose of Qin Shu, and should not be limited to the traces of individual plots.) Then the fourth sentence starts from "Who understands its flavor" and continues. Mo Yan has no one to understand its flavor. Even Shitou will feel sad and resentful when he hears it! "Illusion", although it is published in the text of Qin Shu, one must also know the commentary in the two books of "Meng" and "Qi". "Yin and Yang intertwine and become incoherent, and the illusion is true when it arises." Love turns into fantasy." "First write about the feelings of lucky encounters, and then narrate the feelings of illusions with excuses. The world is not fair, and the road is like a monument. Although the author has painstakingly, it is also human." "A gentleman loves others with the way, and he can't reduce his love; a villain seeks to dominate, so how can he escape the humiliation of arrogance. The illusion and illusion have created a new look." Express your kindness..." After understanding these meanings, one can understand the rich connotations of Chunying's use of the word "fantasy". "Chuan Lai" still means "Write Lai", because the law of poetry requires the use of flat tones here, so "Zhuan" is used instead of "Write".For the relationship between "emotion" and "illusion", please refer to "Xianqin Collection Cao Xueqin's So-Called "Emptiness" and "Emotion". "Kuang Dian comes from the sky and it sounds good", and the language style can also be seen in the comments of "Meng" and "Qi". The following couplets are two sentences, the sentence is the kind of "one side two, two and three" reasoning, the reason of sadness, which is caused by listening to the poems of funeral flowers, which has been quoted above, that is, Baoyu's kind of wish The heart of "deliberately hurting the spring and hurting the farewell" is to stay together and gather happily, for fear that the feast will be over.The same is true for the "infatuated truth" under the shadow of Xingzi. When he saw the apricot blossoms falling and the crows weeping, he speculated that Xing Xiuyan's marriage would cause her beauty to wither..., so he was infinitely sad.This is the connotation of "for fear that spring will return and people will easily grow old", which is a general discussion of human temperament, not a certain plot scene. "Unexpectedly, the flowers still flow when they fall into the water", advancing one level, uttering painful words, and reaffirming the meaning of victory. "The flowers fall into the water and the water flows red" is not only the first scene officially described in the Grand View Garden, but also a symbolic statement of advice in the whole book. "Qinfang" is another word for "flowing red". "Water" is one of the important points of "burying flowers", and it is the place where Qunfang of the Grand View Garden "returns to the source" (a term used in Zhiban).Chunying seems to have seen the entire book of Qin, and knows that the fate of "flowers" is not only to wither and fall, but also to drift them into an even more miserable "realm". Baoyu did not understand this in advance. solution.There is a strong sense of tragic destiny here, not the generalization of "fake prose" in the "style of writing" of the poems. As written in Qin Shu, when Qianhong cries, some of them float in water, some of them are covered by earth, and some of them float first and then cover them.The beautiful loess, the falling flowers into a "mound", "a pure land", is the common "attribution" of the daughters in the book.It seems that Baoyu did not turn his daughters into ashes and smoke, and he finally fell into a situation; one day, he was going to visit the graves of these daughters——Chunying's concluding sentence clearly expresses this situation.With a bowl of wheat and rice, and cuckoos singing in his ears, during the Ching Ming Festival, he went to the suburbs alone to sacrifice [note], to find the person he missed in his dream. Chunying's writing should have real feelings, not pure speculation.The basis for the actual feeling is not yet available.If you might as well use a little "seeking" method, then I seem to see a picture: during the Ching Ming Festival, Baoyu, who is so poor as a beggar, wants to go to the grave, but has no sacrifices, so he goes to the gate of a village farmer to beg for something to eat .The door opened, and a woman handed him a bowl of barley porridge... He looked up, and suddenly recognized that she was the second girl from the peasant family he met when he was delivering Keqing's funeral!He asked her about the location and path of the grave, Er Yatou volunteered to lead the way to the cemetery.When it was about to arrive, I saw that two daughters had come to pay their respects. When I was surprised, they were Qianxue and Xiaohong who had been in Yihong Courtyard.At this time, everyone knelt in front of the grave and cried together...At this time, the cuckoos in late spring are also crying.People are cuckoos, cuckoos are people, and they are inseparable. This is entirely my imagination, not necessarily the reality of Chunying's poems.But since this is the imagination aroused by Chunying's poems, I think it might as well add it here.At the end, I would like to add that what Chunying wrote is the general feeling, not individual "stories", so it is not appropriate to make more comparisons.Furthermore, I am very suspicious of what he read. The manuscript should be related to the so-called "Meng" and "Qi" banknotes.The formation of this kind of book happened to be the period before and after Chunying's ascension to the throne.Chunying's natal family is Tong Jia's family, which is very likely to be closely related to "Li Songxuan", the commentator of the ancestors of "Meng" and "Qi" systems (it is difficult to prepare for another article).Therefore, I think that in order to understand Chunying's poem, it is necessary to understand the ins and outs of the poem in order to be able to interpret it more appropriately. Many years ago, we found out for the first time that Dorgon and Duoduo were the banner owners of the Cao family, and Xueqin was a descendant of their "family-born son" generations of slaves. Such a chant of the descendants of the Lord".This was something that both of their families could not have imagined.History is often sentimental—a book written by Xueqin with affection appeared in the world; history is often ruthless—it makes people play a little joke unexpectedly, and makes the high and low ranks reversed in front of the god of literature and art; at least On an equal footing, let people savor its taste like fine wine. Bingyin completed the writing at Tangxuxuan in Beijing at the end of June ~~~~~~~ [Note] Wheat rice, rough food from the peasant family, Yan Shigu's annotation "Ji Jiu Pian" says: Grind the wheat and combine the skin and cook it,... Mai rice bean soup is the food ear of savage farmers. "But it is often related to cold food during the Qingming Festival and tomb-sweeping sacrifices, such as Liu Kezhuang's "Cold Food Qingming" poem: "There is no wheat rice in the Tang Mausoleum in the Han Dynasty, but there are pear blossoms in the mountains and wild paths." "And the poem "Weeping Sun Jifan": "There is a chrysanthemum spring for sacrifices, and there is no need for wheat and rice for Qingming." "Zheng Yuanyou's poem "Tomb of King Wu Huan": "No one sprinkles wheat and rice in cold places, and elm coins are floating all over the ground in the east wind." "It is the proof that the ancients used wheat rice to sacrifice sweeping. When the cuckoo crows, it is in the late spring, and its sound is miserable. Therefore, there is a metaphor of crying blood, and people in Shangzhong are especially sad when they hear it.