Chapter 127 (3) Du Lu's vigor and toughness

Li Ba Kezhang tasted Yu Yu①: "The seven rhythms of Yuanyi Mountain are indelible②, but there are always vulgar tunes. For example, the song 'Cui was hurriedly dreamed of holding the whip', like the black-headed yellow three③; One, like the martial arts student Yang Xiaolou ④." Sincerity is wonderful in taking examples. The seven rhythms of the left mountain, the tone is lush, the complexion is blue, but the skin is often slow and the muscles are loose, big and useless, like mandarin, like stepping; fans are heroes, and they are well-dressed and crowned⑤.Wu Xiuling's "Wailu Poetry Talk" volume six drama title Chen Wozi's "Ming Poetry Selection" said ⑥:

"It's a very good Siping opera. The sound of the throat pierces through space. Everyone is strong and Miao, and they come out of Dajiangdong⑦. The gongs and drums are loud and vigorous, and the robes are purple and red. The brain is completely cracked in the seat, and the village boy laughs and laughs. "We have the same news as Li Zhangzhi's comment on Yishan Mountain. Try to discuss it. The Qilu of Shaoling contains all kinds of wonders, and it is a well-known master.For example, the honor of Zhongqu ⑧, those who have passed the discretion, the number is different, and each one is as they wish.Chen Houshan's fine tendons and strong bones⑨, thin and hard, and the gods, the old Du doesn't care about his own origin.That is to say, Yang Tieya played in the beautiful Tang Dynasty in Hangzhou⑩, He Mofei from Shaoling "Who is the peach tree branch on the river"⑾, "The spring is moving in the past day", "The spring is springing with fine grass", "February is sleepy and sleepy" Poems such as "Hazy", "Frost, Yellow, Biwu, and White Crane", "Jiangcao calls for sorrow every day" and other poems; with the brush of simple line drawing, the words of Yidang and Qiping make the rice mountain guest ⑿ into the shore of West Lake People ⒀ are also learning and fickle.However, the so-called "Du Yang" in the world⒁ refers to the majestic, lofty, loud and loud, such as: "Thousands of miles are often guests in autumn, and they are alone on the stage with more than a hundred years of illness"; "Refer to the ability to return to the world, train strong soldiers to move ghosts and gods"; "The flags are warm in the sun, the dragons and snakes move, the palace breeze is gentle and the sparrows are high"; It is difficult to travel in the depression of Guansai"; "The road passes by the twin shaggy temples, and the sky enters the Canglang with a fishing boat"; "Seeing Yilu between brothers and Zhong, the commander is sure to lose Xiaocao"; "The Three Gorges towers flood the sun and the moon, and the five streams wear "Gong Yunshan"; "The sound of drums and horns at the fifth watch is solemn and stirring, and the shadow of the Galaxy in the Three Gorges shakes" and the like.The princes in the valley and the back mountain only learned the law from Du Lu's tough and thin man⒂, and they didn't imitate many of them who are smooth and full.

Wei Yishan is in Du ⒃, he can learn everything, and the seven laws can also combine the two bodies.For example, in "Tomorrow", "It's really helpless to recite it carefully, and it's too late to let go of the sorrow", which is also true of Du's "He Pei Di", "Fortunately, it hurts the end of the year, if you look at it, you will feel nostalgic".But the world's recitations are the couplets he learned from Du Xiongliang, such as "Wanli recalled returning to Yuan Liangjing, and worked in Yafuying for three years" in "February 2nd".

⒄, that is to say, in Du's "Climbing the High", "Wan Li is often a guest in the sad autumn, and he is alone on the stage after a hundred years of illness"; "The road passes by Yanyu double-puffed temples, the sky enters the Canglang and a fishing boat" is also true, and the word "return to heaven and earth" comes from Du Zhi's "referring to the ability to return to heaven and earth"; "Leaving the Seat in Shuzhong" The saying "Xueling has not returned to heaven, Songzhou still blocks the army in front of the palace"⒆, that is, "Xueling only looks at the sunset in the west, and the sword gate still prevents the northerners from coming" in Du's "Autumn End".

In the mid-to-late Tang Dynasty, people gathered together, and Du Yang met again and again.For example, in Zheng Duguan's "Wandering", ⒇ "Ten people drifting away are still sending food, and the news of the two Sichuans has not been closed"; to Gu Buweng's "Hunan Guest Zhongchun Wang" (21) "The wind and dust are pity for the temples, and the tears are miserable at the end of the world." One body", Er is the initiator of the Seven Sons of Ming Dynasty (22). In the Northern Song Dynasty, Ou Gong said that "the waves of the river are endless (23), and the white birds fly together to relax", "ten thousand horses do not listen to orders, and the tribes are happy to work without doing anything."Dongpo has "Ling Yan Bell and Drum at the third watch (24), wild places with wild stoves and thousands of stoves".All of them are the ones that Dongpo's comment on the seven-character sentences imitated Du's couplets of "the flag is warm and the sun is warm" and "the drum and horn at the fifth watch".Among the disciples of the Sumen, Zhang Wenqian is the most elegant in Qilu (25), and has the style of Tang people. In "Ke Shan Ji", "Qi Xing Ci Yun and Chao Ying Zhi" has eight poems in succession, and you have studied Shaoling hard: such as "Qing Han star Han Guang hangs down to the ground, Leng feels that fish and dragons are close to people", "Dark gorge wind and cloud autumn is bleak, high city Milky Way The night is clear", "Shuangque Xiaoyun connects the Taishi, and the nine gates of Qingying move Tianjin" (26), "The mountains and rivers have been crying for three years, and the Guansai autumn has come to thousands of miles."; , gloomy dark gorge where wind and thunder ".Xu Hongchang is not like the Huang Chen generation (27), but close to Yuan and Ming people.I can't care less about depicting the scenery, thinking that it is magnificent, without the sense of vastness and turmoil.To Nandu Pian'an, Chen Jianzhai was transferred to the army (28), and his life experience was similar to that of Du, but he had it, so he was similar.The seven laws are like: "When the sky is turned upside down and the spring is hurt, when the child with the teeth open and the head is blessed"; Infinite things can be seen in the rivers and lakes of thousands of miles"; "The white hair of a lonely minister is three thousand feet long, and the fireworks are 10,000 heavy every year";Learn from Du Depi, behave generously, and the five laws can be chaotic every time (29).Therefore, in Liu Chenweng's "Jianzhai Ji" (30), it is said that his poems "look so pale, but the muscles and bones are well-proportioned, which is not as good as the carvings on the back mountain".Lu Fang Weng mourned the ancients (31), and also imitated this style from time to time, such as: "Thousands of miles of sorrow add white hair, a sail passes through Huangzhou in cold weather"; The boat crosses Guazhou in the snow at night, and the horses and horses disperse in the autumn wind" (32);

However, there is more than enough beauty, but not enough turbidity. At most, the place names are used, and the real characters are used, which has hidden the spirit of the enlightened seven sons. When Yuan Yishan suffered, he regarded Jian Zhai as getting worse, and his Qilu also learned from Du Zhifa, but not from Du Zhishou (33), especially the empty frame, which he thought was high-pitched.For example, in the poem "Hengbo Pavilion" and so on, Xiang Xiangyanyan (34), there is really a sigh of "very good Siping opera".However, it is generally uplifting but capable of restraint, with softness in the hardness, a deep sense of family and country, and a self-contained love and writing.

In the Ming Dynasty, Xianji, Yu Linjizhi (35), Yuanmei and others (36), inherited Zhao Ziang's theory of "filling up" (37), imitating Du Zimei's majestic and broad body, and writing at any time and place Paper, Serve this tone.For a little more reference, Wang Youcheng's "Early Dynasty", "Spring in the Rain Wang Ying Zhi" (38), Li Dongchuan's "Ji Lu Yuan Wai, Qi Wu San" (39), Zu Yong's "Wang Ji Men" system (40), each article must There are famous place names.The ambition of Yudi, the book of pointing ghosts (41), rough and bold skin, resisting but not falling, letting go but not restraining.For sad words, Lin Zhenheng's "Fuzhou Zhi" called "moaning without illness" (42); for grandiose views, Wu Xiuling's "Wailu Shihua" called "blind Tang style" (43).Tracing back to the source of the poor stream, Jianzhai and Yishan are really the guides for it.People know that the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty are high-profile Tang poems, and Anzhi Jianzhai and Yishan are also those who are easy to sing in Song and Yuan poems (44).Therefore, although people in the Ming Dynasty did not take Song poetry, they could always appreciate Jianzhai.Hu Yuanrui Yu Qizi is the answering insect (45), and the fifth volume of "Shisou? Waibian" says: "The ancient style of the Southern Song Dynasty pushes Zhu Yuanhui, and the recent style has nothing to do with Chen Qufei" (46). Bones, and righteousness to get Du meat", and said: "Chen Qufei is grand and strong, in the corridor of Du Ling." Gai Zhu's Xuexuan, Chen Zhixue Du, the path is similar to that of the Seven Sons (47).Wu Xiuling Yu Qizi is a dog barking shadows, and the fourth volume of "Wailu Poetry Talk" also says: "Chen Qufei can make Du sentences." Grass snake gray line (48), the information can be found.

The study of Jianzhai (49) of Yu Keshi's "Poetry of Gu'an" by Yu Keshi (49), and the teacher Yishan (50) of Guo Chunyu's "Poetry of Paolu" (50). .Lu Qisun's "Hefei Xueshe Notes" Volume 6 says (51): "There are two types of seven laws in the Ministry of Industry. 'Fortunately, it hurts the old age, if you look at the chaos and nostalgia'; after Yishan, it will become a perfect tune for a long time." Between brothers and Zhong Seeing Yilu, if the commander is sure to lose Xiao Cao'; Wuguan, Yuzhi, Xianji, and Wozi can still learn from it" and so on.It is said that the first kind of sentences can be learned by Song people such as Chen Houshan and Zeng Chashan (52).In the late Tang Dynasty, Li Xian used "Fei Tao" to say: "If you are not drunk, you will remember when you wake up. If you want to open, you will be worried when you are falling." When it is half open"; there is still a legacy.Therefore, Qian Longxi commented on Yishan's "heavy chanting, but it has fallen" (53) and said: "I can find it in a cold place, and all the work of the Song people is here." Feng Note cited.Qi sun didn't take it seriously.Chen Wozi has a great talent and strong pen, which is enough to be worthy of the poems of the Ming Dynasty, and Ding Bailiuyang Jiuzhihui (54), Tianyi Changshi's poems, if they can be tragic and desolate, follow the studies of Jianzhai and Yishan.But after reading his posthumous collections, I finally feel that the beauty is more beautiful than that of Cangchu.In this dynasty, it was close to Qingqiu and Dafu (55), but different from Xianji; in the Tang Dynasty, it was like Dongchuan and Youcheng, not like Shaoling.Qi Sun's words, also did not know the song to listen to the truth.However, knowing that Fangweng, Yishan and the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty are carried out simultaneously, you have a good eye for human language. (Pages 172-175) ① Li Bake: Li Xuangong, a close friend, is a poet of Tongguang style.

②Yuan Yishan: A question mark for Yuan writers. ③Black-headed Huang San: The late famous Peking opera actor Huang Runfu, with a smug face, was known as "Living Cao Cao". The famous actors Hou Xirui and Hao Shouchen were his students. ④ Martial arts student Yang Xiaolou: The late famous Peking Opera actor. ⑤ Youmeng in clothes and crowns: Youmeng, a Chu man in the Spring and Autumn Period, wore his clothes and crowns after Sun Shuao's death and won the fiefdom for his son. ⑥Wu Xiuling: Qing writer Wu Qiaozi.He wrote six volumes of "Wailu Shihua".Chen Wozi: Ming writer Chen Zilong character.

⑦ Siping Opera: It is called Pingdiao Opera, a tune between Kunqu Opera and Erhuang Opera.Guan Zhuangmiao: Posthumous posthumous title of Guan Yu in Shu of the Three Kingdoms.Guan Hanqing of the Yuan Dynasty sang "The Great River Goes East" in the drama "King Guan Went to the Single-knife Club Alone". ⑧ Zun of Zhongqu: "Huainanzi? Miao Cheng": "The way of a saint is like Zhongqu (in the middle of the road) and a respect (bowl, cup) Yeah, those who have passed the discretion, how much is different, each has its own suitability. " ⑨Chen Houshan: Song poet Chen Shidao, named Houshan Layman.

10 Yang Tieya: Ming writer Yang Weizhen read Tieya Mountain, so it was named Tieya.Playful spring and pretty Tang style: Yang Weizhen's elegant and beautiful poetry style in Hangzhou. ⑾ Shaoling: Tang Dufu, who claimed to be the old man of Shaoling. ⑿ The guest at the top of the mountain: Li Bai's "A Play to Du Fu": "Du Fu is on the top of the mountain (in Chang'an), and he wears a hat on his head at Zhuowu. Please don't come too thin, and always suffer from the past when writing poems." Talking about Du Fu skinny. ⒀ West Lake: West Lake, named after Su Shi's poem "I want to compare West Lake to West Lake".Refers to the playful spring and pretty Tang body, which is like the plumpness of people by the West Lake. (12) Du Yang: Take Du's poems as an example. ⒂Tough and thin: Refers to the meticulous, sophisticated, melancholic and thin style in Du's poems. ⒃ Yishan: Tang poet Li Shangyin characters. ⒄Yuan Liangjing: Tao Qian's character is Yuanliang, which refers to "Returning to the Garden": "There is a place for the well and the stove." Yafu Camp: Han Zhou Yafu garrisoned Xiliu, and Emperor Wenwen of the Han Dynasty went to Laojun and called him "True General".This refers to Li Shangyin as an aide in the Liu Zhongying shogunate.Engage in: work.Also, Zuo Shi, the governor of the state, is called engaged in history. ⒅Entering the Bianzhou: Going back to the rivers and lakes in a small boat, secretly using Fan Li to help Yue Wang Goujian destroy Wu and go boating on the five lakes to return to hermitage. ⒆ Snow Ridge: Snow Mountain.Tianwai History: "Old Tang Book? Tubo Biography": "In March of the second year of Baoying, Li Zhifang and Cui Lun were sent to Tubo, and they stayed in their territory." Songzhou: Songpan County, Sichuan today.Army in front of the palace: Beijing Shence Army (Imperial Guard Army). At that time, the frontier soldiers had poor supplies and asked to be transferred to the Shence Army to increase their supplies, which was called the Shence Palace.These two sentences refer to the unending war. ⒇ Zheng Duguan: Zheng Gu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, once served as a doctor of the Duguan. (21) Gu Buweng: Tang poet Gu Kuang. (22) Ming Qizi: Ming Dynasty poetry genre before and after the seven sons. (23) Ou Gong: Song writer Ouyang Xiu. (24) Dongpo: Song Su Shi, named Dongpo Jushi. (25) Zhang Wenqian: Song writer Zhang Lei.There are fifty volumes of "Ke Shan Ji". (26) Shuangque: Two watchtowers in front of the palace gate.Taishi: That is Songshan.Nine Gates: Refers to the nine gates of the palace.Tianjin: Nine stars in the Milky Way, called "Tianjin Nine Stars". (27) Xu: All.Huang: Huang Tingjian.Chen: Chen Yuyi. (28) Chen Jianzhai: Song poet Chen Yuyi. (29) Can be chaotic leaves: metaphor imitation lifelike.Song people carved mulberry leaves with ivory. (30) "Jian Zhai Ji": written by Chen Yuyi, sixteen volumes. (31) Lu Fangweng: Song Lu Youhao. (32) Building boat: battleship.Guazhou Ferry: on the opposite bank of Zhenjiang.In November of the 31st year of Shaoxing, Wan Yanliang, the gold master, invaded the south, Song general Yu Yunwen fought in the Guazhou area, and the gold soldiers retreated.Dasan Pass: In the southwest of Baoji County, Shaanxi today, the Song and Jin Dynasties are bounded by Dasan Pass.In the eighth year of Qiandao, Lu You was in Wang Yan's shogunate, planning to march into Dasan Pass. (33) Refers to those who learn from Du Fu's majestic, broad, lofty, loud and loud works, that is, Du Zhifei; those who do not learn from Du Fu's dark, bitter, delicate and sophisticated works, that is, Du Zhishou. (34) Two couplets in Yuan Haowen's "Hengbo Pavilion": "Thousands of miles of wind and waves meet the sea of ​​clouds, thousands of years of heroes and strong hills. Sparse stars, light moon, fish and dragon night, old trees, clear dew, and swan geese in autumn." : If the temple is empty, the content is empty. (35) Xianji: Ming Li Mengyang.Yu Lin: Ming Li Panlong characters. (36) Yuanmei: Ming Wang Shizhen word. (37) Zhao Zi'ang: Yuan Zhao Meng's character. "Filling" said: Wang Shizhen's "Yiyuan 卮言" Volume 1 is called a quatrain: "From the head is the tail, from the tail is the head, and the waist and abdomen are also indispensable. The trick is that the smaller it is, the bigger it is, the faster it is and the slower it is." Or That's what it means. (38) Wang Youcheng: Tang Wangwei, Zeng Guan Shangshu Youcheng.Its "He Jiazhi Early Dynasty": "Nine days are closed to open the palace, and all nations wear clothes and crowns to worship the crown." And "Spring in the Rain": "Shuangfeng Temple in the imperial city in the cloud, spring trees for thousands of families in the rain." (39) Li Dongchuan: Tang poet Li Qi, from Dongchuan. "Send to Si Xun Lu Yuanwai": "Gui Hong wants to spend thousands of snows, and the maid adds five nights of fragrance." "Send Qi Wu San": "Nanchuan japonica rice flowers invade the county, and Xiling clouds are full of colors." (40) Zu Yong: Tang poet. "Wangjimen": "The beacon fire on the battlefield invades Huyue, and the clouds and mountains embrace Jicheng by the sea." (41) Zhizhi of Yudi, Book of Pointing Ghosts: Refers to the names of places and names of ancient people.Tang Yangjiong used the ancient name to compose his composition, known as "Dianguibo", see Zhang Jue's "Chao Ye Qi Zai". (42) Lin Zhenheng: Ming writer Lin Yu characters. (43) Blind Tang style: Volume 1 of Qing Wu Qiao's "Wailu Poetry Talk": "Ming Ming's blind and prosperous Tang poetry, the words are brilliant, and the intention is not, it is just a puppet embroidered with text." (44) Gao Sheng 堒: The bell is high, the top is small, the bottom is big, the sound is hidden on the top, and its sound is not raised.See "Zhou Dian? Chun Guan? Dian Tong". (45) Refers to Hu Yinglin's theory on Wang Shizhen, the emperor of poetry, in "Shisou", advocating that "the body changes with the style" and "the style changes with the style", which is quite close to the views of the Seven Masters. (46) Zhu Yuanhui: Zhu Xi, a master of Song classics.Chen Qufei: Song Chen Yuyi. (47) Path: path. (48) Grass snake gray line: Jin Shengtan commented on "Water Margin": "There is a grass snake gray line method... at first glance, it seems to be nothing, but when you look closely, there is a clue in it, and the whole body moves when you pull it." (49) Yu Keshi: A close friend named Yu Mingzhen.He wrote "Gu'an Shicun", four volumes. (50) Guo Chunyu: A close friend of Guo Zengxin.He wrote "Pao Lu Poems". (51) Lu Qisun: Lu Jiren in Qing Dynasty.There are twelve volumes of "Notes of Hefei Xueshe". (52) Zeng Chashan: Zeng Ji, a writer of the Song Dynasty, called himself Chashan Layman, and there are 30 volumes of "Chashan Collection". (53) Qian Longxi: Qian Jishan, a scholar of Ming Dynasty adherents, with the word Zhiwen, taboo Longxi. (54) Ding Bailiuyang Nine Meetings: Encountered a disaster.Sorcerers use 4617 as one yuan, and there will be disasters in the 106 years after entering the yuan, which is called Bailiuyangjiu.This means death. (55) Qingqiu: Gao Qi, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, named Jidi, lived in Qingqiu on the Wusong River, so he named himself Qingqiuzi. Dafu: He Jingming, a writer of the Ming Dynasty. The seven-character regulated poems have been developed into Du Fu's pens and have matured. He has accumulated complete artistic experience in terms of structure, rhythm, antithesis, word refinement, and sentence refinement, which is enough to make him a master of "all wonderful things".Later, people who studied Du's poems, as long as they seriously "extended their threads", there is no one who is not a "Xuzu famous master". This article follows the footsteps of Du scholars and discusses two different styles of Du's poems: one is vigorous and melancholy, full of sound;Chen Shidao's "thin tendons and strong bones, thin and hard to improve the spirit" is a style after learning from Du Fu; Yang Weizhen's playful Tang style is a change after learning Du Fu's previous style.Those who have always studied Du tend to learn more of the latter style, but less of his former style. Only Li Shangyin has learned everything and can combine both styles. Mr. Qian pointed out that Du Fu's Yidangqiqie poems, such as "Wind and Wind Watching the Boat Falling Flowers Before the Boat is a New Sentence": On the river, there are peach branches from people's houses, and the spring cold and drizzle come out of the fence.Yingdao's clear water dives to seduce, but the wind is jealous of the red flowers but blows backwards.Blowing flowers, sleepy, lazy, and boats, water, light, and wind are all timid.Red hatred and frivolity cover people's arms, but it is clear that they are precious and not to be picked up. ... This poem writes about the falling flowers in the drizzle and wind in spring. It does not say that the wind blows and rains the peach blossoms to fall, but it says that the peach blossoms are reflected in the water, and the reflection in the water secretly lures the peach blossoms to fall. This is the supernatural imagination.It is also said that the peach blossoms that blow down hate falling into people's arms and appear frivolous, and refuse to approach people. This is a strange idea.In addition, the diction is beautiful, so it is called Yidang Qize, which is soft and graceful. Like "December 1st" again: At present, the twelfth lunar month is full of spring, and Qianjiang in Yun'an County is pitiful.Where to send the book geese, whoever gets on the boat at Baizhang.Mei Rui was not frightened and worried, but wanted to take the pepper flower to charm the distant sky.Envied by the drafters of Mingguang, lung disease is never far away. This poem starts from the winter solstice of the twelfth lunar month, when it talks about the start of spring, and writes about the lovely river in front of Yun'an County.Hearing the cry of geese, I thought of passing letters on the feet of geese, and thought of family letters; seeing boats being pulled by slacks by the river, and Baizhang pointing to the slender, I thought of taking a boat out of the gorge.Moving from the spirit of spring again, I thought that the plum blossoms hadn't bloomed yet, so they couldn't be admired by sad eyes.I also thought that New Year's Day is coming, and the court will offer pepper and flower odes on New Year's Day, so how to present it to the court.He also thought that drafting documents in Mingguang Palace used to be envied by others, but now he suffers from lung disease in Yun'an County and does not know when he will be able to return to Beijing.The twists and turns in the design also belong to the Wanqu style. Mr. Qian also pointed out that Du Fu's poems, which are broad, lofty, vigorous, and loud, belong to a vigorous style.Such as "Climbing High": The wind is rushing, the sky is high, the ape screams and mourns, and the white bird flies back to clear the sand.The boundless falling trees are rustling, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in.Wandering With Melancholy, a century on stage alone and sick.Difficulty and bitterness hate the frosty temples, and the new stop the dirty wine glass. The first four sentences of this poem describe the scenery, "the wind is rushing and the sky is high", "the falling trees are rustling", and "the Yangtze River is rolling".The vastness of the extreme scene. The last four sentences express feelings, "Thousands of miles of sad autumn", "more than a hundred years of illness", the writing space is vast, the time is long, the so-called majestic and broad, also belongs to the vigorous style.Like "Climbing the Tower" again: Flowers close to high-rise buildings hurt the hearts of customers, and it is difficult for thousands of people to come here.The spring scenery of the Jinjiang River comes to the world, and the floating clouds on the jade base change from ancient to modern.The North Pole court will never change, and the Xishan bandits will not invade each other.The poor Empress returned to the ancestral temple, and chatted for Liang's father at dusk. In this poem, the "Jinjiang" sentence refers to the vastness of space, and the "Yulei" sentence refers to the long time. "Xishan bandits" refers to the invasion of Tubo, which is one of the "multiple difficulties in all directions", but the imperial court is like the North Star, so it is hoped that Tubo will not invade each other.Thinking that the master of Chengdu still had a temple, I sighed that there was no such thing as Zhuge Liang.This poem is majestic and lofty, and also belongs to the vigorous style. Mr. Qian also pointed out that Li Shangyin learned from Du Fu and also had these two styles.Such as "Today": The one-year-old Linhua rests on the same day, and stays under the pavilion in the Jiangjian.It's really helpless to sing again and carefully, and I don't let go of my worries after it has fallen.The mountain scenery is coming to the small garden, and the spring shade only wants to be close to the tall building.The golden saddle suddenly scattered and the silver pot dripped, and whose white jade hook was more drunk. This is an imitation of Du Fu's "Meeting with Pei Dideng Shuzhou Dongting Seeing Off Guests at Feng Zao Mei": Dongge official Meidong Shixing, how inferior in Yangzhou.At this time, remembering Xueyao, seeing off guests in Fengchun is free.Fortunately, it doesn't hurt to hurt the old age, if you look at the chaos and feel nostalgic.A tree by the river hangs down, urging people to grow old day and night. This poem is about Pei Di seeing off Feng Zaomei in the East Pavilion, as if He Xun saw Guanmei writing a poem in the East Pavilion.It is even more difficult to see off the guests among the guests, and to be homesick in spring.Fortunately, Zhemei didn't send me, so as not to make people feel sad about the end of the year.If you see Zhemei, it will cause nostalgia and disturb your heart.But I also think that the plum trees by the river are about to bloom, which will make people feel sad and pale sooner or later.The intention of this poem is tortuous, tactful and lyrical, and the style is soft and gentle.Look at Li Shangyin's "Today" again, the one-year forest flowers are about to end, and the poet stays at the Jiangjian Pavilion to enjoy the flowers, helpless.Some flowers have fallen, which makes people worry; some flowers are still in bloom, which can be enjoyed.The mountain scenery is coming to cover the small garden, and the spring shade only wants to lean against the tall buildings, and it is dusk.The golden saddle is suddenly scattered, where can I get drunk?The couplet of "Chongyin" in this poem is full of emotions and thoughts, and the whole poem belongs to the Wanqu style. Mr. Qian also pointed out that a couplet in Li Shangyin's "Anding City Tower" was modeled on a couplet in Du Fu's "Farewell to Li Jianzhou".Du Fu's "Will Go to Jingnan to Send Li Jianzhou Farewell": Make Jun Gaoyi drive away the present and the past, and sit in Jianzhou for three years.But seeing that Wen Weng can change the vulgar, how can he know that Li Guang is not a Marquis.Passing by Yanyu double-puffed temples, the sky enters the Canglang and a fishing boat.When will the soldiers and horses meet again?The spring breeze looks back at Zhongxuan Tower. Li Shangyin's "Anding City Tower": The hundred-foot building in the high city is far away, and Tingzhou is surrounded by green poplar branches.When Jia Sheng was young and weeping, Wang Canchun came to travel farther.Eternal memories of the rivers and lakes return to white hair, wanting to return to heaven and earth into a flat boat.I don't know what it's like to have a rotten rat, but I guess the chick has not stopped. In a poem by Du Fu, it is written that Li Jianzhou has high righteousness, and he keeps pace with those who have high righteousness in ancient and modern times.He has been a governor for three years, like Wenweng of the Han Dynasty, he can change customs, but like Li Guang, he has not been named a marquis.The last four sentences talk about myself, I am going out of the Three Gorges to Jingnan, the waterway passes through the dangerous shoal Yanludui, the temples are fluffy, and I am sitting on a fishing boat into the water of the Canglang at the junction of Jianghan.I don't know when we will meet in the midst of the war between soldiers and horses. It is estimated that when the spring breeze comes, I will come to Jingnan and climb the tower where Wang Can climbed to look back at you.The couplet of "Lu Jing" in the poem is thrilling and broad, and with the exclamation of "two shaggy temples" and "one fishing boat", it looks vigorous and the style is vigorous. Look at another song by Li Shangyin.He climbed up to the tall buildings in Gaocheng, saw the scenery outside the city, and lamented that he was like Jia Yi in the Han Dynasty who was excluded when he was young and wept.It is also like when Wang Can went to seek refuge with Liu Biao during the Three Kingdoms period, and Li Shangyin went to Jingyuan to seek refuge with Wang Maoyuan, both of whom belonged to others.He went to the exam because he wanted to enter the imperial court and turn the world around to rejuvenate the Tang Dynasty. At that time, he would have gray hair and go back to the rivers and lakes that he will miss forever.As for obtaining fame and fame in the exam, it is just that the owl gets the rotten rat. Here he warns others not to suspect that Fenghuang (compared to himself by Li Shangyin) wants to get the rotten rat, which shows that he is disdainful of fame and wealth.The couplet of "Eternal Remembrance" in this poem expresses Li Shangyin's lofty ambitions, which are magnificent and lofty.The style of the whole poem is vigorous, and the thought is profound. Mr. Qian also pointed out that Song people such as Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao, and Zeng Ji, Yuan people such as Yuan Haowen, Ming people such as Chen Zilong, etc., all have tragic and desolate poems. Ming Hu Yinglin's "Shisou" said that "the master's way is Dugu" also refers to this.Now read "In the Boat" by Chen Shidao: The evil wind sweeps across the river, and the yellow current is turbulent and the wind is strong.It is as fast as ten thousand miles, and the air pressure is on the three rivers and five lakes.On the shore, wildfires are lit at night, and the boat sits up and waits for the disabled to change.The young man's hair is white now, and he can't stop returning home to the national conditions. "Evil wind and waves" and "turbulent wind and strong wind" are the grandeur of the scene on the river, from which we can see that strong, thin, vigorous and vigorous style can only be learned from Du Fu's poems.Huang Tingjian's "Send Huang Jifu": I live in Beihai Jun Nanhai, I can't send geese to pass letters to thank you.A glass of wine in the spring breeze of peaches and plums, ten years of night rain in the rivers and lakes.There are four walls to run a house, but there are three broken arms to treat diseases.I want to see that the head of the book has turned white, and the ape in the river is weeping in the vine. It was written from a casual place, with the two people separated by a long distance, "it is impossible to pass the book", and it writes about their childhood friendship and today's encounters. Such poems are so calm and frustrating in composition, and they cannot help but benefit from Du Shi.Yuan Hao asked "In Eyes": The current affairs in the eyes are becoming more and more complicated, and the night is sleepless under the cold window.Flesh and blood are in different counties, what year is the clothes today.There are not many places where ants gather with withered locust locust trees, and frogs croak in autumn water for a day.Where is the green mountain separated from the dust, I want to send Huadian to a nunnery. Starting from what you see in your eyes, "Sleepless in the Cold Night", you write about the flesh and blood in a foreign country, each on one side, writing the pain of subjugation, gloomy and desolate, not only studying Du's rules, but also looking like Du.Mr. Qian pointed out two points about Yuan Haowenxue and Du Lv, both of which have never been mentioned before: one is "generally exalted but able to restrain, hard with softness, deep sense of family and country, and self-sufficient love and writing", "the tone of voice Maoyue, with a pale complexion"; the second is "often slow skin and loose muscles, big and inappropriate, like mandarin, like stepping; fans are heroes, and they are well-dressed like meng".The strengths and weaknesses of Yuan Hao Wenxue Du are mentioned.Most of its strengths belong to the expression of thoughts and feelings, while its shortcomings seem to be pretentious in the art form, that is, it has not yet reached the level of proficiency and naturalness.Chen Yuyi's family background is similar to that of Du Fu. He learned from Du Fu's poetry and Yuan Haowen in the same way that he "learned from Du Fu's fatness, but not from Du Fu's thinness". Compared with Dao, say "and righteousness to get meat", in addition to the majestic Cangchu, pay attention to the rhythm and sentences, such as "Dengyueyang Tower": The Dongjiang River in the Dongting is west of the water, and the curtains do not move, and the setting sun is late.Climb to the land of Wu and Shu, and move to the lake and mountains when it is about to go to dusk.Traveling thousands of miles is still far-sighted, and three years of difficulty is even more dangerous.In the ancient wind and frost of the bald head hanging, the old wood Cangbo is infinitely sad. Starting from the spaciousness of Yueyang Tower, you can see Wu and Shu when you climb up, and you can’t help but think about the past when you travel thousands of miles away. The cadence and frustration are touching. In the Ming Dynasty, Chen Zilong learned from Chen Yuyi and Yuan Haowen, but in fact he learned from Du.One of his "Miscellaneous Poems about Liao Affairs": Lu Longxiong fortress leaned on the sky, and the enemy came three times in ten years.The sound of Qilijiao shakes the sun and the moon, and the color of the beacon in Huizhong moves the towers.The white dew in the cemetery is full of years, and the green phosphorus in the city wall mourns every night.The common way is safe and dangerous, and Ren Zunzu, that is, who is the outstanding talent today. When worrying about the sorrow of the country, the style is tragic and desolate, but this kind of poems are rare in his collections.