Chapter 83 (9) Spirituality and Academic Ability

Suiyuan talked about the nature and spirit of poetry, and said: "Poetry is temperament, and it is enough to get close to the body." Volume 1 of Supplement to Poems.Beginners who read "Suiyuan Poetry Talk" will feel that their hearts can be raised, their throats are full, and poetry writing is regarded as a convenient matter.I only know Suiyuan's so-called "heavenly secrets", and read the article "Village boys, shepherds, and verticals are all my teachers" in volume two, the article "The widest artistic conception has the widest artistic conception, there are women and women who are simple in villages", and volume 15 "The idea of ​​writing depends on talent "strip.Forget Suiyuan's so-called "mature academic ability"; look at the article "Xiao Zixian claims to be self-proclaimed" in Volume 4, the article "Poems with lines but no sentences" in Volume 5, and the article "To write ancient poems, you must seek your own merits", and Volume 6 of "Addendum" " Poetry is like a shot" article.Rough and superficial, confident and capable of poetry.Therefore, Suiyuan's book does not supplement the heart of poetry, but adds courage to poetry.

Therefore, the rivers and rivers are not abandoned, and the rivers and rivers are not high; but they are approachable and approachable, so they are the leaders of the majority.Volume 8 of Qian Meixi's Luyuan Conghua: "Since Taishi's "Suiyuan Shihua" was published, there have been more and more poets; since the publication of Zongbo's three "Bie Cai", there have been fewer and fewer poets." It can be seen.Guo Yingjia's "Lingfenguan Poetry Talk" Volume Eight Clouds ④: "The poets in western Zhejiang are quite involved in 饾饤 ⑤. They come out of the garden and mark their spirituality alone. It's not like teaching people not to read. I have seen all the books on the shelf. Once Danhuang passed away, "Wenxuan" and "Tang Wencui" were especially studied⑥, and Zhu Mowei did not think about it dozens of times. His intentions are so. Cheng scholars are happy with the ease of talking, and they are no longer self-sufficient in further studies. Sneeringly, this Shaoling is also called Ercao. ⑦ "Yu Yinyuan Wei's "Shanglinghu Xianggong Poems" said: "Newcomers do not know that there is a suzerain in literature, so they imitate and imitate, and lose it. So. As for the scattered and shallow words, they are all in the style of Yuanhe poetry." Suiyuan is light and vulgar, and it is not like Yuanbai.According to Wei's "Remuneration for Xiaofu Seeing Gifts", the ten musts call Shaoling Yun: "Pity the canal and talk straight at the time, and don't care about the source of the ancients." Some people may quote this saying to say the purpose of Suiyuan, but they are not sure.Weizhi's "Preface to the Ancient Titles of the Yuefu" said: "From the elegance to the music flow, it is possible to satirize the innocent at that time, so as to benefit future generations. Following the ancient titles, singing and repeating, there may be short and long in the text, and it is redundant in Yixian. It is not as good as the allegory of the ancient way, and the beauty of things, there are still poets who quote the ancients to satirize. In modern times, only the poet Du Fu "Sorrow for Chen Tao", "Sorrow at the Head of the River", "Soldier Chariot", "Beauty" and so on. That is the name of the event There is no more to rely on. When I was young, I and my friends Bai Letian and Li Gong were the next generation, so I didn’t draw up the ancient titles of the Fu.” Also, "He Li Xiaoshu New Title Yuefu Preface" said: "The rule of the world is The words are straight, and the words are hidden when the world is taboo. I have been dealing with the world and the emperor is prosperous, so I use the words straight." According to these two sections, those who "straighten the language of the times and don't follow the ancients" refer to the new Yuefu, and there is no need to compare them. , The meaning of not being euphemistic is not to say that poetry is not about imitating ancient times.Those who are true should not be the so-called "newcomers", and those who are not should also seek to be free from the so-called "frivolous Ercao" by Shaoling.It is not easy for a husband to write directly about the soul.He Gui wrote directly about the ineffectiveness of sex.

That is to say, whiteness arises from emptiness, the divine light is bright, the heart sprouts suddenly, and from the heart to the mouth, from the exit to the hand.The heart produces the words, and the words establish the civilization. In the middle, it is necessary to peel off the skin and store the liquid, so that you can reach the state where all the skin is true.Often the intention is first in the writing, the words do not catch the meaning, there is poetry in the meaning, but there is no poetry in the pen; "⑨, more like "Wen Xin Diao Long? Shen Si" article cloud ⑩ "Fang Qihan, before the words, and almost finished, half-hearted beginning".The second volume of Zeng Disheng's "Qiu Que Zhai Diary Class Copy" Ji Wei November ⑾: "In the case of ancient prose, Cun Xin has a certain style. But too little writing is not enough to prove and masturbate"; Xin Wei Wu Yue said: " Every composition, before writing, if there is a good environment, it will be useless after writing." Xinyou Eryue said: "In the past years, I was deeply interested in learning books, thinking hard, worrying, and worrying, but I had words in my heart, but I didn't know what to write. Words. I don’t think much about them in recent years, but I keep brushing. The words in my chest ten years ago can reach my wrists. It can be seen that thinking and learning can’t be neglected.”Even Suiyuan has to say: "The sounds of nature must be obtained by man." "Poetry" volume four. (Pages 204-206) ① The majority of leaders: Tang Zhangwei wrote "The Poet's Host and Guest Picture", with Bai Juyi as the leader of the majority, here is a comparison with Yuan Mei.

②Qian Meixi: Qing Dynasty writer Qian Yongzi.There are twenty-four volumes of Lu Yuan Cong Hua. ③ Zongbo: The Minister of Rites of Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty, so he was called Zongbo.There are 20 volumes of Tang Poetry Bie Cai. Thirty-two volumes of "Bie Cai of Qing Poetry", and twelve volumes of "Bie Cai of Ming Poetry" co-edited with Zhou Zhun. ④Guo Yujia: Qingyu number.He has written twelve volumes of "Lingfenguan Shihua", six volumes continued. ⑤饾饤 (douding 豆定): Refers to the imitation of the diction, which does not match the author's actual level.

⑥ "Tang Wencui": Song Yaoxuan Collection, 100 volumes. ⑦ Ercao: Du Fu wrote in the second part of his poem "The Six Quatrains of Xiwei": "Wang Yang Luluo's style at that time was frivolous and frivolous. Ercao's body and name are all destroyed, and the rivers and rivers will not be abolished through the ages. "Sarcasm and frivolity of the younger generation to destroy the predecessors. ⑧ Li Gongchui: Li Shen, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. ⑨ Xie Maoqin: The Ming Dynasty writer Xie Zhenzi.There are four volumes of "Siming Shihua", namely "Poets Zhishuo".

⑩: Written by Liu Xie, a literary critic of the Southern Qi Dynasty. ⑾Zeng Disheng: Qing Zeng Guofan character.He has written two volumes of "Qiu Que Zhai Diary Class Notes". Yuan Meiyun: "A poet is also a person's temperament. It is enough to get close to the body. If the words are touching, the color is eye-catching, the taste is pleasant, and the sound is pleasant, it is a good poem." ("Suiyuan Shihua Supplement" volume 1) This is his general view on poetry, advocating the expression of temperament, which is what Han Yu called "words must be written by oneself", or writing what he is most familiar with, thinking that the language, tone, charm, and rhythm can be satisfactory. Degree is good poetry.Therefore, Yuan Mei advocated paying attention to the life around oneself, he said:

"It's not just someone who can be a teacher, but a teacher; the village boy Mushu, who speaks and smiles, is my teacher, and what he takes well is a good sentence." If a wild monk sees him off, he said: "It's a pity that the plum blossoms in the garden are in full bloom. I can't take it with you!" He thus got a saying: "I only pity the fragrant snow, plums and thousands of trees, and I can't take it with me on the boat." ("Suiyuan Poetry Talk" Volume 2) He believes that "the realm of poetry is the widest", but there is a big A learned person will not be able to write poems for a lifetime. On the contrary, some women, women and village folks with little knowledge will occasionally have good lines, so they can only "seek poems in books, and get poems outside books." (Volume 3 of "Shihua") This view is consistent with his idea of ​​expressing one's temperament. He believes that "poetry requires academic ability, but writing and writing depends on talent" ("Shihua" Volume 15), just as Lu You said: " The article is natural, and the skillful hand can get it by chance."Yuan Mei emphasizes "talent", but does not completely deny "gongli". Just as Ye You said: "If human merit is not perfect, there will be no reason for the sound of nature. Even if the sound of nature is cloudy, it must be obtained from human merit."

(Quoted in Volume 5 of "Shihua") Yuan Mei explained this in a concrete way: "Poetry is like shooting. Once you get a title, it is like shooting with a target. Those who can hit it with one arrow, and those who can't can't hit it with thousands of arrows. The fine one is just like its heart; the next one is half of its heart; the next one is not far from the swan; Divide the four characters of "academic ability". Mencius said: "Even your strength, but not your strength." The most is academic ability, and the middle is talent." ("Shihua Supplement" Volume 6) That is to say, whether you can write poetry depends on talent, and writing Whether a poem is good or not depends on academic ability, and the masters of poetry must be people with high talent and sufficient academic ability.Academic ability can be obtained through tireless efforts, but talent is innate.For those who are talented, academic ability can promote their further development; for those with little talent, academic ability can also help them find other careers.Yuan Mei's idea is easy to approach, and once made public, it will inspire a group of people who think they are talented to try to write poetry, so Mr. Qian commented on his "Poetry Talk", saying: "It does not supplement the heart of poetry, but it adds courage to poetry. "Qian Yong also said: "Shihua" is published, and there are more and more poets, but Shen Deqian's three "Bie Cai" are published, and there are fewer and fewer poets.On the one hand, this shows that Yuan and Shen's views are inherently different, and on the other hand, it also shows that people's understanding of Yuan's and Shen's views is limited to "superficiality and superficiality" and is somewhat biased.

Yuan Mei advocated expressing one's temperament, not that one should not read books. Guo Yun saw Yuan Mei's hard work, and accused some people of only liking Yuan's saying that it was easy to write poems, and not seeking to make progress;The two types of people Guo Yu criticized were not uncommon in our country, just as Yuan Zhen referred to the "newcomers" ("Shang Linghu Xianggong Poems"), and Du Fu referred to the "frivolous Ercao" ("Playing for the Six quatrains).In fact, it is not easy to write directly about the spirit. "If the nature is not strong, why write directly", even if it is written, it will not make sense.

In short, this article believes that literary creation must be "suddenly from the heart, from the heart to the mouth, and from the mouth". , the words do not meet the meaning, there is poetry in the meaning, but there is no poetry in the pen" or there are those who "generate writing from emotion, and regenerate emotion after writing", which inspire each other and produce what Xie Zhen calls "articles with subsequent meanings"; There is a discount, because "starting with the export" needs to be expressed in words, and there is a gap between them, not everyone can do it handy.Here are a few passages from Zeng Guofan’s diary, all of which mentioned that it was not easy to “start with the export”.For example: before writing the pen, it seemed to be in a good place, but when he wrote it, it was useless; From this, Zeng Guofan came to the conclusion: "Thinking and learning should not be neglected." The views quoted in this article are all from the experience of those who have experienced it, that is, Yuan Mei's view that "the sound of nature must be obtained by oneself", which is worth learning and writing. Poets and writers learn from it.