Chapter 80 (6) Poems are different only if they are different

Since "Tongguangti" ①, the elders first advocated "the poetry of scholars".Liang said that the poems of the Song Dynasty were good at hooking new and different things, showing off their richness and magnificence. Therefore, on the day of Canglang, they were not Su Huang. The words used must have their origins, and the rhymes must have their origins, and the style of the Tang people has changed." Yun Yun.Dongpo called Meng Xiangyang's poems "few ingredients", and Shi Yushan lamented "gold flakes in the eyes" in "Longzhai Poetry Talk"; and Song poetry of the Zhejiang School in the early Qing Dynasty was also ridiculed as "饾饤"②.In addition, the giants of this style mostly use poets to learn and learn, and it is true that they are hard to get rid of with a penny of paper.However, instead of talking about "students"

The poems, when you come to the Rex to worship the Rabbit Garden, copy books and write poems, it is better to talk about the poet's study, that is, "Canglang Poetry Talk" means "you must read to the extreme", that is, "Field Poems" "It is true that "poetry has different learning" is also ③.According to the theory of Canglang, Zhou Za is not sick.The eleventh poem of Zhu Zhulong's "Reading in Zhaizhong" of the Five Ancients is arrogance and slander ④, which is due to the habit of people who are "greedy".Li Shen said that Zhang always paid attention to the little things in his studies, but he actually pushed the flames for Zhulong, and wrote a poem saying: "I have been heartbroken for a long time, and it is the most difficult to rely on other talents."

For this matter, see Volume 17 of "Shi Yi Shi Hua".Chen Shi's first work "Luo Ying'an Poetry Narrative"⑥ also followed the error of Zhulong; and "Shi Yishi Wen" four collections were narrations of poems examining words, and he said at the beginning: Canglang is not wrong, "it has nothing to do with the beginning of learning words, Read a lot of books to say the end, just like Zimei who has read thousands of volumes and writes with spirit" and so on.According to "writing with spirit", after "reading through thousands of volumes", it is obvious that "reading more" is not the "final thing".Reading to the extreme is one thing; taking reading to the extreme is another matter.The difference between the two is a thousand miles away.Canglang masters talents, but fills them with learning; Shi Yi masters knowledge, but uses talents to control them. Although he protects Canglang, he has lost the truth of Canglang.Canglang does not give up learning, many sages have said it, and it did not start from the stone remains.Song Xiaoming: Volume 8 of "Nai Leng Tan" reads ⑦: "Shaoling said: 'Reading a book breaks ten thousand volumes, and writing is as if there is a spirit'. This is the ultimate poet who has learned poetry through the ages." "Canglang Poetry Talk" says: "Poetry is different. Talent is not related to books; poetry is interesting, but not related to reason; but it cannot be extreme without reading more books and poor reasoning.' The theory is very thorough. The first four sentences of Canglang are intercepted from "Spring Rain Miscellaneous" by Zijie Jin ⑧, thinking that those who study poetry do not need to read books, and the way of poetry has almost declined. In the past, there was a saying: "The theory of Cang Romance is not about learning, who breaks thousands of books in the world", and it is also said by young people who have no learning and follow the customs of ordinary people. , so that Canglang will hold grievances through the ages." Qian Xinghu's "Continued Draft of the Chronicle of the Shizhai" Volume 5 "Preface to Poems of Yi Caitang" said 9: "Since Yan Canglang's poems are called wonderful enlightenment, and they are called ecstasy. Noir said why bother to learn more.

This bamboo wall is deeply reprimanded.Gu Wu looked at Yan's theory, saying: "Poetry has other talents, it is not related to books; poetry has different interests, it is not related to reason, but it is not enough to read more and have too much reason, then it cannot be extreme." "Even though the Yan family can't waste the book." "Chen Gongfu's "Zuo Hai Anthology" Volume 10 Six "Sa Tanhe Baihualou Poetry Copy" said: "Yan Canglang said: "Poetry has unique talents, but it is not related to books; Poetry has unique interests, but it is not related to reason; If you don't read a lot and have a lot of reasoning, you can't go to extremes. Zhuozai is talking.A yak cannot hold a mouse, and a general cannot make up shoes; Zheng Dao and Song Jin, moving to the ground, are not good, but pears, oranges and pomelo, on the contrary, can be eaten.Don't talk about talent.The five fertile soils are never old, and 90% of the terraces have no waste trees; drinking in the rivers and seas, the cups and spoons are full of waves; harvesting in the mountains, finding a ruler is all pine and fir.This is also the theory of reading a lot.The one who draws the ox does not have the whole ox in his eyes, the one who draws the horse has the whole horse in his chest, the one who builds the bow chooses to work on Mount Tai, and the one who learns the qin goes to Mount Penglai.It's too much for Canglang to criticize the words of the disciples who stick to their talents. "Xie Meiru's "Gambling Chess Villa Yuji" Volume 3 quoted "Pinglu Caotang Poetry Talk" contained He Qihai's saying ⑾, saying: "Modern Confucianism is not close to the book ⑿, and it is based on capital. "Yu Kao Zhongrong's "Poetry" said: "Most of the ancient and modern wins are not supplementary, and they are all found directly, that is, the saying of Canglang Farewell is not a book."Du Gongbu said: "If you read ten thousand volumes, you can write like a god"; Su Wenzhong said: "Broad view and appointment, thick accumulation and thin hair", and said: "Withdrawing a pen is like a mountain, but it is not enough to be precious, and reading ten thousand volumes begins. "Tongshen"; that is, Cang Lang can't be extremely perfect without reading a lot.Confucianism insists on slandering Canglang, which is what Canglang has already said. "Zhang Hengfu's "Collected Works" Volume 3⒀: "Response to Zhu Qinzhou Book" briefly said: "Cang Lang said that different talents are different, and he also said that reading is poor. The two are good, and there is no bias."Later generations insist on one and lose the other, not only ignoring the purpose of the Canglang, but also destroying the defense of poetry teaching.If you want to save today from the disadvantages of poetry, don’t be good at Canglang” and so on. Hengfu’s so-called “today’s disadvantages in poetry” are from the words of Yuan and Bei Weng. At one time, the author was not for Suiyuan and Oubei’s slickness⒂, but for Qinxi and Zhujun’s textual research⒃; volume three, "Taishi Shu with Xu Lianfeng". The medicine. It is said that all poems that are empty and thought to be spiritual, and those that are full and thick must repeat Canglang's "Poetry Bian" three times; "A volume can only correct the fallacy of Canglang's textual research. (207-209 pages)

"Canglang Poetry Talk" said: "Poetry has unique talents, it is not related to books; it has unique interest, it is not related to reason. However, it is not to read more books and be poor in theory, so it can't be extreme." Mainly." According to the third volume of "Suiyuan Shihua": "Fang Zi said: "Learning to turn over spiritual poetry", Liu Xiashang said: "After reading for a long time, I feel astringent in poetry".Those who are not really able to read and write poems cannot speak. "Visit Volume 6 Wangmenglou Yuntiao. He also said: "The three masters of history are knowledgeable, and poetry is the same, and knowledge is the first.Without knowledge, both talent and learning will be wrong. Xu Zunming of the Northern Dynasty pointed to his heart and said: "I now know where the true teacher is." 'Knowledge is called 欤. "Juan 4 said: "Tao Huangcun said that writing poetry depends on talent, not learning.Grinding iron can make needles, but grinding bricks cannot make needles. "Juan 5 said: "People have books full of books, and there is no place to make a fuss. They should be textual research or parallel prose, so why use poetry to show off."Those who pass on poems are all souls, not related to piles. "

Juan 6 says: "Sikong Biaosheng discusses poetry⒅, which is expensive to get the taste of the outside. Yu said that today's poets can't get the taste of the inside, let alone the outside." Volume 1 of "Addendum" quotes Li Yuzhou as saying: "There are many Reading is the most important thing for poets, and I want it to help me look up. Whether it is official or not, the author does not know it, nor does the reader, so it is called true poetry." How is it different from the purpose of Canglang.The spirit of cover nature speaks its body, and the wisdom of enlightenment speaks its function, the two are inherently connected.Enlightenment must be rooted in the spirit, and what comes out of the spirit does not necessarily have to be a wonderful enlightenment; for those who are enlightened, the hair of the spirit is moderate, and they are poor enough to see a few, which is different from the wisdom and superficiality of crazy flowers.This theory of the Canglang is even more subtle.Zicai quoted Sikong Biaosheng, You Jifeng leaked it, and he was the first to talk about Biaosheng Gu Canglang; "On Poems and Books with Li Sheng" said: "The taste is beyond the sour and salty, far and endless, and beyond the rhyme", That is the charm of Canglang.Xu Zunming quoted by Zicai pointed to his heart, and published "Wei Shu? The Biography of Scholars", which is exactly like Zen's theory that there is no ladder and it directly points to the source of the heart. "Addendum" Volume 3 "Poetry and Buddha Songs" also says: "There is no other teacher outside of one mind." It is said in "Guan Xin Lun":

"Sorrowing the disciples of a family, not getting involved in the internal law, writing foreign words. Stealing annotations and running around, carrying the scriptures and theory and wandering around." "Zongjinglu" volume 92 quotes.Tan Yue asked Anguo ⒆: "The monk is from the Southern School and the Northern School", and he replied: "I am not from the Southern School and the Northern School, but my heart is from the School"; he also asked: "Have the monk ever read the teachings?" He replied: "I have never read the teachings. If you know the mind, you can see everything taught.” "Zongjinglu" volume ninety-eight quotations, visit volume ninety-four quotations.Talking about poetry with Zicai, if it fits the rules. (Pages 200-201) ①Tongguang Style: The poetry genre during the Tongzhi and Guangxu periods of the Qing Dynasty, represented by Chen Sanli, Chen Yan, and Shen Zengzhi. School", and competed with "Nanshe" in the poetry circle.

②Zhejiang School of Song Poetry: In the early Qing Dynasty, Wu Zhizhen, Lu Liuliang, Huang Zongxi, etc. edited and published "Song Shi Chao" in 16 volumes, which is the Zhejiang School of Song Poetry. ③ "Field Poems": written by Qing Qian Chengzhi (styled Youguang, claiming to be an old man in the field). ④Zhu Zhulong: The respected name of Zhu Yi, a litterateur in the Qing Dynasty.There are eighty volumes of "Exposhuting Collection". ⑤ Li Shenyan: Nearby Li Xiangzi.Zhang: honorific title.Changlu: Zhu Yizun's late Xiao Changlu Fisherman. ⑥Chen Shiyi: A close friend named Chen Yan.He has written thirty-two volumes of "Shi Yi Shi Hua" and twelve volumes of "Shi Yi Shi Wen".

⑦Song Xiaoming: Qing Song Xianxi characters.He has written sixteen volumes of "Nai Leng Tan". ⑧ Jie Jin: A writer in the Ming Dynasty, with the word Dashen.There is a volume of "Miscellaneous Comments on Spring Rain". ⑨Qian Xinghu: Qian Yiji of the Qing Dynasty, with the word Amiable, and the name Hushi.He has written ten volumes of "Jinshizhai Chronicle Draft" and ten volumes of "Continued Draft". 10 Chen Gongfu: The character of Chen Shouqi, a writer in the Qing Dynasty.He has written ten volumes of Zuo Hai Anthology and two volumes of Yi Ji.

⑾ Xie Meiru: Qing Xie Zhang Collar.He has written fourteen volumes of "The Collection of Gambling and Chess Villa". ⑿ Confucianism: Refers to the ignorant literati, the foolish master. ⒀ Zhang Hengfu: Qing Zhang Jiliang characters.He has written six volumes of Collected Works of Zhang Hengfu. ⒁ South Yuan Bei Weng: Refers to Yuan Mei and Weng Fanggang. ⒂ Oubei: Zhao Yihao, a poetic theorist in the Qing Dynasty.Frivolous: Frivolous and untrue. ⒃ Qin Xi, Zhu Jun: Refers to Weng Fang Gang and Zhu Yun. (12) If you do not return to Yang, you will return to Mo: referring to Yang Zhu and Mo Di.The Yang family is for me, and the Mo family loves both, and the philosophy advocates the opposite.

⒅ Sikong Biaosheng: Sikong, a poetic theorist in the Tang Dynasty, has illustrated characters. ⒆ Tanyue: Sanskrit, the meaning of giving.Anguo: That is, Qi'an Guoshi, heir to Matsu. Yan Yu's "Canglang Poetry Talk" is a systematic metaphor for poetry with Zen, focusing on the artistry of poetry. Odd”, put forward a severe refutation.Therefore, since it came out, it has had a considerable impact, and the understanding of certain issues has also caused a lot of controversy. The two here are to make a fair evaluation on the problems of talent, learning and knowledge, and point out the relationship between Yuan Mei's Suiyuan Shihua, Yan Yu's Canglang Shihua and Sikongtu's Shipin. 1. Yan Yu's first sentence in "Canglang Poetry Talk? Poetry Discrimination" is "Poets focus on knowledge", and "knowledge" here refers to a kind of aesthetics, taste, and discrimination that poetry should have The ability to compete is what Yan Yu said is the ability to judge the "path" of getting started. Therefore, he regards "knowledge" as the most important thing.He also said: "Poetry has different talents, which is not related to books; poetry has different interests, which has nothing to do with theory. However, it cannot be extreme without reading more books and poor theory." What he talked about was "talent" and "learning". The basic spirit is to value talents and not give up learning.Mr. Qian believes that instead of talking about "studying the poems of people" and being ridiculed for copying books and writing poems, it is better to talk about the study of poets, which is what Yan Yu said. Poetry is different."However, Yan Yu's idea of ​​not discarding books and reaching the highest level by reading has been criticized all the time. "Shuanghe Temple Poems"), Zhou Rong, a survivor of the Ming Dynasty, blamed it by asking rhetorically: "Is there a word that is not based on scholars among the great Tang Dynasty masters?"In the Qing Dynasty, Zhu Yizun pointed at Sang and scolded Huai, and slandered and said: "Sitting on the altar and writing poems, I don't know how to measure myself" (Volume 18 of "Jingzhiju Shihua"). I don’t know anything”; Wang Shihan countered: “If you don’t learn Boyi, you can’t make poetry” ("Poetics Compendium"); Li Xiang, a close friend, also contributed to Zhu Yizun’s false accusation, saying that other talents are not reliable because of learning, and Chen Yan began to follow Zhu Yizun's mistake was that when he wrote the preface to Li Xiang's poems later, he said that Yan Yu's "non-official book" refers to when he began to write poems, so it is not wrong.The second volume of "Yagetang Tongping Poetry Talk" by Xu Jing from the Qing Dynasty agrees with Yan Yu's words: "Poetics has its own talent, which is endowed with spirituality." "Different" is because "talents are inherently different, and cannot be obtained by relying on learning alone"; Zhang Zongtai's "Shu Ou Bei Ji Hou" ("Lu Yan Suo Xue Ji") also supports Yan Yu's argument that different talents are not books, From the fact that there are great talents and masters among the ancient and modern literati and scholars, and that there is no word left in Yu Yinyong, it proves that the poems are not books; He accused Xie Jin of the Ming Dynasty of intercepting the first four sentences of Yan Yu's "Shi Hua" and taking them out of context. Fu later changed his mind.Qian Yiji also affirmed in "Yicaitang Poetry Preface" that Yan's theory of poetry is called enlightenment and spirituality, and there is no such thing as abolished books.Chen Shouqi's "Satanhe Baihualou Poems and Notes" also called Yan's theory of "extremely talented" and "extremely perfect" in reading poor theory. He also used a series of metaphors to explain that poetry is a theory of other talents. He believes that poetry expressing temperament and reading poor reason are two kinds of skills, and reading a lot is like drinking in the river and sea, you can imagine the waves in the cup and spoon; If Ma's idea is not "poorly reasoned" about it, it will be difficult to succeed.Zhang Jiliang's "Answer to Zhu Qinzhou Books" also called Yan's unique talents and interests, which he attributed to poor reading.Here, it is believed that those who consider poems to be spiritual due to their lack of material, or those who consider their poems to be thick because of their many materials, must read "Canglang Poetry Talk? Poetry Discrimination" three times. It is only to correct some of the errors in its "Research".It is also pointed out here that Chen Yan's statement that "reading more books is the end of the matter" is not correct, because after Du Fu read through thousands of volumes, Fang wrote with spirit, so it can be seen that "reading more" is not the "end of the matter". Supplement; Chen Yan advocates erudition and mastering it with talent, so the same advocates reading, but the meaning is quite different. 2. Mr. Qian cited several examples to illustrate that Yuan Mei’s poems in Suiyuan Shihua mainly focused on enlightenment, and his essays focused on verve, which was implicitly consistent with Yan Yu’s Canglang Shihua and Sikong Tu’s Shipin , has an inheritance relationship. For example, Yan's theory of different talents and different interests, non-books and non-reasonableness, and poor reasoning in reading can be found in "Suiyuan Shihua". "Turn over spiritual poems" and "Reading for a long time feel that poems are boring" are talks about the experience of reading and writing poems, because reading and chanting use two different ways of thinking, and reading requires memorization, understanding, and mastery. Deduction is all logical thinking, while chanting is to express feelings or describe scenes, which is purely image thinking. Therefore, Yuan's statement that "those who are not really able to read books and really be able to write poems cannot speak", coincides with Yan's claim.In the same volume, Yuan Shi also said: "The three masters of history are knowledgeable, and poetry is the same, and knowledge is the first." The words of Tao Yuanzao quoted in Volume 4 of "Shihua" affirm the saying that "poetry must be based on talent", and he believes that "those who are close to poetry can be famous even after middle age; those who are far away from poetry, even if they are children, it is useless." , and use grinding iron to make a needle, and grinding bricks to make a needle, as a metaphor for Biecai. Obviously, Yuan agrees with Dow's opinion, and agrees with Yan's Biecai theory. There is a quote from Sikong Tu on poetry in Volume 6 of "Shihua", which reveals their similarities: Sikong Tu's poems are expensive and delicious, and Yuan admires them very much. The first work is to come up with new ideas and to make statements.He deeply regrets this.The first volume of his "Supplement to Poetry" quoted Li Yuzhou, indicating that he agreed with "reading more books is the most important thing for poets", because "one must have thousands of volumes in his chest" to help his spirit, "If you want to show off your knowledge, you will fall behind." This is in line with Yan's opposition to "using words as poems, talents and learning as poems, and discussions as poems", "multiple tasks, regardless of interest", and the rhyming of words must have a basis, etc., which hinders the expression of temperament. The purpose is also very consistent.Xie Zhangting's "Gambling Chess Mountain Villa Yu Ji" quoted He Qihai as saying: Yuan's theory of not closing the book is the theory of "Shipin" that the so-called ancient and modern winning words are not supplementary, and they are all based on direct search, which is Yan Yu's theory. It's not about the book.Here, through the comparison of some specific insights, the relationship between the previous and previous poems is smoothed out: "Zicai cited Sikong to show the sage, but You Ji's front is superficial, and he is the first to talk about the sage's Gu Canglang." Yuan advocated Shenyun, that is, Sikong "On Poems and Books with Li Sheng" so-called "extra rhyme".Yuan is not good at Zen, and has even repeatedly opposed Yan's use of Zen as a metaphor for poetry or Zen language. It is the same as "Lun", which shows that Yuan Shi is also talking about poetry with Zen. He does not understand that Zen has a kind of philosophy, and although he is not Zen when he talks about reasoning, it is also in line with Zen.This is rarely reached.