Chapter 79 (5) On Water Moon Mirror Flower

"Fu Yuli's Poetry Collection" is crowned with Jiexisi Preface①, and there is a saying: "Liu Huimeng tasted the preface and the brothers of the Yu clan wrote straight poems②, and his words said: Poetry wants to be close to desire; husband wants to be close to desire, like the moon in water, like a flower in a mirror. "There is no such preface in the present "Xuxi Collection"; "Jie Wen'an Collection" also did not include "Fu Poetry Collection Preface" ④, only the eighth volume of "Wu Qingning's Anthology Preface" said Chen Wengyun: "The work of Xuxi's decline is also However, his theory of poetry has been unique for hundreds of years. "Chen Weng's words quoted in the preface of Fu's poems, although broken golden feathers, are directly related to the "spiritual charm" in "Canglang Poetry Talk? , such as a mouthful.

"Don't get together", "If you want to stay away, you want to get closer", that is to say, "If you don't want to leave, you don't want to leave".Seng Zhao's "On the Explanation of Treasures? Li Wei Ti Jing Pin" No. 2 ⑥: "The one who is separated, the body is neither combined with the object nor separated from the object. It is like a bright mirror, the light reflects everything, but the mirror does not match the shadow, nor does it separate Separate from the body." Tang translation "Hua Yan Jing? Ten Tong Pin" twenty-eighth⑦: "For example, the sun and the moon, men, women, houses, mountains, forests, rivers and springs, etc., such as oil, water, treasures, mirrors, etc. Shadows appear in pure objects; shadows and oil, etc., are neither one nor different, neither separated nor combined, although they appear in them, there is nothing defiled." Tang translation "Yuanjue Jing" 8: "The world is like empty flowers in chaos. Extinguish, not to be separated, not to be separated, not to be bound and not to be released." The Zen school used this as the head of the talk, and changed its metaphor of the water mirror, such as the seventeenth volume of "Five Lanterns Huiyuan", Huanglong Zuxin said ⑨: "If you call it a fist, you can touch it. If you don't call it a fist, you can touch it. If you make a fist, you will carry your back." Also, "Seng Bao Zhuan" volume 12 of Zen Forest recommended Fu Gu 10: "Arms are like fire gathering, touching it is burning, and carrying it is not fire." , seems to be all right, not only Hu Yuanrui's so-called "biography"⑾. "Don't touch, don't back", "If you don't, you don't leave", the Confucian saying "There is nothing suitable for nothing" ("The Analects of Confucius Liren") seems to be more profound and simple.Chen Weng's "Chen Jianzhai Poetry Collection Preface" is also missing from "Xuxi Collection". Volume 13 quotes "common proverb" ⑿: "Plum blossom is better than fragrance, and peach blossom is better than color." "Scent" is a good example of charm in poetry. "Taoxi Yuyin Conghua? Back Collection" Volume 33 contains Zhang Yun Old man's "Comment on Poetry" 11, Yu Wang Jiefu said 12: "Like the sound in the sky, the color in the phase, everyone can hear it, but it is difficult to touch it"; just borrowing Shi Shi's language, it is very special to refer to the ear of Fu's poem. Sound and color Although it is "difficult to touch", fragrance is just a smell, let alone a sign, and cannot be "realistic". Western poets and theorists often call fragrance the god of flowers, the soul or the expression of their hearts, which is quite inventive. (426-427 pages)

"Canglang Poetry Talk" said: "Talk not to be straight, and avoid revealing the pulse." Yuyang's "Continued Records of Poetry of Teachers and Friends" said: "Yan Yiqing uses Zen principles to describe poems, and the inner code says: "If you don't leave, you can't leave. Not sticky, Cao Dong’s so-called living sentences⒅, yes”; “Xiangzu Notes” said⒆: “I tasted Jing Hao’s theory of mountains and rivers and realized the samadhi of poets⒇. His words said: Far people have no eyes, far water has no waves , There is no chapping in the distant mountains." According to Verlaine (21): "A good poem is appropriate but not sticky, like ink and ink halo." That is the purpose. "Canglang Poetry Talk" said: "Don't get involved in reasoning, don't let words go. The image in the mirror. According to the second volume of "Bin Tui Lu" Zhang Yunsou (22) "commented on the famous poems of this dynasty": "Wang Jiefu is like the voice in the sky (23), the color in the phase, if you want to find it, you can't find it." It's over. "Volume 18, Luancheng Papers (24), "It is better not to be sensual." The words are full and the meaning is endless, and the sound of three sighs is sung."

"Poetry Mirror" said (25): "Poetry is played in music, and the sound is also. If the sound is faint and the rhyme is leisurely and long-lasting, the sound will not stay. Those who are not strange but self-sufficient, and those who are not beautiful but natural, Rhyme makes it so. Meat eaters don’t value taste but smell (26), and those who hear music don’t hear sound but hear sound.” It’s the same as the French and German poems quoted above on poetry that is wonderful and music can’t be said (27), It's more like the combination of talismans.Verlaine compares the poetic environment to "behind the cicada-winged veil, the bright eyes flow", saying that it seems hidden but not obvious, and the look is always there, that is, it is suddenly rare, which is what Zheng Canglang calls "not to be cobbled together". (Pages 275-276) ① "Fu Yuli's Poetry Collection": written by Fu Ruojin (word and Li) in Yuan Dynasty, 20 volumes.Jiexisi: a writer in the Yuan Dynasty, with the word Manshuo.

②Liu Huimeng: Song Liu Chenweng character. ③ "Xuxi Collection": written by Song Liu Chenweng, ten volumes. ④ "Jie Wen An Ji": written by Jie Xisi, fourteen volumes. ⑤ "Canglang Poetry Talk? Poetry Discrimination": written by Song Yanyu, one volume.It is divided into five sections, including Poetry Debate and Poetry Style. ⑥ Seng Zhao: A famous monk in the sound generation, who wrote a volume of "Shi Bao Zang Lun", also known as "Zhao Lun". "Li Wei Ti Jing Pin" is one of them. ⑦ Tang translation of Huayan Sutra: Tang Shicha Nanda translation, eighty volumes.

⑧ Tang translation of "Yuanjue Sutra": Tang Buddha Doro translation, one volume. ⑨ "Five Lanterns Huiyuan": written by Song Shi Puji, 20 volumes. 10 "Seng Bao Zhuan": Song Shi Huihong wrote, thirty-two volumes.In total, five cases were passed down to eighty-one people. ⑾ Hu Yuanrui: Hu Yinglin, a writer of the Ming Dynasty.There are four volumes of Shisou: Inner, Outer, Miscellaneous, and Sequel. ⑿ "Pi Ya": written by Song Dynasty writer Lu Dian (word Shi Nong), 20 volumes. ⒀ "Tiaoxi Yuyin Conghua": Written by Song Huzai (self-named Tiaoxi Yuyin), the first collection is 60 volumes, and the second collection is 40 volumes.

"Poetry Review": written by Song Dynasty writer Zhang Shunmin (styled Yunsou). ⒁Wang Jiefu: Wang Anshi, a writer of the Song Dynasty. ⒂ "Continued Records of Poems of Teachers and Friends": Qing Liu Daqin asked, Wang Shizhen answered, one volume. ⒃ Yan Yiqing: Song Yan Yu character. (12) Internal Code: The Teaching Code of Buddha. ⒅Cao Jiu: Zen master Tang Liangjia, also known as Dongshan. ⒆ "Xiangzu Notes": written by Qing Wang Shizhen, twelve volumes. ⒇ Jing Hao: Landscape painter of the Later Liang Dynasty, styled Haoran, self-named Hong Guzi, and author of "Shanshui Jue".Samadhi: still mysterious.

(21) Verlaine: French poet in the nineteenth century. (22) "Bin Tui Lu": written by Song Zhao and Shi, ten volumes.Zhang Yunsou: Song Zhang Shunmin characters. (23) Wang Jiefu: Song Wang Anshi characters. (24): Written by Song Wang Yinglin, twenty volumes.Luancheng: Song Suzhe wrote fifty volumes of "Luancheng Ji" and so on. (25) "Poetry Mirror": that is, the volume of "General Theory of Poetry Mirror", written by Lu Shiyong in Ming Dynasty. (26) Smelly (xiu show): Smell. (27) French and German poetic streams: referring to French poets Verlaine, Mallarmé, and Valéry and German romantic poets Wagenloth, Tick, and Novalis, etc. They have similar discussions, and think that poetry does not need to be said. Things are like happiness without meaning, and like happiness with meaning.

Here, the first one starts with the fragments of two articles that Liu Chenweng, a poet of the Song Dynasty, missed in "Xuxi Collection", and discusses the truth that the artistic style of poetry lies in the charm. Liu Chenweng said in the preface to the anthology of poems for brother Xie Sisi: "Poetry wants to be close to the desire, like the moon in the water, like a flower in the mirror"; , on the lifelike fragrance is not as good as the color", it is indeed an extraordinary insight.Yan Yu, who was about the same time as him, talked about the charm of poetry in "Canglang Poetry Talk? Poems", and also said that the moon in the water, the image in the mirror, "transparent and exquisite, can't be compared", talked about the quality of poetry , There are also profound and elegant, such as the sound of the air, the saying of matching color, the views are completely consistent. The eight characters "transparent and exquisite, not close together" mean "to be close to one another", which is also what is said in the Buddhist scriptures, "Neither is not to be apart", and Seng Zhao said "Do not get along with the shadow, nor with the body". "Leaving", "neither separation nor union", is like looking at the moon in the water, or looking at the flowers in the mirror.Water is like a mirror, and the moon is reflected in it. The moon shadow and the moon can neither meet nor separate.It can be seen that they all use Zen as a metaphor for poetry, and the artistry of explaining poetry lies in image thinking and charm.

Liu and Yan have very high opinions on poetry, because they have realized the true meaning of art.Let’s take the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Haoran’s "Spring Dawn" as an illustration: I don't feel dawn when I sleep in spring, and I hear birds singing everywhere.The night comes wind and rain, Whispering Colour! This poem contains the meaning of staying up all night, which is revealed from "the sound of wind and rain at night".It also contains the meaning of falling asleep at dawn, so it is called "bujuexiao", which is related to "hearing birds singing everywhere", because "smelling birds singing" knows that the sky has cleared, so they fall asleep peacefully.From not sleeping to falling asleep, it is revealing the poet's concern for flowers.These changes in mood are not specified, but are written in image thinking.

Liu Chenweng also uses flowers as a metaphor for poetry. The beauty of flowers is that they are fragrant but not beautiful, such as plum blossoms. As long as you smell her elegant fragrance from a distance, you can think of its elegant beauty without seeing her image.The same is true of good poetry. The charm and taste are like the fragrance of flowers, regardless of what is written or what form is used.Another example is that the beauty of peach blossoms lies in their beauty and not in their fragrance. You have to see her beauty with your own eyes to feel her beauty. Naturally, it is inferior to plum blossoms, and it is also slightly inferior in poetry.Zhang Shunmin explained the sound in the air, the beauty of matching color is that "everyone can smell it, but it is difficult to touch it", and the "fragrance" is even more ethereal, invisible, uncatchable, unretainable, and indelible. It is really appropriate to use "fragrance" to describe the charm of poetry.Western poets once said that fragrance is the soul of flowers, so it can also be said that charm is the soul of poetry. The second quote Yan Yu said: "Speaking should not be straight." Wang Shizhen said that Zen master Cao Dong's so-called "participating sentences" are all aimed at the artistic techniques and styles of poetry.Wang Shizhen summed up the secrets of poets in "Xiangzu Notes", namely: "There are no eyes in the far people, no waves in the water, and no cracks in the mountains." Because the "eyes", "waves" and "cracks" need to be seen in the near prescription , This is common sense in life. The treatment of close-up shots in movies is to write close-up shots.Verlaine's "appropriate but not sticky" seems to be more vivid than Yan Yu's. The moon and the image in the mirror mean that "the appropriate surface is not sticky".This also shows that the vague and implicit state, like the bright eyes behind the veil, is infinitely attractive.Lu Shiyong said that poetry focuses on syllables, which is very consistent with German Tick's idea that poetry expresses one's heart and mind with tones.Novalis also said that poetry "only has the harmony of sound and the beauty of words", and "the high level of poetry is like music, which is full of meaning, tactful but not straightforward".It can be seen that no matter what metaphors Chinese and foreign art talkers use to describe poetry, the meaning is roughly the same, that is, poetry should have an implicit style, and it must achieve a state of "seemingly present, that is, suddenly rare". .