Chapter 62 (19) Poetry of the Jingling School

Zhong Tan's poems all focus on the word "spirit", which is actually different from Canglang and Yuyang's views. "Yin Xiuxuan Wen" collection "Observation Book with Gao Hai" ②: "Poetry is as thick as it is thick, and there is nothing left to do. However, since ancient times, there has never been a poet without a spiritual heart. Thickness comes from the spirit, and the spirit is It cannot be thick. The ancient poems are thick with flatness and thick with danger. They are not ineffective. Thick" and so on.Visit Tan Youxia's "Self-inscribed Jane Yuantang Poems" and it says: "The way of poetry and prose, the simple ones are tasteless, and the spiritual ones have traces. I will go on to seek the supernatural for ten years, and retreat to the simple ones for seven or eight years"; also "Yu She Cai Jingfu was quoted in "The Book of the Five Brothers" as saying that he "has a wise pen, a simple man, and a thick heart".Very good discussion.That is what Cang Lang said, "It is not learning to be talented, but learning must be done to the extreme." It is also what Yan Ting said, "Cherishing AI and adding ointment to raise fire seeds"④.Taking "thickness" as the poetics, and "spirit" as the heart of the poem, he is better than Yuyang's mere words and enlightenment, and takes emptiness as the spirit.

Fan Zhongan once selected "Zhong Li He Ke" ⑤, and Zhou's "Chidoxin Xinchao" Volume 7 contains Fan "Book with Friends" ⑥: "Bo Jing is good at tailoring, but his writing is not simple, because his heart is not thick. The inner is thin. Outward embarrassment, so words are worse than words to nourish." According to Bojing's "Shigui" comment repeatedly on the word "thick"⑦, "The Book of Yu Gaohai" also said "to nourish to thicken", and Ziyun is poor and begging , This is exactly what Bo Jing called "knowing but not living, expecting but not arriving, looking but not seeing".Zhong An's ridicule, Bo Jinggu knew his gains and losses early.

Volume 3 of "Duyin Miscellaneous Records" reads ⑧: "Du Lingyun: 'If you break through ten thousand volumes in reading, you can write like a god'; recently Zhong Tan's medicine stone is also. Yuan Weizhi said: "Lianqu speaks directly at the time, and does not care about the source of the ancients"; Wang Li's medicine stone is also. ⑨" He also said: "Zhong Bojing created the body of Ge Hongzheng and Jialong, thinking that he had the true temperament.Everyone is sick and doesn't learn.I thought that this gentleman's talent was too vulgar, and it would be useless to learn it. The so-called temperament is just a dirty word of a lowly husband and a woman in the market, and a gentleman's temperament is not like this. "According to the phrase "condescending husband and contemptuous woman", it may be possible to ridicule the spirit of the public security school, but it is not appropriate for Jingling. You must have a spiritual heart, and then you can read books. This is what Bo Jing said to himself; Bo Jing, it is exactly the same. This is also the proof of the so-called Zhong Tan who studied hard and could not learn.

Volume five of "Miscellaneous Records" states that Wang Li's poetry was originally in Canglang 10.Dull Yin doesn't know Zhong Tan's poetry, and he is also a Biezi who is a wanderer of Canglang.The tenth self-note of Bo Jing's "Gan Gui Poetry" says: "Tan Youxia said that Yu Yi's cleverness interfered with Zen, and his language has a lot of influence." "Wen? Go to Collection? Answer Yin Kongzhao" said: "Brother blames my writing for being very cutting-edge. My generation of writing Where there is no smoke and fire, there is a sharp edge." Tan Youxia's "Records of Cai Qingxian" also has the theory of "using poetry to become a Buddha".Poetry and Zen mentality, clear and clear.In his selection of "Shigui", every time it is not deep, it is regarded as deep, and it is intelligible, but it is said to be incomprehensible.Volume 4 of Nalan Rongruo's "Miscellaneous Knowledge of Lushui Pavilion" said that Bo Jing "wonderfully interpreted "Surangama"⑾, knowing that there is a rooted nature, and it is above Qian Mengsou⑿." Yu Renyi, you can spend a night in a hut, but it is not suitable to fall in love with Sangxia for a long time.Bo Jing cited him and joined him to see Zhu Chengbi.

Zen is also bound, forgetting the commandments of Vimo ⒀; learning without knowing the end, ignoring the words of Xunzi ⒁.So the parrot called people to eat honey for the dumb. The eighteenth volume of the language version "Xuzhuan Denglu" Zen Master Cishou answered the monk's questions ⒂.Its pain is here.As far as Zen is used to talk about poetry, it is irreversible with Canglang and Yuyang.Yuyang's "Gufu Yuting Miscellaneous Records" Volume 5 says: "Zhong Tuigu's "Shi Huai" has many unique insights. His comment on Zuo's family is also very gratifying. The discussion in "Shigui" is especially trivial, and it is too trivial.To Biaozhang Chen Ang and Chen Zhi'an's poems, they have special knowledge. "Yuyang's teachers and friends, such as Muzhai and Zhulong⒅, who edited Ming poems, all gnashed their teeth, uttered their voices, and criticized Jingling. If Yuyang had a ulterior motive, how dare he resolutely write your words. "He Yi "Menji" Volume 6 "Re-Dong Nafu" cloud ⒆:

"Xincheng's "Sanmai Collection" is Zhong Tan's spittle." Yang Shengyi's "Xueqiao Poetry Talk" Volume 3 Record Jiao Yuanxi denounced Xincheng's charm (21), saying that "the poison is more serious than Jingling".None of them are eye-catching.The world only knows Yuyang's poems, which are "elegant Li Yulin" (22), the middle language of Wu Qiao's "Answer to Wan Jiye Poetry Questions", quoted in Zhao Zhixin's "Talking about Dragon Records" (23).I don't know that Yuyang's poetry is borrowed from Zhong Bojing. (Pages 103-105) ① Zhong Tan: Ming Zhong Xing, Tan Yuanchun.Canglang: Song Yanyu, nicknamed Canglang Buke.Yuyang: Prince Shizhen of the Qing Dynasty, nicknamed Yuyangshanren.

② "Yinxiuxuan Collection": It is divided into heaven, earth, Xuanhuang... and other collections, written by Zhong Xing. ③ Tan Youxia: Ming Tan Yuanchun characters, there are 21 volumes of "Tan Youxia Collection". ④ Bingting: Qing Lu Shiyi, there are thirty-five volumes of "Sibianlujiyao". ⑤Fan Zhongan: Fan Wenguang in the Qing Dynasty, with the name Liangshi, was engraved by Zhong Xing and Li Mengyang. ⑥ Zhou's: Twelve volumes of "Chidoxin Xinchao" compiled by Zhou Lianggong of the Qing Dynasty. ⑦ "Shigui": fifty-one volumes, co-edited by Ming Zhongxing and Tan Yuanchun, divided into "Gushigui", fifteen volumes, and "Tang Shigui" in thirty-six volumes.

⑧ "Duyin Miscellaneous Records": ten volumes, written by Feng Ban in Qing Dynasty. 9 Wang Li: Ming Wang Shizhen, Li Panlong. 10 Canglang: Song Yanyu No. Canglang Buke. ⑾Nalan Rongruo: Nalan Xingde characters in the Qing Dynasty, there are four volumes of "Miscellaneous Knowledge of Lushui Pavilion". "Surangama": The name of the Buddhist scriptures, ten volumes, translated by Tang Tianzhu's monk Bancimiti. ⑿Qian Mengsou: Qing Qian Qianyi, also known as Muzhai. ⒀ Vimalakirti: Vimalakirti, the name of the Buddha. "Vimalakrīrti Sutra? Spectator's Life Product" says that the celestial maidens scatter flowers, and all bodhisattvas will fall when the flowers reach them, and they will not fall when the flowers reach the great disciples. If the customs are not purified, Zen will also be bound. ⒁ "Xunzi Encouraging Learning": "Is learning evil at the beginning? Is evil at the end? Said: The number (skill) is to start with reciting scriptures and finally to read rituals." That is to say, learning stops at reading rituals.

(12) "Continued Chuan Deng Lu": that is, "Jianzhong Yasukuni Continuing Deng Lu", written by Song Shiwei in vain, 30 volumes.Because the author intends to continue the "Jingde Zhuan Deng Lu" written by Daoyuan, it is called "Xu Zhuan Deng Lu". ⒃ "Gufu Yuting Miscellaneous Records": six volumes, written by Wang Shizhen. ⒄ Zhong Tui Gu: Zhong Xing, there are seventeen volumes of "Shi Huai". ⒅Zhulong: Qing Zhu Yizun characters, there are 100 volumes of "Ming Shi Zong". ⒆ "He Yimen Collection": Twelve volumes, written by He Zhuo in the Qing Dynasty.

⒇ Xincheng: Qing Wang Shizhen, a native of Xincheng.There are three volumes of "Tang Xian Sanmai Collection". (21) Yang Shengyi: In the late Yang Zhongxi writing, there are twelve volumes of "Xueqiao Shihua", eight volumes in the second collection, twelve volumes in the third collection, and eight volumes in the remaining collection.Jiao Yuanxi: A writer in the Qing Dynasty, with a style of Guangqi. (22) Li Yulin: Ming Li Panlong character.Wu Qiao's "Answer to Wan Ji's Wild Poetry Questions": one volume, written by Wu Qiao in the Qing Dynasty. (23) Zhao Zhixin: Qing people, there is a volume of "Talking about Dragon Records".

This article explains Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun's poetry theory of Jingling School.The poetic theory of the Jingling School all focuses on the word "spirit", such as Tan Yuanchun's "Preface to Poems": "Someone who taught Chun said: What the public and others do, the tune is also created, and the husband's changes are all in the past. His words seem to be audible. But looking at its changes, the words of Zhong Rong and Yan Canglang, such as "Anthology" and "Poetry Deleted" handed down by the world, are all about self-carving and not looking for simplicity and simplicity. In his mind, there is no other place Things, but they cannot be related to the so-called simple and smooth things? Husbands really have spiritual words, which often float on paper and never compete with others. But people who are self-sighted, concentrate on their strength, and think on their own. In order to reach the ancients; I feel that the ancients also have piercing eyes to stare at people from the paper, and I think it is not a mere effort." Here we talk about the so-called "changes are all in the past" at that time, and the "changes" mentioned refer to Zhong Rong Yan Cang The language of waves.Zhong Rong said in "Preface to Poetry": "As for chanting sentimentality, why is it so important to use things? 'Thinking of the king is like running water', since it is the eyes; 'The sad wind on the high platform' is also only seen; The first', Qiang has no reason and reality; 'The bright moon shines on the snow', the canal comes out of the classics and history. Looking at the ancient and modern sayings, most of them are not supplementary, and they are all found directly." This means that writing poems only writes about the scenery you see, and it is not expensive to use things. It is correct to talk about landscape poetry here without using the facts in the classics and history, but it is not enough to express deep thoughts and feelings, reflect complex life feelings, and express rich content in very short lines.Here, the Jingling School should be criticizing the three schools of Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zongdao, and Yuan Zhongdao of the Gong'an School. It is to change the practice of the Seven Sons imitating the Han, Wei and Tang Dynasties around the Ming Dynasty, but this change is not correct.Here we also talk about Yan Canglang, referring to "Canglang Poetry Talk? Poetry Discrimination", which said: "The poems of Han, Wei, Jin and the prosperous Tang Dynasty have the first meaning." The poems of the Jin Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty are also not good.The Jingling School wants to correct these two shortcomings, so it proposes "spiritual and simple", "true words of spirituality", and "self-sightedness", which is to correct the imitation theory of the seven masters around the Ming Dynasty. Tan Yuanchun also said in "The Preface to Poetry": "People use the styles they love, the tunes that are convenient, and the words and sentences that are easy to get. Those who are stagnant, familiar, wooden, and humble are called my learning. The ancients thought that the principles are long and profound, but they have been passed down for a long time, and they pointed out that it is for everyone and a matter of business.... The ancients counted the stagnant, familiar, wooden, and shabby, to absorb the chaotic atmosphere; This number is the source of loss of spirit. The ancients did not discard this number, it is a place where magic and ghosts are hidden; today people only use this number, it is a thing that hates magic and ghosts." There are true and spiritual words here. It is different from saying what others say.These words can be kept in the stagnant words and used to hide the magical words.Today's people don't have true and spiritual words, and they can't express their own vision. Then his dull and crude words, without hidden magic and spiritual words, are completely useless. Zhong Xing also put forward the word "thick" in "The Book of Yu Gaohai": "Xiang Ping read it back and said, insulting Yi Xing's review of "Shi Gui", repeated the word "thick", and most of the writing was not thick. The words of this insight are deep, but there is something to say. Those who repeat the word "thick" in the husband's heart know that this situation exists in the poem. Those who fail to do so in their writing are so-called knowing but not doing it. But it hasn’t come, it’s not seen. How do you say it? Poetry is thick, but there is nothing left to do. However, since ancient times, there has been no poet who has no soul and can be a poet. Thickness comes from the spirit, but the spirit cannot be thick.My younger brother said that there are two schools of poetry in the ancients that are difficult to get started with: one is like the vitality is greatly improved, and the sound is gone, and the other is flat and thick. , Su Li is also.It is like high rocks and steep ravines with no steps on the bank walls. This is dangerous and thick.It's not ineffective, it's extremely thick, and the spirit is not enough to describe it.However, this spiritual heart must be preserved, so that you can nourish your energy by reading books in order to enrich it. "Here it is mentioned that "thickness comes from the spirit". What does thickness refer to? Tan Yuanchun's "Letter with Five Brothers": "Nothing happened in the boat, and I sent it (Cai Gong) back to Mr. Chen Zhihuan and Bo Jing's second letter, saying that I The more simple a person is, the thicker his nature is, which is the test of his virtue.He also said that my pen is intelligent but simple, and my heart is thick.I don't know where the public can spy on me. "So thick refers to being kind and honest. Thickness is related to Jinde, which is benevolence again. Ling refers to pen wisdom and soul. Zhong Xing pointed out that there are two kinds of thick, one is "flat and thick", which means that the temperament is sincere and peaceful, Poems flow from the heart, naturally sincere, this is the spirit. One is dangerous and thick, high in character, principled, inviolable, excellent in language, and inviolable. This is also a kind of spirit.The spirit is the true spirit, and it has its own vision. "Thickness comes from the spirit", that is, only with the insight of oneself can the benevolence or thickness of a person be revealed.Otherwise, if you follow what others say, you will not show benevolence or danger. Mr. Qian believes that "in terms of poetry theory, Zhong Tan's understanding is subtle, not like Zhonglang's blatant bluster. Li Zhong Tan's poetry is the so-called unfulfilled ambition, not because he has not seen the way, so it cannot be completely dismissed." (page 102) It is believed that Zhong Tan's poetry theory of the Jingling school is better than Sanyuan of the Gong'an school.Take a look at Yuan Hongdao's "Xiaoxiu Poems": "Most of them express their spirits alone, without sticking to formulas, and they refuse to write unless they flow from their own chest. Sometimes the situation and the situation match, and a thousand words in an instant are like water pouring into the east, which is soul-stirring. There are There are good points, but there are also flaws. Needless to say, the good points, even the flaws are mostly self-made words. However, I am very happy about the flaws." Also "Lingtao Pavilion Collection Preface": "Or say:'(Jiang Jiang ) Jin's writing is super easy and straightforward, and his words are sharp and far-reaching. He is undoubtedly a talented person of his generation. Poetry is poor, new and extremely changing, and there is no escape from things, but there are one or two languages ​​in it that are close to slang and close to haiku, why? Yu said: "This advanced corrective work, I think it is not as good as it is, it is not enough to correct the disadvantages of superficiality, and it broadens the eyes of the people at the time."However, it also existed in ancient times. Some people passed it on in plain language, such as "the eyelashes are in front of people's eyes" and the like; Also; there are those who pass it on as a haiku, such as "the song is so poor in embarrassment" and the like.Literati in ancient and modern times were trapped by poetry, so Yishi came out in large numbers to release their bonds in order to get rid of their stickiness. "The Gong'an school advocates "expressing the spirit alone, not sticking to the formula" and "flowing from the chest". Therefore, Zhu Yizun's "Ming Poetry Comprehensive" Volume 57 "Yuan Hongdao" said: ""Shihua", Long (zhi) Wan (Li) period, Wang (Shizhen) Li (Panlong) legacy Congestion, Gong'an Kundi (San Yuan) started instead of it, thinking that Tang had its own ancient poems, so there was no need to choose ("Wen Xuan") styles; there were poems in the middle and late (Tang), and there was no need for Zusheng (Tang); Ou (Yangxiu) Su (Shi) Chen (Shidao) Huang (Tingjian) has his own poems, not Tang people.In the Tang Dynasty, the color and luster was bright, like a person who took off his pen and inkstone at night, today's poems only take off his pen and inkstone.Those who hear it for a while are at a loss for breath, just like the dissolution of good medicine, and the disappearance of serious illnesses.Those who are not good at scholars use the humorous and humorous words in their collections, such as "West Lake" says: "One day travels up the lake, one day sits on the lake, one day lives on the lake, and one day lies on the lake." "Occasionally Seeing White Hair" says: "When you see white hair for no reason, you want to cry and turn into laughter." Zixi smiled, and jumped again and again. ""According to the Gong'an school's "expressing the spirit alone, not sticking to the formula", "flowing from the chest", that is the meaning of "spiritual words" and "sight from the eye" said by the Jingling school.However, the Jingling faction opposed the flaws of the Gongan faction and the humorous and humorous works of the Gongan faction, and demanded that "the heart should be calm and at ease, and the expectation must be thick", and that it should be "flat and thick", "dangerous and thick"; He has a lonely mood, and his solitary behavior is quietly placed in the noise, but with his humility and determination, he wanders alone in the dark beyond the boundless, just like a visitor who meets once, a seeker who is fortunate enough to get one, and enters the world. Those who are very pleased with it. Dare not to say that what I say is not the same as that of the ancients, but I dare not use the narrow-skinned and the familiar." (Zhong Xing's "Preface to Poems") This way of exploring the true spirit of poetry with solitude and tranquility, with humility and determination, and opposing the Gong'an school's idea of ​​"closing the skin with the narrow and the familiar" is better than the Gong'an school's poetic theory. Mr. Qian also pointed out that the poetic theory of the Jingling School is better than Wang Shizhen's Shen Yun School, saying that the Jingling School "takes 'thickness' as its poetics, and 'spirit' as its poetic heart. Spiritual." Wang Shizhen's charm said: "'White clouds embrace the secluded stone, and the green scorpion charms the clear ripples', it is clear; 'Don't appreciate the spiritual things, who will pass on the truth', it is far away." Why bother silk and bamboo, landscape There are unvoiced sounds', 'Jingzhang songbird collection, water and woods and Qinghua', both Qingyuan and Qingyuan. The overall magic lies in the charm." "Hazy and cute, the love comes; bright and clear, the words are algae." (""" Poetry Talk with Jingtang (Volume 3) These words talk about verve, and poetic scenery should be selected for scenery writing, such as clouds, water, bamboo and stones, mountains and rivers and singing birds. The "fairy" in "Green Twisted Charm Qinglian" is anthropomorphic, that is, it is sentimental. "Biaoling" refers to the supernaturalness of scenery. "Yunzhen" refers to the storage of immortals, which means great praise here.In this way, the scenery is clear and the meaning is far away.Besides, the writing emotion is revealed by the situation, it is not clear, so it is hazy, only showing a little sign, so it is cute, it is reserved.The Shen Yun school writes the scene like an artistic photo, and chooses a poetic scene to write.The Shen Yun school writes about love, only revealing a little bit of signs, allowing readers to experience it.Regardless of the description of scenery and lyricism, we strive to be subtle.This kind of work, if it is written successfully, can be prepared.The theory of Shen Yun came about because Wang Shizhen saw that the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty were learning Tang poetry, and they only learned the tone and form, which was just imitation, without true temperament and feelings.Therefore, I put forward the theory of Shen Yun, writing about the artistic beauty and true feelings of the scenery, which is better than imitating the tone.This is only if the author really has the artistic beauty seen in the scenery, and really has a real feeling in life.Otherwise, the author has not really seen the artistic beauty of the scenery, and has not really felt it from life, so he will inevitably "take space as the spirit" when he writes poems with Shen Yun.Then it is not as good as Jingling School's "take 'thickness' as poetics, and 'spirit' as poetic heart".Mr. Qian also pointed out the shortcomings of the Jingling School: "the chest is not thick" and "self-promotion is poor and begging".Citing "Du Yin Miscellaneous Records" said that Du Fu's poem: "Reading through ten thousand volumes, writing is as if you have a spirit." It is Zhong Tan's medicine stone, that is, ridiculing Zhong Tan's lack of reading and insufficient academic ability.He also quotes Yuan Zhen's poem: "Lianqu speaks straight to the words of the time, and does not care about the source of the ancients." It is the medicine stone of Wang Li.Refers to the imitation of the ancients by Wang Shizhen and Li Panlong.That is, "following the ancients", not "straight to the language of the time". According to Zhu Yizun's "Ming Shi Zong" Volume 60 "Zhong Xing": "Zhang Wensi said; 'Bo Jing (Zhong Xing) entered Zhonglang (Yuan Hongdao) The room, but thinking about it is amazing, it is easy to change the world with its way, and it is often seen that it is not self-sufficient. "Another volume sixty-six "Tan Yuanchun": "Youxia (Tan Yuanchun) has a unique way, especially for carving.If their talents are not extraordinary, they will be lost; if their knowledge is not thick, they will be lost; if their temperament is not expensive, they will be lost;In a word, it is a disease of not reading. "It comes down to not reading, which is consistent with what I said above. Mr. Qian thinks that Zhong Tan is knowledgeable, but his academic ability is not enough, so Zhong Xing said to himself, "Knowledge but not fulfilled, expectation has not come, hope has not been seen." Mr. Qian also He pointed out that Zhong Tan’s Poetry Guild also has shortcomings, that is, the poems are “received as a Zen master’s introduction to Huatou” and “everytime it is not deep, it is emphasized that it is deep, and it is intelligible but it is unintelligible. "For example, Ding Xianzhi's "Shou Sui in Beijing" volume 14 of "Tang Shi Gui": "Shou Sui burns more candles, and don't cover up all night."The sorrow of guests should be full of darkness, (Zhong Yun: The word "full" is the same as the word "full" in the word "love in the alley". ) The spring scenery returns to the Ming Dynasty. (Zhong Yun: 'When the darkness is full' and 'return to the light', each has its own reality and cannot be explained.)..." This poem was written as a guest in Beijing. On New Year's Eve, I stayed up all night. I burned candles and stayed up all night. Don't sleep until the candles are burned out, the room is dark, and the guests are full. At this time, it is almost dawn, so I say "the spring scenery returns to the light". These four sentences are not difficult to understand. Zhong Xing said "I can't understand", It can be solved and "so it is unsolvable. " "When the darkness is full" and "return to the light" are precise, but not deep. It is said that "it cannot be solved", which seems to be "deep without deep". Point out "guest sorrow" when the candle is dark "Full" refers to "spring" and "return" at dawn, which is like "a Zen master's introduction to Huatou ginseng". If you stay on "Jieyin Huatou Shen", you will become "unable to solve".When discussing poetry, we should break through meditation and explain it from the perspective of creation.It would be wrong to stay on "unable to solve".Therefore, it is said that "talking about art is to Zen, just like the king is to benevolence and righteousness, you can stay in a hut for a night, but it is not suitable to fall in love with sangxia for a long time." "Zhuangzi? Tianyun": "Benevolence and righteousness, the former king's house (hotel), you can stay for one night but not for a long time." To read poems by citing Huatou, you only need to refer to it, and then you should turn to artistic analysis.Otherwise, you will stay in meditation and stick to it, like a parrot calling someone, who can only speak what you have learned from others, but not your own experience; like a dumb person eating honey, who can distinguish the sweetness of honey, but cannot express it. Another example is "Tang Poetry Returns" Volume 12 Chang Jian "White Dragon Cave Rafting": "...The circle is flowing from the pan, and the night is still still. The indifference is infinite, and the body and the waves go to the moon." (Zhong Yun: "'' The word and' is inconceivable, and it ends with unfinished words, which is wonderful. Ruoyun: 'The body and waves go up to the moon, indifferent and infinite. 'Then there is a contribution to the characters of' and', but it is very skinny. Zhong Yun: "The beauty of concluding a sentence is that there are still speakers under similar sentences."It is not enough to say this without a deified pen. ") This ending is written in the boat on the lake, non-stop at night, because the body and the waves have infinite affection for the moon, that is, the affection for the moon and the water waves, so they are still rafting at night. The advantage of this ending is that it only says "indifferent and infinite meaning", what kind of affection is not mentioned, let the readers experience it by themselves. In connection with the above article, "There is a sky in the silence, and there is nothing outside the mind." At that time, "the night was quiet", so we said "Ying Ji", there is another world in the silence, what kind of world is it?It is "nothing outside the heart", which is what is thought in the heart.At that time, the poet could have all kinds of thoughts in his mind, and it was also "unlimited".This is a poetic speculation that jumps out of the Zen master's quotation.Zhong Xing believes that "the word 'and' is inconceivable", that is, "it can be interpreted but it is said to be inexplicable".It is also incomprehensible to say that the last two sentences of the conclusion are reversed, "the skin is very skinny".It is correct to say that the aftertaste is endless, and it can be experienced. It is said to be "the pen of deification", and it is "not deep but strong is deep".This is indeed Zhong Tan's shortcoming. Mr. Qian also pointed out that Wang Shizhen highly praised Zhong Xing's "History", and said that his review of "Zuo Zhuan" was very gratifying.For example, on the Battle of Chengpu: "He who is good at controlling the victory, judges the opportunity to exercise power, has the master in the middle and does not predict the outside, controls me, and uses everything in the world; uses everything, and then the enemy loses. This is the way to win. Jin Wengong City Puzhi In war,...the main thing is to make good use of Cao Wei. Cao Wei, Chu's alliance with the country. Chu has Cao Wei, and Jin has Song. Chu defeated Song, Jin did not save Song and took Cao Bo, and divided Cao Wei's field In order to give back to the Song Dynasty, and to tire the hearts of the Chu people, the Song Dynasty's siege was self-resolved. When the Chu people asked to return to the Marquis of Wei and granted the title of Cao, they privately promised to return to Cao Wei to take him with them. .The shape of Cao Wei turned into Song and Chu isolated, Chu isolated and Jin defeated Chu, and decided without waiting for a battle." Here, through the battle of Chengpu, it is gratifying to study the way of Jin's victory.Then he called his poems in recognition of Chen Ang and Chen Zhi'an. According to Zhong Xing's "Biography of Mr. Baiyun", he called Chen Ang's poems, and Xu Wei's poems were called Xun Ang.Wang Shizhen can appreciate Zhong Xing, and he must see his benefits.He Zhuo said that Wang Shizhen's "Sanmai Ji" was Zhong Tan's spit.Wang Shizhen's selection "Tang Xian Samadhi Collection" is biased towards Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Wei Yingwu, and Liu Zongyuan, adopting the saying "don't use a single word, but full of romance" in Sikong Tu's "Poetry", focusing on rushing and indifferent , do not take the poems of Li Bai and Du Fu who "hold the whale and the blue sea".This is similar to Zhong Tan's "observing his deep feelings and single emotions", so it is said that "it is Zhong Tan's spit".As for Shen Yun's saying that "the poison is worse than Jingling", it refers to the flaws of Shen Yun's theory, which is empty and blurred. It is the same as the appearance of Ming Qizi in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which is also an empty cavity, so Wu Qiao called Wang Shizhen a poem As "Li Yulin is delicate and handsome", that is to say, he also belongs to the school of Li Panlong, the seventh son of the Ming Dynasty, but he is more delicate.Mr. Qian also pointed out that Wang Shizhen's poems have something in common with Zhong Xing's "single sentiments and single emotions, solitary travel and quiet delivery", but they are only implicit.This is Mr. Qian's evaluation of Wang Shizhen's poetry.