Chapter 48 (4) On Yu Xin's Poems

It is said that Zishan is good at ①. In his early years, he completed the chapters on chanting things and describing scenery.As for the pain of family and country due to family background, as Chen called "Nian Yong Huai" twenty-seven poems ②, although there is a dirty and injustice, but the tongue is strong and the heart is commendable, what is the name of the words.The poems of Gai Six Dynasties are deeply limited by the habit of concubines and concubines.The top is "Taihua Three Peaks", and the bottom must be "Xunyang Nine Schools"; "Shi Tong? Narrative" ridiculed: "Compiled characters are not only written, but the sentences are double. One word is enough to make two words, and three sentences are divided into four sentences. It is like selling iron money, using two as one"; .For example: "Xuanni grieves for Lin, and Xishou weeps for Confucius"; "Although he is good-looking, he is not as slow as Chang Qing"; Ups and downs"; "Toasts make great achievements, and the sages help Hongji".Yanhe's "Li Ci" laughed as "Pianzhi", and later Shilu became sick and "joined his palms".Zishan's poem is anti-historical and ancient, imitating infantry, scraping off algae, and referring to scattered sentences.But the old habits still exist, and the accumulation is hard to change. If you lose your home and rely on it, you will become weak.For example, "Whoever knows that ambition is not fulfilled, nothing is as straight as a string"; "Heaven is ignorant, but the spirit is very lacking"; "; "The ancients held this nature, so they could not be at ease"; "There are thousands of meanings from the origin, and it is a peach blossom garden"; "Huaisheng is alone sad, what is peace in life"; The residence is not the residence, and there is peace and tranquility"; "Auspicious people grow auspiciously, and good people are good all day long."According to Zishan, he likes this body very much, and makes several kinds of jokes.For example, "Shang Wang Situ Bao" says: "The name is fixed here, so the whole virtue is complete"; "Sad Fu" says:

"Looking and thinking is hopeless, and there is no return when you come back. From an official to not an official, to return to the field is not the field." These are all childish words.It is very different from the usual policemen.Among them, the song "Em Shuts Down the News" is more fluent, and the words "Slender waist and thin waist, don't tear the waves; hatred will never rest, and there will be no more beautiful women" are also common in the Qi and Liang Dynasties. Ear.If it is simple and majestic, do not carve or paint to create a wonderful one, such as:

"The infantry didn't drink, Zhongjing didn't play the qin. Suo Suo has no real energy, he is faint and vulgar." "The waning moon is like the first moon, and the new autumn is like the old autumn"; "There is no boredom, everything is boring, what to wait for. Dimness is like sitting in the fog, and the long sea of ​​doubt"; Although his face can be hot, his heart is naturally cold. Take a mirror from the box and put on a picture to look after yourself. Fortunately, there is no reason for invasion and hunger, and there is a bar for invading soldiers." There are very few of them in the twenty-seven chapters.Outside, "Send to Xuling" says: "If the old man thinks about me, it will be in this lifetime. Don't wait for Shanyang Road, just hear the flute and mourn."Zishan's poems and poems are works with bright objects and romantic feelings, such as "Spring Fu", "Qixi Fu", "Lamp Fu", "Duezhu Fu", "Mirror Fu", "Mandarin Duck Fu", etc. What the Southern Dynasties did.Jifu's style of Wei and Zhou changed greatly, but the two chapters "Xiangxi" and "Mashe" are still consistent.His Fu such as "Small Garden", "Bamboo Stick", "Qiong Bamboo Stick", "Dead Tree" and "Sadness" all express their emotions with objects and express their feelings far and deep. Qing pointed directly at the legacy, and his poor state is full of beauty in "A Fu on Jiangnan".In the early days, I made a lot of simple descriptions, and in the late days, I made good luck and the truth;As for his poetry, since he entered the north, there has been no new voice, but he has lost his old track. It is still roughly the same as the style of his early years, which is different from that after Ci Bin is better than the former. The thesis of the "General Catalog" is not as good as the poems, so it is true.Chen's citations of Du's poems include "Yong Huai Ancient Site"; .Today's people sneer at spreading fu, but they don't realize that the former sages are afraid of the younger generation", all of which clearly refer to the theory of Ci Fu.If Shaoling commented on Zishan's poems, "Chun Ri Huai Li Bai" has a solid saying: "Fresh Yu Kaifu." The following words are very measured.Yang Sheng'an is a hero who deceives others, and they are confused. Chen followed his falsehood and didn't care about fabricating facts. It's strange to sigh. (Pages 299-301) ① Zishan: Yu Xin characters, there are 40 volumes of "Yu Kaifu Collection Notes".

②Chen's: In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Hang's character was Taichu, and there were four volumes of "Shi Bi Xing Jian". This is about Yu Xin's poems and Fu.Mr. Qian believes that Yu Xin's poems are good at his early poems of chanting things and describing scenery, that is, poems written in Liang Dynasty, which are "the strength after the five ancients, and the pioneer of the five rhythms." The four pillars of the long corridor are connected. The singing fanned to the moon, and the dancing shadows entered the strings. The stream is just outside the window, and the mountain flowers are in front of you. I hope that there will be joy, and it will be a hundred years from now.” As a five-character ancient poem, this poem was the best at that time. Yes, it can be called stamina.It is the first way to open the five laws.

Requirements for five-character poems: 1. One poem has eight sentences, and this one is exactly eight sentences.Second, use flat rhyme, this song uses flat rhyme.Third, the two couplets in the middle are antithetical, and the first couplet can be right or wrong.The two couplets in the middle of this song are dual, and the first couplet is also right.Fourth, we must pay attention to flatness. The flatness of this poem, except for the third sentence "singing fans the moon", which is flat and flat, and used three times in a row; Except for two sentences that are inconsistent, the rest are consistent with the five laws, so it is said to be "the first way to open the five laws".

Chen Hang talked about the twenty-seven poems of Yu Xin's "Nianyonghuai", and said in "Poetry Bixing Notes": "Linghu Defen wrote "Book of Zhou", saying that Zishan's writings are floating and light, and the words are for sinners. The first refers to his The juvenile palace style is as famous as the ears of Xiaomu (Xu Ling). It will end in the Qing Dynasty (Qingming Dynasty, referring to the Liang Dynasty). Geng and Qiyan, although the meeting is extremely gracious, the article can survive the world. But Jingwu (referring to Liang) was overthrown, the pass was displaced, the reading of the ice tiller was deep, and the love of Yanye was exhausted. Xianglei (Qu Yuan) Yin, the cry of Baoxu (Shen Baoxu), the wind of Zhongyi (Chu Zhongyi was imprisoned in Jin and sang Chu songs), Wenji's grief and anger, it will be the Six Seasons (Six Dynasties)

Widowed, don't you want to be filial and deterred.The success of Si Ze's situation is not the misfortune of Sai Weng Those also. ... Shaoling's poems say: "Yu Xin's articles are more mature when he is old", and "the poems in his old age move Jiangguan", there are reasons for this. "Mr. Qian commented: "According to this paragraph of discussion, the "Siku Zongmu" is completely copied and intercepted. Volume 148 of "Zongmu" says: "Yu Xin's parallel essays are a collection of the achievements of the Six Dynasties, guiding the pioneers of the four masters (Wang, Yang, Lu, and Luo), and they are forty-six masters."At the beginning of the Southern Dynasty, he was as famous as Xu Ling.Therefore, Li Yanshou's "Northern History? Wenyuan Biography" called Xu Yuyi's shallow writing, Wang Tong's "Zhong Shuo" also called Xu Yu's exaggeration, and Linghu Defen's "Book of Zhou" even denounced it as a sinner.However, this refers to the day when Taicheng became a teacher, and the two of them were admiring each other with their palace bodies.

After Zhixin moved to the north, his experience has been long and his knowledge has deepened. All his works are supported by brilliance and reality, both emotional and literary, and he can change freely with pornography and dialogue, which is beyond the reach of Ling.Du Fu's poem said: "Yu Xin's articles are more mature than old ones." 'Then the theories of various schools, I just don't think so. Chen's so-called "the situation is perfect, it is not a misfortune", that is, Zhao Oubei's "Tiyuan Yishan Collection": "The country's unfortunate poets are lucky, and the poems are easy to work when they are in the vicissitudes of life." "Zongmu" quotes Du's poems and focuses on Zishan's parallel prose; Chen's use of them to describe Zishan's poems is based on Yang Sheng'an. The nineteenth volume of "Danqian Zonglu" says: "Yu Xin's poems are the best in Liang and the pioneers of Tang Dynasty."Shi commented on his poems as beautiful and beautiful, and Du Zi called them fresh and mature.It is beautiful and fresh, everyone knows it, but it is old and mature, and the beauty of the only son can show its beauty.I tasted it together and derived it and said: "It's too rich to hurt the quality, too colorful and boneless, clear but not thin, new but not dusty, so it is old and mature." 'Chen's theory of drawing together all kinds of ideas, Qu Wei's theory, without evidence and evidence, cannot be refuted. "

When refuting Chen Hang's statement, Mr. Qian put forward his evaluation of Yu Xin's poems.It is generally believed that Du Fu's evaluation is correct.Du Fu called Yu Xin's early poems "Fresh Yu Kaifu" and rated them fresh.Mr. Qian added that he called it "surprisingly ingenious, well-tuned and aligned, which is the afterlife of the five ancients, and pioneered the five laws", which should be affirmed.Yu Xin's poems in his later years are "strong in pen and tongue" and "weak in support".Some are Liu Yanhe, that is, Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long? Li Ci" ridiculed the two-sentence "parallel branch of antithetical sentences", which was later criticized as "joining palms".There is this kind of clapping in Yu Xin's poem "Yong Huai".For example, "you can go up to the moon by boat, and you want to touch the sky by flying your hips";Again, it is like "who knows that ambition is not fulfilled, there is nothing as straight as a string", "straight as a string" is empty, which is equal to "will not achieve". "The sky is clear, but the spirit is very lacking." "Spirit" means that the "spirit" is less. This is the so-called "immature". Therefore, Chen Hang said that Yu Xin's "Xian Yong Huai" poem was written by Yang Shen Poems that weigh heavily are inappropriate.

Mr. Qian also talked about Yu Xin's Fu, thinking that Yu Xin's Fu in the Liang Dynasty was a work of love and love.Such as "Spring Fu": "In Yichun Garden, the mid-spring has returned, and I wear spring clothes in the incense hall. There are thousands of birds chirping in the New Year, poplar flowers are flying all over the road in February, the whole county of Heyang is full of flowers, and the golden valley is always full of trees. A clump of vanilla is enough to hinder People, a few feet of silk is a horizontal road..." When the Liang Dynasty fell, Yu Xinqu stayed in the Western Wei and Northern Zhou, like "Xiaoyuan Fu": "So the landslides and rivers are exhausted, the ice is broken and the tiles are cracked, and the robber (referring to Hou Jing) sneaks into the city. Move, and the long distance will perish forever. Break the straight bridle in three dangers, and break the flat road in nine folds. Jingke has the sorrow of cold water, Su Wu has the difference of autumn wind. Guanshan is sad for the wind and moon, and Longshui is for the liver and intestines.... "Writing about the subjugation of the country Pain is what Du Fu called "Yu Xin's essays are more mature, and Ling Yunjian's brushstrokes are vertical and horizontal". "Sorrowing Jiangnan Fu" is the representative work of his Ling Yunjian pen.This is a more comprehensive evaluation of Yu Xin's works.