Chapter 37 (14) Clear water with stones and salt in water

(Huang Tingjian) "Ci Yun Wen Qian": "The water is clear and the stone is known to you. This is my family's secret collection." ① "Tianshe Note: "Shui Qingshi sees the above note. "Xiqing Shihua" contains (suspected theory or words and words) Du Shaoling's poems: when writing poems and doing things, it should be like a commentary: there is salt in the water, and drinking water is to know the taste of salt. This says , The secret collection of poets. ②" According to the poem, it was written in the first year of Chongning ③. The second poem of "Fenghe Wenqian Presents Wugui" in the first year of Yuanyou of the valley says: "Talk about the scriptures and use Yan to say, but discard the biography of Confucianism ⑤. Although the origin is guilty, the end of the nine counties ⑥. Zhanghou Zhendong ⑦, Don't fight with a strong wall; it's hard to fight with words, clear water and stones will see themselves." Tianshe Note: "Ancient Yuefu "Yan Ge Xing": "Don't talk about the language, clear water and stones will see themselves." ⑧ "The so-called "Notes on Tools "Those who refer to this.Shan Shangai repeated the old saying from sixteen years ago⑨.The sophistication of the world ⑩, life is difficult and embarrassing, when you lose your will, you should calm down and endure things, and don't be arrogant and aggressive;Its "Gift to Zhang Shuhe" says ⑾: "I mention the four seals of health preservation ⑿, a hundred battles are victorious, it is better to endure ⒀; ten thousand words are worthwhile, it is better to be silent"; and the second poem in "He Bin Lao" says: " When foreign things attack people, the sound of bells and drums will be heard; when the bows and arrows are exhausted, I will taste nothing." This is the purpose of "It is difficult to fight with words, and do not fight with a strong wall". The so-called "Samadhi of Wuzheng" in the "Diamond Sutra"⒁ is also the same as the famous sentence in Chen Jianzhai's "Baozhen Pond" later: "Wave waves like to shake people, and Xiaoli waits for them to be settled."In the past, when Wang's new study was flourishing, Gai Shanshan tried to sneak into Xiang Wen's words; now the two of them turned to the old servants as chasing guests, so they reiterated the previous commandments, regardless of poetry.However, the misunderstanding is not only Tianshe.Volume 21 of Li Sizhi's "Junxi Collection" "Postscript to Zhao Jiandu's Poetry" early said: "The valley is made of clear water and stone sees (my words are false). The secrets of the family are hidden, and the people in the sect can't describe them." ; Later Yuan Qiyan's "Dongpo Collection" Volume 1 "Ti Yang Chengzhai Nanhai Collection" second sentence, "Water is clear and stones can see themselves, and the way of change is the agreement. The article has no bottom, and it will be less interesting." There is no lack of misconceptions in the world. The supreme 呪 is the secret collector of Tanyi.Fortunately, it can't be explained, otherwise it will be forced to explain people, just like what Ying Shuyan said in Tianshe's commentary.The "secret treasure" mentioned in Fushan Valley's poem focuses on the availability of stones in the water. The proverb says: "Only when the water is clear can you see two kinds of fish" The first: "The water is clear and the fish will see it"); "Secret storage" mentioned in "Xiqing Shihua" focuses on the unobtainable salt in the water and sees it.Tianshe and others said that Wen Shupu is called the same (12), but they attack each other because of ignorance and contradiction.

The metaphor of "salt in water" has a profound meaning.Hereby explain it a little because of Tianshe's note.According to legend, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Liang, Fu Dashi wrote "Heart King Inscription". The decision is there, but its shape is invisible. The king of the heart is also ⒄, and he lives in the body." The so-called "interpretation of words" in "Xiqing Poetry Talk" shows this.Salt water is a metaphor for the heart in the body, and this is a metaphor for the reality in poetry.Yuan Yu's book, "Yi Shan Ji" Volume 36 "Du Shi Xue Yin" said: "Predecessors have discussed Zimei's stories, and there is a metaphor in salt water" and so on.Later generations followed, such as the twenty-first statement in Wang Boliang's "Qulu? On Yongshi": "There is another kind of thing that is used in a sentence, which makes people unconscious. It is like the so-called pinch of salt water in the Zen school. Drinking water is to know the taste of salt. A good hand"; Yuan Zicai's "Suiyuan Poetry Talk" Juan Qiyun ⒅: "Using allusions is like salt in water, but you know the taste of salt, but you don't see the quality of salt." Gai has been a common comment on evaluation.In fact, this purpose was first published in the article "Yan's Family Instructions? Articles". It is recorded that Xing Zicai called Shen Xiu Wenyun⒆: "Shen Hou's articles do not make people aware of things, as if he was talking in his chest." Liu Gongfu's "Zhongshan Poetry Talk" called Jiang Neighbor A few poems also say: "The commentators say that there is no need to do things, and that they can make things happen as they do. They are natural and thick, and they are poems that can be spoken. Jiang got it." Te didn't take an example, so he didn't make a statement.The Swiss novelist Keller once said: "Poetry can teach, but the teaching must be melted in the poem, like sugar or salt disappearing in the water."However, one secretly uses allusions and one allegorical teaching, both are taken as the example of adding salt to the water, although the size of the words is different, but the intention is the same.That is, Schiller's so-called content in the high realm of art is just reduced to form (21) (see page 1312 of "Guan Zhui").The appearance is the same but the heart is different ("Shi Tong" twenty-eighth "Simulation" (22)), and the reasoning is one but the work is divided ("Ming Daoyu" in Volume 14 of "Cheng's Posthumous Letters" in Henan Province) (23).Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish and observe without sticking to it, to be able to understand without confusion, and it is almost possible to test the words of others.The French poet Valéry said: "Poetry contains the meaning of truth, as if it really contains nourishment; what nourishes the body, it is only a delicious thing. Those who eat it appreciate the beauty of the taste, and they can't save the power of nourishment." Zheng Yi This purpose.Compared with water with salt and sugar, the words are more sweet.Difficult to say, three corners can be reversed.Not only teachings, righteousness, allusions, etc. are advocating erudition, but also exquisite craftsmanship and bleak management, all should be like salt in water, without seeing its shape. (Pages 333-335) ①Wen Qian: Song poet Zhang Lei wrote Wen Qian.Secret hiding? Utah secret.

②Xiqing Shihua: For Song Caishuang's "Xiqing Shihua", see Guo Shaoyu's "Song Shihua Collection". ③ The first year of Chongning: 1102. ④ The first year of Yuanyou: 1086.Wugui: Chao Buzhi, the word Wugui. ⑤Yan said: "Han Feizi? Wai Chu Shuo Zuo Shang": "The people of Ying left Yan Xiangguo's book, night book, the fire is not clear, because the person holding the candle said: 'raise the candle', and mistakenly wrote 'raise the candle'." Yan Xiang got a book, saying that "holding candles" is for Shangming and for promoting virtuous people.Refers to misunderstanding.Shu Chuan: Han Yu's poem: "The third biography of "Spring and Autumn" is in a high cabinet."

⑥ Origin: It refers to the small source of the river, such as the flood of bad water, which means that Wang Anshi's scriptures had little impact at the beginning.Mopaimi nine counties: The end of the world pervades China.Nine counties: Kyushu. 7 Zhang Hou: Refers to Zhang Lei.Liku: refers to rich theory. ⑧ "Yan Ge Xing" of the ancient Yuefu: "The husband-in-law comes from the door and leans against the northwest kun. If you speak well, don't do it. The water is clear and the stones are self-evident." ⑨ See the note above: Refers to the note on the poem in the first year of Yuanyou above.The old saying sixteen years ago: From the first year of Chongning to the first year of Yuanyou, it was sixteen years.The old saying is "clear water and stone see".

⑩澒 (hong coax) hole: connected continuously. ⑾Zhang Shuhe: Huang Tingjian's brother-in-law Zhang Xun was named Shuhe. ⑿ Four Seals of Health Preservation: Ren Yuan's Note: "Tolerance, silence, flatness, and straightness." ⒀Being victorious in a hundred battles is not as good as a forbearance: Ren Yuan's note: "Mr. Lao Su (Xun)'s "Book of Quan" said: 'One forbearance can support a hundred courage.'" ⒁ Samadhi: Buddhist language, refers to Zhengding. ⒂ Rat Pu: "Yin Wenzi? Dao Xia": "People in Zheng called Pu when the jade was unreasonable, and people in Zhou called Pu when the rat was not cured."

Zheng Jia bought raw materials from Zhou people, but he refused to take them when he saw a mouse.The name does not match the truth. ⒃ Selijiaoqing: "Zhongzhou Ji": "Jixianjiao, blue like jasper." ⒄ King of Heart: Buddhist language, refers to Tibetan consciousness, which can hide all seeds of good and evil. ⒅Yuan Zicai: Yuan Mei was named Zicai.There are sixteen volumes of "Suiyuan Shihua" and sixteen volumes of "Addendum". ⒆ "Yan Family Instructions": Beiqi Yanzi pushed.Xing Zicai: Xing Shao Zicai.Shen Xiuwen? Shen Yuezi Xiuwen. ⒇ Liu Gongfu: Liu Tun's word is Gongfu.Jiang Lin Ji: Jiang Xiufu's word is Lin Ji.

(21) Schiller: German dramatist at the end of the eighteenth century. (22) "Shi Tong": Twenty volumes, a masterpiece of historical studies by Tang Liu Zhiji. (23) Henan "Cheng's Posthumous Letters": written by Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao.Ming Dao: Cheng Hao's character is Ming Dao. This article talks about the life attitude of "clear water and stones see themselves" and the creative method of "salt in water". Ren Yuan's commentary interpreted it as "salt in the water", confusing the two.Mr. Qian then quoted Huang Tingjian's "Fenghe Wenqian Presents No Blame" "Shuiqing Shizizi" in the first chapter, explaining that "Shuiqingshijian" in "Ciyun Wenqian" refers to Wang Anshi's promulgation of new scriptures. Wang Anshi's new learning flourished for a while when he used his new scriptures in the examination.Huang Tingjian used "clear water and stone to see" in "Ci Yun Wen Qian", which means that you don't need to argue with Wang Anshi's new learning.Sixteen years later, in his poem "Fenghe Wenqian Presents No Blame", he pointed out that Wang Anshi's new learning caused Confucian scholars to put the old classics on the shelf and use Wang Anshi's wrong new meanings. I have seen it clearly.Therefore, in Huang Tingjian's poems, it is mentioned that "it is better to endure" and "it is better to be silent".Pointing out that when Wang Anshi's new scriptures are at their peak, it is better to be patient, silent, and not to argue with him. The so-called "Samadhi of Wuzhong" does not go to remonstrance, and its right and wrong will be determined by itself, which is the famous sentence of Chen Yuyi:

"Microwave likes to shake people, and Xiaoli waits for it to be decided."Microwaves will shake the shadow of a person in the water. After standing still and waiting for the wave to settle, the shadow of the person will become clear. "Clear water and stones can see themselves" is based on "Two or three brothers in Yange Xing, wandering in other counties. Who will mend the old clothes, and who will take the new clothes? Master Lai Dexian, take them as my flowers (sew) system). Husband-in-law comes from the door, leaning against the northwest (squint). Don’t talk to me, the water is clear and the stones will see themselves." "Clear water and stones will see themselves", so that the husband-in-law does not have to be suspicious, and he will prove that they are with the daughter The master is innocent.Therefore, "Water is clear and stone sees by itself" refers to an attitude of being a human being, treating it with patience and silence, and you will understand right and wrong when the time comes.

As for "salt in water" is a creative method, it is like "salt in water, green glue in color", only water, not salt, only blue, not glue.This is like using an allusion in a poem, which is melted into the poem, so that people cannot see it. Mr. Qian also pointed out that the content of these words is already contained in "Yan's Family Instructions? Articles", that is, "articles do not make people feel that they use things, but they are self-conscious." It seems unnecessary to use allusions, as if he said what he said from his heart .For example, in Liu Tun's "Zhongshan Poetry Talk", it is said that Jiang Linji "has tasted an ancient poem saying: "Fifty years of decline, add me next year." When it comes to poetry, Jiang has it." The two sentences of "fifty" are like Jiang Linji's heartfelt words, but they are allusions.

"The Analects of Confucius? Shuer": "The Master said: 'If you add me for a few years, you can learn "Yi" after fifty years. There is no big difference." Then "fifty" and "add me" both come from Confucius' words. "Next year" also comes from "several years", so using things like this will not make people feel it.Besides, "Poetry can teach, but teaching must be melted into poetry." Like Tang Wang Zhihuan's "Climbing the Stork Tower": "The sun is at the end of the mountain, and the Yellow River flows into the sea. If you want to see a thousand miles, go to a higher level." This is a poem about scenery, and the last two sentences contain a lesson, that is, for learning, you have to stand tall to see far.This is the lesson, and the lesson is contained in the scene as written.

Mr. Qian pointed out that the metaphor of salt in the water can refer to two aspects: one is the use of allusions, which melt the allusions into the language so that people do not feel that they are using allusions.On the one hand, it contains lessons, including lessons in the scenes written, so that people can experience lessons from the scenes written.Mr. Qian also cited page 1312 of "Guan Zhui Bian" to talk about Bao Zhao's "Ode to Wuhe": "There are many changes and complex shapes, unevenness (jianjian, still) dense, smoke and mist, as if there is no hair quality." This means that a group of cranes are dancing, with many changes and postures, irregular but still dense, like the condensation of smoke, the hairs and the constitution of the cranes cannot be seen clearly.Mr. Qian also said: "The crane dance even makes people see the dancing posture but not the crane body. It deeply determines the fineness of the craftsmanship. It is just a novelty. The body is all contained in the use, and the quality is pure and vivid. Turning into smoke and clouds, if there is no fixed model in flow, it will solidify the realm that artists yearn for." That is to say, you can see the dancing posture of the group of cranes, but you can't see the body of the group of cranes.This is also the same as salt in water. You can distinguish the taste of salt but not see it. This is from the sense of taste;In this way, the metaphor of salt in the water can be compared to melting the allusion into the language, so that people do not feel the allusion; Showing the physique is the state that the artist yearns for.