Chapter 30 Twenty-eighth Condemnation Novels in the Late Qing Dynasty

Twenty-eighth Condemnation Novels in the Late Qing Dynasty After Guangxu Gengzi (1900), the publication of denunciation novels flourished.Since Gai Jiaqing, although he has repeatedly pacified internal strife (White Lotus Sect, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Nian, Hui), he has also been repeatedly defeated by foreign enemies (British, French, Japanese). Thinking of reform, relying on the heart of the enemy, calling for reform and patriotism, especially for "wealth and strength".The Reform Movement of 1898 failed, and the Boxer Rebellion happened two years later when Gengzi was years old. The people knew that the government was not enough and tried to govern, so they suddenly had the intention of attacking.In the novel, it exposes termas and shows its evils, but in current politics, it is strictly corrected, or expanded, and customs are involved.Although the purpose of fate is to change the world, it seems to be of the same genus as satirical novels, but the diction is blunt, the pen has no hidden edge, and even exaggerated words, in order to meet the preferences of the people at the time, the measurement technology is far from the same, so don't call it condemnation Fiction.Its author, the head of the Pavilion of Nanting and I, is the most famous person in Foshan.

The head of Nanting Pavilion is Li Baojia, courtesy name Boyuan, from Wujin, Jiangsu Province. He is not good at art making and poetry. ", which is a humorous and ridiculed article, was later sold by merchants as a "basic bottom". They also ran "Shanghai Prosperity News", [1] notes advocating excellent daily life, and included poems and novels, which are very popular.His works include several volumes of "Gengzi Guobian Tanci", six volumes and one volume of "Hai Tian Hong Xue Ji", [2] several volumes of "Dream of Prosperity" and "Living Hell" [3].There is also a person who specifically denounces the disadvantages of the times called "A Little History of Civilization", which is published separately in "Xiuxiang Novels", [4] is especially famous.At the time of Gengzi, the government decree was reversed, and the people in the country were disappointed. They wanted to find out the cause of the disaster, and blamed the sinners for their own pleasure. Baojia also responded to the entrustment of the businessman and wrote it. It was planned to be ten chapters and twelve chapters, starting from the 20th year of Guangxu. From seven to twenty-nine years, three editions were formed, and in the next two years, two editions were formed. He died in March of the thirty-two year, at the age of forty (1867--

1906), the book is not finished; there is no son, the actor Sun Juxian [5] justified his funeral, and rewarded the "Fantasy News" for boasting.I was recommended to the special economic department, but if I didn't go, I thought it was high; He also worked in seal cutting, and there is "Yinxiang Yinpu" (6) which is popular in the world (see Zhou Guisheng's "Xin'an Notebook" III, Li Zujie's letter to Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang's "Dushu Zaji", etc.). The sixty chapters that have been completed are the first half. When the third edition was published (1903), there was a preface, which briefly said, "I have also seen my husband and official. , enduring hunger and thirst, braving the cold and heat, walking away at dawn when he smells incense, and returning at dawn when he sees it, he does not know why he came here, and he does not know what he did to leave."

There may be catastrophes at the age of 19, and we will be grateful, and "everyone will be rescued and rescued, and the grace of rewards will be invited, but the so-called officials are the sunrise and there is no end."As for the imperial court's proposal to eliminate it, "the upper and lower sides are deceived, as before, and what's more, the fake hands are small, instructing private individuals, accommodating because of budding, explaining because of bribery: it is the evil that wants to get rid of the evil and turn to grow."So the officials searched, the people were poor, the people did not dare to speak, and the officials became more and more wanton, "The chief of the Nanting Pavilion has the banter of the East, and the comicalness of Chunyu, and he is familiar with the dirty and despicable essentials of the husband and officials, and the stupid and confused general purpose. ", "Love" preserves its loyalty with subtlety, and expounds its subtleties with heartyness,... After years of hard work and dedication, it has been written into a book, which is called.

...Everything that God Yu can't cast into a tripod, and what Wen Qiao can't candle with a rhinoceros, is all ready." Therefore, all the stories described are catered to, exploited, confused, dug, and squeezed, etc., as well as Scholars are enthusiastic about being an official, and the hidden feelings in the boudoir of the official. The clues are complicated, and the characters are reunited, and the record is always with one person, that is, it is with the other person. If it is interrupted or continued, it is slightly the same. There are a lot of things to say, but it is difficult to record them. There is no preface to the so-called "implicative and implication" of the truth, which is not enough to follow the example of the old man Wenmu. What's more, the collection is only "the story", and these are combined to form a book; officialdom tricks, this novel The differences and the sameness are combined into a long compilation, that is, the same. The current situation requires it, and it is quick to get it, so it suddenly became famous; and using the title of "present form" to describe other things, such as women in business circles and academic circles. Take the more than 800 words written by Nanting Tingchang as an example, and use the generalization of the remaining sons:

... But he said that Young Master Jia, ... See, it's time for the introduction, and he went to the Ministry to perform the ceremony the day before, and everything is annotated as usual, so there is no need to describe it in detail.That day, Young Master Jia got up in the middle of the night and went into the city by car... until eight o'clock, the officer who led the introduction brought him in. Several people in their group knelt down on the steps, about two feet away from the top, knowing that the one sitting on the top was "present day". ... He is a member of the Taoist class and a member of Mingbao, so there was an order on the same day, telling him to prepare to be summoned the next day. ...Although Young Master Jia is a child of a noble family, this is the first time he has met the emperor. Although he has consulted many people, he is still worried.At that time, after the introduction, I first saw Huazhong Hall.Hua Zhongtang received 10,000 silver from him as an antique, and he was very concerned when they met and asked questions.Later, Young Master Jia asked him, "I will see you tomorrow. My disciple's father is the incumbent director. The disciple has met with you. Do you want to meet or not?" , "Meeting more and talking less: that's the secret of being an official." Young Master Jia hurriedly distinguished, "The student is talking about the father who asked the student, so naturally he will meet; if you don't ask, you should meet or not?" Tang said, "Don't talk too much if the boss doesn't ask you; don't forget not to touch the place where you should meet, even if you shouldn't touch, if you kowtow too much, there will be no punishment." He was extremely confused, and he still wanted to ask, but Zhongtang had already got up to see off the guests.Master Jia had no choice but to come out, thinking that Huazhongtang was busy with things, so it would be inconvenient to bother him, why not go to Huang Dajunji,...or be willing to teach me a thing or two.Unexpectedly, after we met, Young Master Jia finished his speech. Master Huang first asked, "Have you seen Zhongtang? What did he say?" Telling you to meet more and talk less is an adult's opinion, which is not bad at all."

... Master Jia was helpless, so he had to go to Xu Dajun again.This Mr. Xu is old and hard of hearing, even if he sometimes hears a few words, he still pretends not to know.In his life, he paid much attention to the study of nourishing the mind, and he has two tricks: one is "don't be tempted" and the other is "don't worry about it". ...Later, his colleagues saw through his trick, and they gave him a nickname, "Liuli Dan". ... Today Young Master Jia... went to ask him for advice. After meeting him, he exchanged a few words and brought up this matter.Master Xu said, "It would be a good thing to meet more often.

Even if they don't meet each other, it's okay.When you still deserve to meet, you meet; When there is no need to touch, it is better not to touch. "Master Jia recounted the words of Hua and Huang again, and Xu Da said humanely, "Both of them said good things. It's best for you to act according to what the two of them said. "After talking for a long time, I still couldn't make any sense, so I had to back down again. Later, I found a small military aircraft who was also a good friend of his old man, and finally explained the Yi Zhu. The next day I summoned him, and there was nothing wrong. ... (Chapter 26)

I am Wu Woyao from Foshan, whose name is Yuren, and later changed to Jianren. I am also from Nanhai, Guangdong. I live in Foshan Town, so I call myself "I am from Foshan".Went to Shanghai in his twenties, and often wrote articles for daily newspapers, all of which were sketches; in the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu, Xinhui Liang Qichao[7] published "New Fiction" in Yokohama, Japan, one volume per month, and the following year (1903), Wo Yao Nai began to study it as a long novel, and sent it to him. There are several kinds in succession, called "Dianshu Qitan", "Nine Fate and Strange Injustice", [8] said, the name is getting more and more popular, and the last one is especially popular in the world. .Later, he visited Shandong and traveled to Japan, but he was not satisfied, so he finally returned to Shanghai; in thirty-two years, he was the chief writer of "Yueyue Novels" [9], and wrote "The Ashes of the Robbery", "The Secret of Getting Rich", and "Shanghai Tourist Records" [10]; He also wrote "New Stone Story" for "Guide Daily" (11).In another year, he presided over Guangzhi Primary School and devoted himself to academic affairs, so he did not do much.In the Xuantong era, twenty chapters of "Strange Status Quo in the Past Ten Years" [12] began, and he died suddenly in September of the second year, at the age of forty-five (1866-1910).There are two kinds of "Hate Sea" and "Hu Baoyu" [13], both of which were single-handed at first; and at the entrustment of a businessman, he wrote "Return My Soul" with three hundred gold to praise its medicine, [14] was quite dismissed for a while Discussion, but the text is not passed on (see "Xin'an Notebook" III, "Strange Status Quo in the Past Ten Years" preface, "My Foshan People's Notes" Wang Weifu preface).The short essays are not the director, but because of their heavy names, some people have compiled them into "Notes of the Foshan People", "Thirteen Kinds of People from Foshan" [15], "Four Kinds of Notes of My Foshan People", "Funny Talks of My Foshan People", "Notes of My Foshan People" Novels" [16] and so on.

This book was serialized in "New Fiction" [71], and it was discontinued later with "New Fiction". In the 33rd year of Guangxu, there were four volumes from A to D in separate editions, and in the first year of Xuantong, four volumes from Wu to Xin were published, with a total of 100 volumes. Eight times.The whole book takes the self-proclaimed "Nine Deaths" as a clue, and records the shocking things encountered, seen, and heard in the world in twenty years. It is assembled into a book, starting from childhood and ending without ending. , with the same.But the author has more experience, so the tribes described are also more grouped. Officials, teachers, scholars and businessmen are all recorded. In addition to collecting legends at that time, they also sell old works (such as "Zhong Kui's Legend of Catching Ghosts") as news.Ziyun "It's just because I have been in the world for twenty years, looking back, I have only encountered three kinds of things: the first is snakes, insects, rats and ants; the second is jackals, tigers and leopards; the third is ghosts and monsters." (Chapter 1) Based on the description in this book, we can know from the words and deeds of such characters.According to legend, Wu Woyao was strong and resolute, and he did not want to be inferior to others, so he died in a rough life, so his words are very emotional.It is a pity that the description of loss is exaggerated, sometimes it hurts the excess, and the words are contrary to the truth, so the touching power is weakened. In the end, it is just a series of "talking points", which is only enough for idlers to talk and laugh.He narrates the mistreatment of his ancestor Fu Mixuan, who lives with him in Beijing:

...In the evening, everyone had already rested, and I could faintly hear a commotion coming from the east courtyard as I lay on my pillow. ... Shouted for a while, then fell silent for a while, fell silent for a while, shouted for a while, although I couldn't hear what I said, I just felt that my ears were not clean, and I couldn't sleep well. ...I didn't fall asleep until the clock chimed three o'clock; when I woke up, it was already past nine o'clock.Get up quickly, get dressed, and walk out of the living room, only to see Wu Liangchen Li Zaizi and two apprentices, a cook, and two odd jobs, discussing together.I hurriedly asked what was the matter. ... Liangchen was about to speak, and said here, "Ask Wang San to speak, so we don't have to waste our time." Miscellaneous Wang San then said, "It's about Master Fu's house in the East Yard. I got up in the middle of the night last night to relieve myself. Hearing someone quarreling in the east courtyard,...he touched the backyard,...peeked in: it turned out that Master Fu and Mrs. Fu were sitting opposite each other on the top, and the old man who came to our house to beg for food was sitting on the bottom, and the couple were scolding. What about the old man. The old man lowered his head and cried, but kept silent. Mrs. Fu scolded the most strangely, saying, "A person should die when he lives to be fifty or sixty years old. I have never seen a person in his eighties." He’s still alive.” Master Fu said, “it’s all right to be alive. Whether it’s porridge or rice, you have to eat something and keep yourself safe. If you don’t like porridge today, you don’t like rice tomorrow. Do you know what to eat and drink? Good clothes, good clothes, you have to earn it yourself." The old man said, "I don't want good food and drink, I just want some pickles." Master Fu jumped up when he heard this, Said, "Today I want pickles, tomorrow I want bacon, the day after tomorrow I want chicken, goose, fish and duck, and after a while, there will be bird's nest and shark's fin. I am a poor official who has not filled the vacancy, and I can't afford it!" Said When they got there, they slapped the table and beat the bench and cursed... After scolding enough, the old lady brought food and wine, and put them on the one-legged round table in the middle.Master Fu and his wife sat and drank with each other, talking and laughing.The old man sat down, sobbing and crying.Master Fu had a drink or two and scolded a few words; Mrs. Fu just used the bones to tease the dog.The old man had a sad face and said something, Master Fu immediately became furious, lifted the one-legged table, and with a slapping sound, the things on the table were turned all over the floor, and he shouted, "Eat it!" 'The old man was too shameless, so he crawled under the ground to pick it up and eat it seriously.Master Fu stood up suddenly, lifted the stool he was sitting on, aimed at the old man and fell down.Fortunately, the old woman who was standing rushed over to catch it. Although she couldn't catch it, she blocked a lot of momentum.Although the stool still fell on the old man's head, it only broke his scalp.If it wasn't for that block, I'm afraid my brain would be knocked out. "After hearing these words, I was sweating profusely with fright, and I made up my own mind silently. When it was time to eat, I told Li Zaizi to find a house quickly, and we were going to move.... (Chapter 74) Among Wu Woyao's works, only "The Sea of ​​Hate", "The Ashes of the Robbery", and the interpreted version of "Dianshu Qitan" are all three. It is said that they are love novels. .As for the original purpose, it is based on brush and ink for a living, so as Zhou Guisheng ("Xin'an Notes" III) said, "Everyone has abnormalities because of people, places, and times", but the main point is "advocating the restoration of the old Morality" (see the comment on "Xin'an Translation Scraps") cloud. There are another twenty chapters, titled "Hongdu Bailiansheng", which is actually the work of Liu E [18], and there is a preface written by Guangxu Bingwu (1906) at sea in the autumn; It is the continuation of his son.Osprey Tieyun, a native of Dantu, Jiangsu, who lacked actuarial science and was able to study, but neglected Shengmo, then regretted it, closed his household for more than a year, and practiced medicine in Shanghai, then abandoned it and studied Jia, losing his resources .In the 14th year of Guangxu's reign, Zhengzhou was defeated by the river, and E served Wu Dacheng as a co-prefect [19].In the second year of his stay in Beijing, he wrote a letter to ask for the construction of the railway; he also advocated the opening of a mine in Shanxi.During the Gengzi Rebellion, the osprey bought Taiku millet at a low price and gave it to the Europeans, or used it to relieve hunger and poverty, and many of them survived. In the next few years, the government committed the crime of privately selling warehouse millet, and died in Xinjiang (approximately 1850-1910, see Luo Zhenyu's "Fifty Days of Dream Records" for details).His book is based on the parade of the old and disabled under the title of Tieying, and records his speeches, hearings, and narrations, which are sometimes impressive. The author's beliefs are also seen in the inside, and there are many attacks on officials.It is recorded that Gangbi mistakenly believed that Wei's father and daughter were felons who murdered a family of thirteen lives, and Wei's servants offered bribes to plead for forgiveness. What the speaker did not say, although the author is also very self-conscious, thinking that "corrupt officials are hateful, everyone knows it, clean officials are especially hateful, and many people don't know it. Corrupt officials know that they are sick and dare not openly do wrong; clean officials think they don't want money. Why not? Self-willed, small ones kill people, and big ones harm the country. We have seen it with our own eyes, but we don’t know how common it is. Try Xu Tong and Li Bingheng [20], it’s obvious. … Fiction has always been about exposing the evil of corrupt officials.There are those who expose the evil of upright officials, from the very beginning." ...The yamen servants brought the father and daughter of the Wei family to them, but they all looked half dead.The two knelt in the hall, and Gangbi took out the one thousand taels of silver note and the five thousand five hundred taels of proof from his arms, and asked the guards to show it to his father and daughter, who replied, "I don't understand, What's the reason for this?"...Gang Bi laughed loudly, "You don't know, you will know when I tell you. Yesterday a Hu Juren came to worship me and gave me a thousand taels of silver first, saying, In your case, let me try to get rid of it; I also said that if I get rid of it, I will be willing to ask for more money. … Let me tell you in detail, if you didn't murder people, why is your family willing to spend thousands of taels of silver to deal with them?This is the first evidence. ... If you didn't kill him, I told him, 'According to five hundred taels per life, it should be six thousand five hundred taels. ’ Your person in charge should say, ‘It’s really not my family’s fault. If Committee Member Meng acts as Zhaoxue on his behalf, seven thousand eight thousand taels is acceptable, but six thousand five hundred taels is not acceptable. 'Why did he settle accounts according to five hundred taels without any doubt?This is the second evidence.I advise you, you must confess sooner or later, lest you suffer from many instruments of torture. The father and daughter kowtowed repeatedly and said, "Master Qingtian."It is really unfair. "Gangbi slapped the table and said angrily, "If I enlighten you like this, you still don't recruit?"Clamp it up for me again! "The guard below agreed like a thunderbolt, "Hey! "...Just about to execute the sentence. Gangbi said again, "Wait a minute."Come up the executioner, and I tell you. ... I know all about your tricks.You see, the case is not important. If you get the money, the sentence will be lighter; the prisoner will not suffer much.You can see that the case is so serious that it cannot be reversed. When you get the money, you will tighten it up and put the prisoner to death in court, and let him have his whole body.I know all about it.Today, beat Jia Wei for me first, just don't beat him until he faints, but if he looks bad, the punishment will be relaxed, wait for him to regain his breath and then beat him again.Prepare for ten days, no matter what hero you are, I am not afraid that you will not recruit! "... (Chapter Sixteen) In the 33rd year of Guangxu, it was published in "Fiction Forest" [21], called "Historical Fiction", and signed "Initiated by those who love freedom, edited by a sick man in East Asia".According to legend, it was actually done by Zeng Pu, a Juren in Changshu [22] whose style name is Meng Pu.The first chapter is like a wedge, and there are sixty chapters in full view. Starting from the Yuan Dynasty, it is used as a clue to recount anecdotes and anecdotes during the thirty years of the Qing Dynasty; The compilation is ten volumes and only twenty chapters.Jin Zhen called Hong Jun of Wu County, tried the classics in Jiangxi, Ding You returned, passed through Shanghai, took the famous prostitute Fu Caiyun as his concubine, and later envoy Ying, took them all away, called his wife, there is a lot of talk.Bi Hong died in Beijing, Fu Fu went to Shanghai as a prostitute, called Cao Menglan, and then went to Tianjin, called Sai Jinhua, the Gengzi Rebellion was nicknamed by the commander of the coalition army, and the situation was very tense.The book Yu Hongfu is full of jokes, and describes the appearance of the dignitaries and celebrities at the time, which is also very vivid, and sometimes he repeats his words, which is a common problem in condemning novels; but the structure is skillful and the literary talent is outstanding.The characters in the book are almost all allusions; if the author is true to the legend, the person who changed his name to Li Chunke is actually his teacher Li Ciming (23) with the word "莼客" (see "Preface to the Collection of Parallel Essays of Yuemantang" written by Zeng Zhi), who has been close to him for a long time , the description should be close to the truth, but the description is too much, and it is unnatural.To quote as an example: ...But Xiaoyan said that Xiaoyan was in casual clothes and lightly drove, and asked the driver to come to Baoansi Street in the south of the city.At that time, the autumn air was high and the air was crisp, the dust was soft and the hoofs were light. After a while, it was at the door. Park the car in the shade of two big elm trees in front of the door.When the family wanted to report, Xiaoyan waved her hand and said "no need", and jumped out of the car lightly.Just as he was stepping into the door, he caught a glimpse of a newly pasted pair of pale red cinnabar paper on the door. It was written in a handsome and thin, slanted two lines, saying: 100,000 volumes of books in Baoansi Street Members of the household department make up for a thousand years Xiaoyan smiled.There is a shadow wall at the entrance; around the screen wall to the east, there are three inverted halls facing north; along the corridor of the inverted hall, there is an autumn leaf-style cave door; inside the cave door, there is a small courtyard squarely.In front of the court is a wisteria with dense green leaves, and hibiscus is planted all over the courtyard. It is red and delicate, and it is in bloom.There are three quiet rooms with Xiang curtains hanging down, and there is no sound.At that time, there was a breeze, and Xiaoyan felt a puff of medicine smoke coming out from the crack of the curtain, and the fragrance filled her nostrils.Lifting the curtain and going in, I saw a boy with vertebral knots, holding a broken cattail fan, cooking medicine by the east wall of the middle hall.Seeing Xiaoyan come in, she was about to stand up.I only heard Gao chanting in the room, "The words on the side of the lamp in light ink, and the small wind chimes are worn on the dreamer." Xiaoyan stepped in and smiled, "Who is the 'dreamer'?" , I saw Chun Ke wearing a half-worn, half-cut shirt and straw sandals. He was in good shape, stroking his short beard with one hand, and sitting on an old bamboo couch reading a book.Seeing Xiaoyan coming in, she quickly fell down with her body, panting on a broken book, and said in a trembling voice, "Oh, why is this little man here, the old man is sick and can't get up, what can I do?" Xiaoyan said, "Old man Chun is sick, when did he get up? How come brothers don't even know his shadow?" Chun Ke said, "It started on the day the princes decided to celebrate the old man's birthday. It can be seen that the old man is not well-off, so I can't take it as the princes' kindness. Yunwoyuan I'm afraid I won't be able to go today." Xiaoyan said, "Minor illness due to wind and cold, you should recover after taking the medicine. I hope you will drive quickly to comfort your longing." When Xiaoyan was speaking, she peeked away, and saw a long piece of paper dragged out from the bed beside the pillow, full of heads up.But it was strange to look up, it wasn't "Your Excellency", "Tai Duan", nor "Elder" or "Left and Right", one after another, all of them were the words "crazy people".Xiaoyan felt surprised, and wanted to pay attention to him for a while, when suddenly she heard two people outside Qiuye's door, talking all the way, and tiptoeing in all the way.At that time, Chun Ke was about to speak when he heard a slap on the bamboo curtain.It's exactly: Ten feet of red dust buries chivalrous bones, and a curtain of autumn colors nourishes the soul of poetry.I don't know who is coming, let's listen to the next chapter. (Chapter 19) There are also sequels by others ("Blood Curtain" and "Continuing Nie Haihua" [24], they are not called. In addition, there are still many people who write such novels by claiming to pick up the evils of society. There are too many.Those below even slander private enemies, which is tantamount to slandering books; or have the ambition to scold but have no talent for writing, and then degenerate into "shady novels" [25]. ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕The "Guide Daily" was founded in the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), and soon ceased publication. "Game News" was founded in the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897) and ceased publication in the 2nd year of Xuantong (1910). "Shanghai Prosperity News" is unknown. I don't know if it is "World Prosperity News" run by Li Boyuan.The newspaper was founded in the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901) and ceased publication in the second year of Xuantong. 〔2〕Forty chapters of "Gengzi Guobian Tanci", a long Tanci, exposed the crimes of the Eight-Power Allied Forces in aggression against China, but held a hostile attitude towards the Boxers. "Hai Tian Hong Xue Ji", 20 chapters, titled "Compiled by Erchun Layman", each chapter has a long commentary by Nan Tingting.Narrating the life of prostitutes in Shanghai exposed the darkness of society at that time. , not seen, mentioned in Zhou Guisheng's "Xin'an Notes". 〔3〕The full name of "Dream of Prosperity" is "Dream of Prosperity on the Sea", three episodes, one hundred chapters, titled "Ancient Shanghai Policemen, Dreams, Immortals and Ink", actually written by Sun Jiazhen. "Living Hell", Chapter 43.Li Baojia wrote up to thirty-nine chapters during his lifetime, and the rest were continued by Wu Woyao and Ouyang Juyuan.The book consists of fifteen stories of varying lengths. [4] Sixty chapters of "A Brief History of Civilization" describe the fatuous corruption of Qing court officials and advocate reform. "Xiuxiang Novel", edited by Li Baojia.The fiction periodical was founded in Shanghai in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903) and ceased publication in the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906). 〔5〕Sun Juxian (1841-1931), named Lian, was born in Tianjin.Peking Opera artist. 〔6〕 "Yoxiang Yinpu" Changzhou City Museum has "Yoxiangshi Yincun", Dugucan's "Li Boyuan Biography" at the beginning of the volume, it is said that Li "has the Taroxiang Yinpu".According to this, "Yoxiang Yinpu" or "Yoxiang Room Yincun". 〔7〕Liang Qichao (1873-1929) was born in Xinhui, Guangdong.In the 1898 year of Guangxu (1898), he and Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong initiated the reform reform, but fled to Japan after failing.He once advocated the "revolution in the poetry world" and "the revolution in the novel world". 〔8〕 "Dianshu Qitan" is called "Hypnotism", twenty-four chapters, written by Youfang Kikuchi, Japan, translated by Fang Qingzhou, and narrated by Wu Jianren.The content describes the love story between the daughter of an Indian chieftain and an English youth. "Nine Fate and Strange Injustice", thirty-six chapters, narrates the story of two landlords' superstitious feng shui leading to nine murders. 〔9〕"Yueyue Fiction" edited by Wu Yanren, Zhou Guisheng and others.It was first published in Shanghai in September 1906 and ceased publication in December 1908, with a total of 24 issues.In addition to novels, there are dramas, essays, miscellaneous works and so on. 〔10〕The sixteen chapters of "The Ashes of the Robbery" describe the joys and sorrows of a pair of gifted scholars and beautiful ladies. "The Secret of Getting Rich", also known as "The History of the Yellow Slave", in ten chapters, tells the story of a poor man who made his fortune by speculation in Hong Kong. "Shanghai Traveling Records", ten chapters, tells the story of a landlord's son who took refuge in the Revolutionary Party, in which there are many attacks on the Revolutionaries. 〔11〕The forty chapters of "The Story of the New Stone" take Beijing before and after the Gengzi Incident as the background, and use the name of Jia Baoyu to set up deeds, which have nothing to do with the original story. 〔12〕"Strange Status Quo in the Past Ten Years", also known as "Recent History of Sordid Society", 20 chapters, describing the dark social situation at that time, can be regarded as a sequel to the novel. 〔13〕The ten chapters of "The Sea of ​​Hate" describe the marriage tragedies of two young men and women with the Gengzi incident as the background. "Hu Baoyu", also known as "Thirty Years of Strange History of Shanghai Beili", the book is divided into eight chapters, describing the stories of the famous prostitute Hu Baoyu and others. [14] The original title of "Return My Soul" was an advertisement written by Wu Woyao for a pharmacy in 1910.One of the businessmen refers to Huang Chujiu, the owner of the Sino-French Pharmacy, and the medicine he swears by is Ai Luo's brain booster. (According to "Hankou Zhongxi Bao" on July 22, 1910) [15] There are seventy-two chapters in the "Notes of Juan", which include narration and rumors, as well as reading notes. "Thirteen Thirteen Kinds of People", namely "Guangxu Wannian", "Unreasonable Troublesome Journey to the West", "Long Live the Constitution", "The Soul of the Black Book", "The Story of the Righteous Thief", "Celebrating the Constitution", "The Great Reform", "Standing Up to the Clouds" ", "Quickly Promoted to Officials", "Checking Homework", "The Legend of Ghost Crying in Renjing Xueshe", "The Remaining Ink in the Remains" and "The Remaining Poems in the Remains".Both have been published in "Moon Moon Fiction".After the death of Wu Jianren, it was collected and published by others. 〔16〕 "Four Kinds of Notes from Foshan People", namely "Notes from Foshan People", compiled by Wang Weifu. It is collected in four kinds: "Shanghai Essays", "Xuan Continuation", "Thirty-Four Cases of Chinese Detectives" and "Shanghai Thirty Years of Beauty".The contents of the first two are basically the same as those in "Xiang Notes". "Funny Talk of My Foshan People" contains more than 170 jokes and so on. "My Foshan People's Notes and Novels", four volumes, fifty-three chapters, most of which are anecdotes. [17] "New Fiction" was founded in Yokohama by Liang Qichao in the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu (1902). It published two volumes, mainly novels, with poetry, opera, notes, etc. beside. 〔18〕Liu E (1857-1909) was once an official alternate magistrate, and later abandoned his official position to start a business.In addition, there are oracle bone inscriptions "Iron Cloud Hidden Turtle" and so on. 〔19〕Wu Dacheng (1835-1902), styled Qingqing and named Minzhai, was born in Wu County (now Jiangsu) in the Qing Dynasty, and was the governor of Hunan.He has written "Munzhai Poetry and Prose Collection", "Munzhai Jigulu" and so on. 〔20〕Xu Tong (1819-1900), styled Yinxuan, was a native of the Zhenglan Banner of the Han Army.Stubborn and conservative, opposed to reform and reform.Li Bingheng (1830-1900), courtesy name Jiantang, was born in Haicheng (now Liaoning).When the Eight-Power Allied Forces attacked Beijing, they were defeated and committed suicide. 〔21〕Fiction Forest, edited by Huang Moses.It was first published in Shanghai in January 1907 and ceased publication in September 1908. A total of twelve issues were published, mostly containing translated novels. 〔22〕Zeng Pu (1872-1935), courtesy name Meng Pu, pen name East Asia Sick Man, was born in Changshu, Jiangsu.Founded the novel forest bookstore. In addition to the novels written, there are "Lu men" and so on.The first six chapters were written by a lover of freedom (Jin Songcen) and revised by Zeng Pu. 〔23〕Li Ciming (1830-1894) was born in Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) with the style name Qibo and the name Shuke.He has written "Yuemantang Diary", "Baihua Jiangxi Pavilion Poetry Collection", "Hutang Linguan Parallel Style Notes", etc. [24] Regarding the sequel. "Blood Curtain", written by Bao Tianxiao.There is Guangxu Ding Weinian (1907) "Fiction Forest", which is not finished. "Continuing Nie Haihua", written by Lu Shier.The original title is "The Sequel to Nie Hai Hua", and the title in the book is "The Third Series of Nie Hai Hua".Later, he continued to write the fourth, fifth and sixth series, titled "Xin Nie Hai Hua".When Zeng Pu first wrote it, he planned 60 chapters, but only 20 chapters were completed in the first draft.This continuation is based on the chapters drawn up by Zeng Pu, starting from the twenty-first chapter and ending at the sixtieth chapter. 〔25〕"Shady Fiction" A novel that became popular after the "Shanghai Shady" column was launched in "Current Affairs" in October 1916. Representative works include "Drawing a Grand View of China's Shady" and so on.