Chapter 23 Chapter 21: Novels of City People in Song Dynasty in Ming Dynasty and Later Selected Works

Chapter 21: Novels of City People in Song Dynasty in Ming Dynasty and Later Selected Works The Song people's speech has the greatest influence on the later ones, such as telling history, and the works are published one after another, as mentioned in the fourteenth and fifth chapters.The speakers of the Ming Dynasty are also famous for telling historical events, and sometimes they also talk about classics and jokes, but there are very few novelists.But at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the novels of city people in the Song Dynasty revived, either keeping the old texts, or publishing new ones, and suddenly became popular in the world, but the old name was obscured, and they were no longer called city people's novels.

The richest of these books is the first ten volumes of "Full Image of Ancient and Modern Novels" [1], Shu Sitian Xuzhai told Baiyun, "Benzhai bought 120 kinds of romances of ancient and modern celebrities, and first used one of three. It is the first inscription", and the preface of the owner of the Lvtian Pavilion said that "the collection of ancient and modern popular novels by the wild historians of Maoyuan is very rich. At the request of the Jia people, all forty kinds of which can benefit Lier are selected for one moment", and Continue to be unknown.Already there are "three words", "three words" said, one said, two said, none of them have been seen today, only the preface is known.

"Mingyan" has twenty-four volumes, twenty-one of which are published in "Gujin Novels", and three of them are also found in "Tong Yan", [2] seems to be taken from the fragments of "Gujin Novels". "Tongyan" consists of forty volumes, with the preface of Yuzhang Wuyi layman of Apocalypse Jiazi (1624), and seven chapters of "Jingben Popular Novels" (see Shioya Wen's "Novel about Ming Dynasty "Three Words") And "Song and Ming Popular Novels Spread Table"), because of knowing these inscriptions, Gai also collected old books, not all imitations.Three or forty volumes, Tianqi Dingmao (1627) Longxi Keyi layman preface said, "In addition to the Six Classics and national history, all writings are aimed at novels, but advocating principles may be difficult, and editing words may be hurt. Yu Zao's painting is not enough to touch the inner ear and strengthen the perseverance, so it is written after "Ming Yan" and "Tong Yan". The "Fifteen Guan Joking Words into a Misfortune" is the "Wrong Cutting Cui Ning" in the fifteenth volume of "Jingben Popular Novels", so this also contains old works, as an example, it is the same as "Tongyan".

The preface of the old man Songchan said, "Mo Hanzhai added "Pingyao". Poor work has changed extremely, without losing its originality....The 'three words' of "Yueshi", "Awakening the World" and "Warning the World" are very imitative of the world and human feelings Zhiqi, prepared to write the joys and sorrows of separation and reunion." "Ping Yao Zhuan" has a preface of Zhang Wujiu, which says "Gai my friend Longzi still made up for it", the first leaf has a title, and it says "Mr. Feng Youlong added it", Because I know that "Three Words" was also written by Feng Youlong [3], and those who call it "Long Ziyou" are intricately written with the word "Yulong".Youlong's name is Menglong, and he is from Changzhou ("Qupin" is from Wuxian County, "Nantan Shihua" is from Changshu), so the owner of Lvtian Pavilion calls it Maoyuan Wild History. In Chongzhen, he was selected by Gongsheng as the county magistrate , there is "Qi Le Zhai Manuscript" in poetry, and "good words that are inspiring to beauty, but occasionally mixed with oily tunes, you cannot be a poet" (Zhu Yizun's "Ming Shi Zong" 71 cloud).However, he is good at lyrics and music, including "Legend of Two Heroes" [4], and engraved "Ten Types of Final Version of Mohanzhai Legend" [5], which was quite known at the time, among them "All things are enough", "Merry Dream", "New Guanyuan " are all written by myself; I am also addicted to novels, not only supplemented "Ping Yao Zhuan", recompiled "Three Words", but also tried to persuade Shen Defu to pay the bookstore with banknotes, but to no avail ("Ye Huo Bian" 25) .

Of the seven chapters recorded in "Jingben Popular Novels", the fifth is about current affairs of Emperor Gaozong, and the farthest one is Shenzong's time, so the eyes and ears are very close, so the narration is easy to be realistic.It is a change of example, mixed with the Han Dynasty II, the Sui and Tang Dynasties eleven, mostly based on Jin and Tang novels ("Xuqi Harmony", "Bo Yizhi", "Youyang Miscellaneous", "Sui Yilu", etc.), and ancient and modern customs , There have been many changes, and the function words are used to lose vitality.The eleven chapters on Song events are quite vivid, and it is suspected that "Cuozhan Cui Ning" may have been collected from the vernacular of Song people, but it is not clear.The fifteen chapters of Ming Shi are all written recently, and the state of the world does not need to be fictional, so it is better to talk about the achievements of the Han and Tang Dynasties.

The ninth volume "Chen Duoshou's life and death husband and wife", narrates that Zhu and Chen became relatives with their sons and daughters through chess friends. Chen's son became ill and became leprosy. Both the couple died of drug addiction.In the description of the engagement of the two and the complaints of the parents, there is no need for embellishment, but the mood is picturesque: ...Wang Sanlao and Zhu Shiyuan saw the elementary school student walking slowly, with a clear voice, and the order of bowing was very polite, and they praised him endlessly.Wang Sanlao asked, "How old is your son?" Chen Qing agreed, "It's nine years old." Time really flies like an arrow, trying to teach us not to grow old?" Zhu Shiyuan asked again, "The old man remembers that your wife was also born in this year." Zhu Shiyuan said, "Sure enough, the little girl is blessed, and she is now nine years old." Wang San said , "Don't blame the old man for talking too much. You two have been chess friends for a lifetime. Why don't you make your sons and daughters in-laws. In ancient times, there was a village of Zhuchen. There were only two surnames in the village. It was a marriage in the world. Now your two surnames are appropriate. But they match, it should be a natural fate. Besides, good men and good women, you know what I see, why not beautiful?" Zhu Shiyuan had already taken a fancy to the elementary school student, and before Chen Qing could speak, he agreed first, "This is the best, I'm afraid Brother Chen is unwilling, but if he is willing to bow down, I have nothing else to say." Chen Qing said, "Since Brother Zhu does not abandon his modesty, and the boy is a man, what excuses do you have? Please ask the three elders to attack." Wang Sanlao said, "Tomorrow will be On Double Ninth Day, Yangjiu is unfavorable; the next day will be a good day, and the old man will come to the door. Today, a word is made, out of the two hearts; the old man only wants to have a few glasses of wedding wine, and there is no need to thank the matchmaker." Chen Qing said, "Let me tell you something Listen to the joke: The Jade Emperor wanted to marry the Renhuang, and discussed, "Both parents are emperors, so we must have an emperor as a matchmaker." So he asked the Zaojun emperor to go to the lower realm to talk about marriage. The Renhuang met the Zaojun , Shocked, "Why is the matchmaker so dark?" Zao Jun said, "It's never been a matchmaker, so it's for nothing?" Wang Sanlao and Zhu Shiyuan both laughed.Zhu and Chen played chess again until late at night.

Just because of winning or losing a game, it is determined that a man and a woman will be destined for three lives. ………… ...Zhu Shiyuan's wife, Mrs. Liu, was crying at home when she heard that her son-in-law was suffering from such a disease.Complaining to her husband, she said, "My daughter doesn't stink. Why did she get married at the age of nine? How is she doing now? The toad is dead, and she has let go of my daughter. Now she is dead. Live or not, the girl will see how old she is, and she will not be able to marry and marry him, and she will not be able to rely on him.

In the end, if you don't want to watch that lame man stay alive and be a widow?It's all Wang San's old tortoise's all-out efforts, which killed my daughter for life. "...Zhu Shiyuan used to be afraid of his mother-in-law, so he scolded himself, didn't intervene, and wondered. One day, Mrs. Liu accidentally cleaned up the kitchen cabinet and saw the chessboard and the chess piece. Unconsciously, he became angry, and scolded her husband again, "You two are only doing it for these few chess moves, by the way, you have won my daughter.Why do you want to keep this trouble? "

One said, and the other went to the door, scattered the chess pieces in the street, and made a few pieces of the chessboard.Zhu Shiyuan is a man of duty, seeing his wife lose his temper, he couldn't stop him, and fled away. His daughter Duofu was shy, so it was not easy to persuade him.Let him chatter impatiently before giving up. ... From time to time, there are thirty-six volumes of "Pai An Surprise" [6], which are divided into one volume, covering Tang Six, Song Six, Yuan Fourth, and Ming Twenty. It also collects ancient things, which is the same as "Three Words".First, there is a preface from the master of Kongguan Temple, "Longziyou's compilation of "Yushi" and other words are quite elegant, follow good rules, and break the bad habits of today, such as the old ones of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, they have also been searched and exhausted. . . . .

Because of the miscellaneous things from ancient and modern times, you can hear them newly, and those who talk about humor, can perform them smoothly, and get them like dry scrolls. "Since there are thirty-nine volumes of "Two Moments", Fan Chunqiu 1, Song 14, Yuan 3, Ming 16, unknown (Ming?) 5, and a volume of "Song Gongming's Lantern Festival Zaju", Yu Chongzhen Renshen (1632) In the preface, it is said that "in the autumn of Dingmao... Occasional dramas are based on what has been heard in ancient and modern times, and one or two strange situations can be recorded, and they are acted out into stories... there are forty kinds. ...

It is the remaining material of Boliang, and the remaining bamboo of Wuchang. There are quite a lot of them. ..." Dingmao was the seventh year of the apocalypse, when it was published, it was published and it was a novelty. However, the narration was flat, and the citations were poor, and it was impossible. That is, the master of Kongguan was Ling Mochu [7], who was nicknamed Ling Yuchu [7]. At the beginning, the character was first formed, and he was born in Wucheng. He wrote "Yan Shiyi", "Shi Ni", "Guomen Ji", Zaju "Qiu Ran Weng" and so on ("Ming's Novel "Three Words"). The thirty-fourth volume of "Second Collection of West Lake" has a hundred rhymes of "Autumn Colors of West Lake", titled "Compiled by Wulin Jichuanzi Qingyuanfu".One chapter in each volume is also mixed with ancient and modern events, but it must be related to the West Lake.Looking at the title of the book, there should be a first collection, but I haven't seen it.There was a preface by Hu Haishi before, calling Qingyuan [8] Zhou Zi, and he tried to write "Xihu Shuo", but the rest is unknown.During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a Tai student Zhou Qing whose original character was Huanchu, but he was from Wujin ("Guozijian Zhi" eighty-two "He Zhenglu" 1); Twenty-three), but the times are not related, and they are all different.His book also cites this article with other things, and it is called "Introduction".There may be as many as three or four introductions, which are slightly different from other books; the writing is also fluent, but it likes to praise the emperor's virtue, teach lessons, and speaks a lot of anger. The reason for the preface is to clear the original language).Those who pretended to be the Tang poet Rong Yu[9] and used the hatred of literati for failing to achieve their ambitions are as follows: ...Let's say that an official under Han Gong's department, surnamed Rong and named Yu, is the governor of Western Zhejiang. This Rong Yu has Pan An's appearance, Zi Jian's talent, his writing is astonishing, he can say a thousand words, he is self-reliant and talented, his nature is extremely arrogant, he doesn't care about people.But it was a chaotic world at that time, martial arts were more important than literary skills, if you had hundreds of catties of strength... don't say you were proficient in every one of the eighteen martial arts, you just knew one or two of them... you must touch a gauze hat and wear it on your head wore. ... shouted before the horse, shouted and embraced, so majestic and imposing, showing off his power, how could he know the four characters of "Heaven and Earth Xuanhuang".That Rong Yu is conceited about his talent, but at this time of heavy martial arts, he doesn't know that he sells flat crowns and picks tiger thorns in the big market. Whoever comes to buy this kind of business will make others dislike you.You are conceited about your talent, but who are you going to scare?Even if he has written thousands of poems, he can't go into battle, kill, fight, retreat, suppress thieves, what use is he?Rong Yu took the bag of poems and had nowhere to sell it, but was taken by a prostitute.Who is this prostitute?His surname is Jin and his name is Feng. He is nineteen years old. He has unparalleled appearance, is good at singing and dancing, and has a leisurely personality.He was very happy to see Rong Yu's poem bag.Rong Yu had nowhere to sell, seeing that Jinfeng liked his poetry bag, he shook the bag open, like a grocery store owner, moving out pieces one by one.The two get along very well, you are greedy for my love, and you will never give up; from then on, Jinfeng will never accept guests.exactly: Don't be sad, let's be parted, and be happy, let's get acquainted with each other. From then on, Rong Yu traveled on the West Lake in his spare time for political affairs, and often had fun with the golden phoenix. ... (Volume 9, "Two Gifts from Dukes of Han and Jin") "Drunken Awakening Stone" [10] fifteen chapters, titled "Edited by Donglu Gukuangsheng".It is recorded that Li Weihua's tiger incident was in the Tang Dynasty, and I was familiar with the Ming Dynasty, and the Chongzhen Dynasty's affairs were also covered by his works at that time.The writing style is quite clear, but it is too concise, so the habit of plain speaking is often compelling; as for teaching and admonishment, it is more favorable than "West Lake Two Collections".Although the novels of city people in the Song Dynasty also refer to precepts and metaphors, the idea is to describe the affairs of the market for entertainment; As a nurse, only the form remains but the spirit is very different from Song Dynasty.For example, in the fourteenth chapter, it is recorded that Mo Weng in Huainan married Su Xiucai as a daughter. After a long time, the daughter thought Su was poor, so she asked to go, and then married as a wine housewife.However, Su Jilian Jiecheng Jinshi, before returning to the restaurant, saw a girl who was acting as a croupier, got off the sedan chair and bowed to her. . ...Seeing an upright and curvaceous woman sitting by the cabinet, it is none other than Mrs. Mo.When Su Jinshi saw it, he said, "I'll go see him and see how he treats me." He stopped the sedan chair, held an umbrella and wore official clothes, and went to the shop.The owner of the store was counting money in that room, wearing two pieces of clothes, when he saw an official coming, he hid.Seeing getting off the sedan chair, Mrs. Mo already recognized Su Jinshi, but he slapped his face neither ashamed nor annoyed.Su Jinshi stepped forward and bowed respectfully.He said, "You are your official, and I will sell my wine." He didn't move.Su Jinshi smiled and left. When the sun is covered with water and there is no harvest, when the wife is gone and there is no return, Meet but smile, and stand late. I don't think Mo's heart can be unmoved, but after doing this absolutely righteous thing, he was able to smile happily, greet each other happily, and get back together if he couldn't please; If you can't ask for pity and take it back, it's better to be tough, one bundle and two openings, but it's clean.In his heart, he regretted the mistakes he made at that time, and he was always helpless: I feel sad and sad in my heart, how many times I regret that it was the past, Moved the Linlang trees in the upper garden, but made them the peach and plum blossoms in front of the gate. At the end, there is a conclusion that "it was ridiculed in life and stigmatized in death" and "it is the next person after Zhu Maichen's wife".Forgive me for the introduction, the punishment seems to be under the "uneasy, poor and lowly" of men, but it is still unforgivable: If you talk about women, you read words and have little reason, so how can you have great insights and reserve?What's more, there may be hunger and cold, each other, embarrassing to watch and laugh at, relatives are too cold, can't catch a name on the list, can't get rid of a blue skin, can't arouse a husband who is used to drowning in hardships, and is miserable. Crying bitterly, how can I tell him not to complain.But "starving to death is a small matter of injustice, but a big thing", seeing this poor scholar is still alive, and even went to hug another person, isn't there no kindness every day?Intuitive killing contempt to ethics!This Zhu Maichen's wife made people laugh forever. "Yu Shi" and other three words were popular in Gai Shangtong in the early Qing Dynasty. Wang Shizhen ("Xiangzu Notes" X) said, "There is an article in "Yu Xianggong", which describes the event of Wang Anshi's dismissal and returning to Jinling. It is very satisfying, because of Lu Duoxun Relegation to the South of the Five Ridges is a little beneficial." [11] It is not known from different books.Later, it gradually became dark, but its subsections have been handed down from the anthology to the present.The book says that there are forty volumes and forty chapters, and the preface says that "San Yan" and "Surprised by Pai An" combined total 200 things.According to the "Song and Ming Popular Novels Spread Table", eighteen articles were taken from "Ancient and Modern Novels", and eleven articles were selected (1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 15th to 17th, 25th to 2nd). Eighteen chapters), seven chapters from "Surprise at the Table" (the ninth, tenth, eighteenth, twenty-ninth, thirty-seventh, thirty-ninth, forty chapters), three chapters in the second quarter.Three words and two shots, the printed version is quite difficult to read today, so you can get a glimpse of its general idea.When the book was completed, when it was in Chongzhen, the relationship between it and the era of Sanyan Erpai was set up by On Shiotani ("Ming's Novel "Sanyan") as follows: Apocalypse 1 Xinyou ancient and modern novels F Yushi Mingyan 4 Jiazi's warning to the world 5 6 7 Dingmao Awakens the World and Constantly Speaks Surprisingly (Beginning) Chongzhen 1 2 3 4 5 Surprised by Renshen's shooting (2) 17 Wonders of the past and present "Jin Gu Qi Wen" [13] has twenty-two volumes, and one volume is titled "Edited by the owner of the Dongbi Mountain House".There are quite a lot of miscellaneous records, including four articles ("Fifteen Guan Jokes Caused a Catastrophe", "Chen Duoshou's Life and Death Couple", "Zhang Shuer's Wisdom to Get Rid of Yang Sheng", "Liu Xiaoguan's Male and Female Brothers"), and another one It is "Meiyu Hate" [14] in "A Tale of West Lake", which I have not specified from [15].There is the word "fani" in the text, so it should be written in the Tongzhi period of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty. Thirty volumes of "Continuing the Wonders of the Present and Ancient Times", each volume has one topic, and there is no author's name.The book is a collection of the remaining twenty-nine chapters of "Surprised by Shooting Cases".However, the number of volumes in "Anecdote from the Past and the Past" ("Kang Youren Emphasizes Money and Emphasis on Justice") is not enough to be called an anthology. In the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), Ding Richang, governor of Jiangsu Province, strictly prohibited The novel of obscene words, "Surprise at the Case" is also banned. It is suspected that this book was written by Jia Yu after the ban. ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕Forty volumes of Holographic Novels of Ancient and Modern Times, edited by Ming Feng Menglong.There is no author in the original book, and there is a preface by the owner of Lvtian Pavilion at the front of the volume.The name of the owner of Lvtian Pavilion is unknown, and the "Maoyuan Unofficial History" mentioned in the preface is Feng Menglong's alias.This book was later changed to "San Yan" together with "San Yan". [2] The twenty-fourth volume of "Mingyan" was published in Yanqingtang, titled "Re-engraving and Supplementing Ancient and Modern Novels", which is actually based on the twenty-one fragments of "Ancient and Modern Novels", plus one ("False Immortals Raise Huaguang Temple") and two articles ("Bai Yuniang endured hardship and became a husband", "Zhang Tingxiu escaped to save his father"). 〔3〕Feng Youlong (1574-1646) was named Menglong, and he was not assigned to Long Ziyou, Gu Qusanren, the owner of Mohanzhai, Maoyuan Unofficial History, etc.Born in Changzhou (now Wu County, Jiangsu) in Ming Dynasty.The collection of poems "Qi Le Zhai Manuscript" has been lost. [4] "Legend of Two Heroes", also known as "The Picture of Good and Evil", compiled by Feng Menglong.It tells the story of Dan Xin and Liu Shuang who were murdered and imprisoned, and later served as the Japanese pirates and became the generals who conquered the East. 〔5〕The "Ten Kinds of Mohanzhai Legend" is also known as "Ten Kinds of New Songs", which was revised by Feng Menglong. The ten kinds are: "New Irrigation Garden", "Tavern Maid", "Female Husband", "Liang Jiang Ji", "Jingzhong Banner", "Two Heroes", "All Things Are Full", "Meng Lei Ji", "Scattering Snow Hall", "Chujiang Love".There are three kinds of "Wanshizu", "Fengliumeng" and "New Guanyuan" described below. "Wanshizu" was compiled by Feng Menglong, and "Xinguanyuan" was adapted from Zhang Fengyi's "Guanyuan Ji". In addition to the above ten kinds, "Merry Dream" was adapted from Tang Xianzu. 〔6〕 "Surprised by Pai Cases" is forty volumes according to the existing edition of Ming Shangyoutang.The thirty-six volumes are its fragments. 〔7〕For Ling Maochu, please refer to Note 〔29〕 on page 89 of this volume.The four volumes of "Yan Shi Yi" written by the predecessors are collected from the commentaries of the predecessors. "Shi Ni", four volumes, a work of interpretation. "Guomen Collection", one volume, contains poems and essays written by Ling Yuchu when he was living in Nanjing.The full name of the Zaju "Qiuran Weng" is "The Original Fuyu Kingdom". 〔8〕Qingyuan Zhou Ji, courtesy name Qingyuan, nicknamed Jichuanzi, was born in Wulin (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the Ming Dynasty. According to the preface of Hu Haishi in "West Lake Two Collections", "Zhou Zi's family is poor, and his fame is sluggish", and he is very frustrated. [9] Rong Yu was born in Jingnan (now Jiangling, Hubei) in the Tang Dynasty.Zeng Guan was the governor of Qianzhou, and he was demoted to the governor of Chenzhou during the reign of Emperor Suzong.Later generations compiled "Rong Yu's Poetry Collection". 〔10〕 "Drunken Awakening Stone" written by Ming Wuming, titled "Edited by Gu Kuangsheng of Donglu".Li Weihuahu, see the sixth chapter of "Drunk Awakening Stone" "Great talents lose their original form, loyalty and friendship are lonely and half salary". It was originally a legendary story in the Tang Dynasty. Volume 427 of "Taiping Guangji" quoted "Xuan Shi Zhi" and titled "Li Zheng". 〔11〕Wang Shizhen (1634-1711) styled Yishang, named Ruanting, Yuyangshanren, Qingqingcheng (now Huantai, Shandong).From the official to the Minister of the Ministry of punishment.He has written "Bi Jing Tang Ji" and so on.The "Xiangzu Notes" written in twelve volumes is a book for researching ancient events and criticizing poems.Lu Duoxun, a native of Hanoi (now Qinyang, Henan) in Huaizhou, Song Dynasty.When Taiping rejuvenated the country, he served as the Minister of Zhongshu, Ping Zhangshi, and added the Minister of the Ministry of War.Later, because he made friends with Zhao Tingmei, the king of Qin, he was exiled to Yazhou in Lingnan. [12] The "eighteen articles from "Ancient and Modern Novels"" mentioned here should be eight articles from "Ancient and Modern Novels" (third, fourth, eleventh to thirteenth, twenty-third, twenty-fourth, third Twelve chapters), ten chapters from those who took it (chapters 5, 6, 14, 19 to 22, 31, 33, and 35), and "Seven chapters from "Surprise"", Ying Zuo took the first eight chapters of "Surprise at the Table" (chapters 9, 10, 18, 29, 30, 37, 39, and 40), and three chapters from the second quarter of "Surprise at the Table" (Thirty-fourth, thirty-sixth, thirty-eighth chapters). 〔13〕The title of "Anecdotes from the Past and the Past" is "Edited by the owner of the Dongbi mountain house".There is a preface of "Wang Yinye Meifu, the owner of the Dongbi mountain house" in the 13th year of Guangxu (1887).Wang Yin, courtesy name Yemei, was born in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province in the Qing Dynasty. 〔14〕The full name of "West Lake Tales" is "West Lake Tales Ancient and Modern Relics", sixteen chapters, titled "Ancient Wu Mo Langzi Collection".With the scenic spot of West Lake as the background, the stories of Ge Hong, Bai Juyi and others are narrated. "Meiyu Hate" is the fourteenth chapter of "West Lake Tales", which narrates the story of Feng Xiaoqing. 〔15〕Except for the five articles of "Anecdotes from the Past and the Past" selected from "West Lake Story", the other 15 articles are selected from "Yumu Xingxin Bian" by Du Gang of Qing Dynasty; The Collection of Ji Zai compiled by Wumingshi ("Guoxu Zhi" written by Shuxi Yisou), and "The Complete Section of Lin Ruixiang's Powers and Measures" are selected from "The Words of the Cave" written by Wang Tao of the Qing Dynasty (Volume 7 "Ning Tiaoxiang"). [16] Ding Richang (1823-1882), styled Yusheng, was born in Fengshun (now part of Guangdong) in the Qing Dynasty. In 1868, when he was the governor of Jiangsu, he made two petitions to strictly prohibit obscenity and novels, and as many as 269 books were banned.