Chapter 14 The Twelfth Song Storybook

The Twelfth Song Storybook The literati of the Song Dynasty were anecdotal monsters, both plain and lacking in literature, and their legends relied more on the past and avoided recent news.However, in the market, there is no rise of art and literature.That is to say, writing books and telling stories in slang is called "Pinghua", which is what is called "vernacular novels" today. However, those who wrote books in vernacular did not start in Song Dynasty.During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the collection of scriptures in the Dunhuang Thousand Buddha Caves began to be revealed, and most of them were transported to Britain and France, and China also picked up the rest of the library in the Beijing Normal University;

The book was collected in the early Song Dynasty, and there are many Buddhist scriptures, but there are several kinds of stories in popular style in it. It covers the banknotes of the five dynasties in the late Tang Dynasty, such as "Tang Taizong Entering the Dark", "The Story of a Dutiful Son Dong Yong", and "Autumn Hu Novels" are in the London Museum. "The Story of Wu Members Entering Wu" was published by a certain family in China [1], but unfortunately I couldn't see it, so I don't know the relationship between it and the later novels.In terms of meaning, the prosperity of vulgar literature should come from two ends, one is to entertain the mind, and the other is to persuade good people, and especially to encourage good people, so the books listed above are mostly about punishment and persuasion, which are collected by the Jingshi Library , There are also popular scriptures such as "Vimo" and "Fahua" and "The Story of Shakya's Eight Aspects Enlightenment" and "The Story of Mulian Entering Hell" (2).

The beginning and end of "Tang Taizong's Entering the Dark" are queried, and only the middle remains. It is recorded that Taizong killed and built Yuanji, and the soul was investigated; The work of the Tang Dynasty is also written briefly as follows: ... The judge was vicious and dared not say his name.The emperor said, "Qing is here." Said lightly, "My surname is Cui, and my name is Ziyu." , Rong Chen entered to report to the judge to come quickly." After speaking, the visitor came to the hall to pay respects, "Speak to the judge: At the king's place, Taizong's soul has arrived, and the judge pushed for investigation. He saw it outside the door and did not dare to lead it." Hearing this, the judge stood up in surprise,...

In the Song Dynasty, there was a volume of "Nine Admonitions of Liang Gong" (in the "Shiliju Series"), and the text was as simple and crude as the previous record. Ninth, Empress Wu began to realize that she was called back and restored as the prince.At the beginning of the volume is Fan Zhongyan's "Tang Prime Minister Liang Gong's Inscription" [3], which was written when he was demoted to Panyang, so the book should have been published after the second year of Mingdao (1033). sixth remonstrance Zetian sleeps until the third watch, and has another dream. The dream is to play chess with Daluo Tiannv.How about your dream when you visit the court and visit the ministers in the future?Di Xiangzuo said, "It is inauspicious for the country to realize this dream.

Your Majesty dreams of playing chess with Da Luo Tiannv. There are pieces in the game, and they are defeated by the generals.Today, the prince of Luling was demoted to Fangzhou for thousands of miles. It means that there are sons in the bureau, but they will not be able to take the position, so I feel this dream.I would like to take the position of the East Palace, and quickly establish the king of Luling as the heir. If you think twice about Liwu, you will not be able to do so! " However, according to the existing popular novels of the Song Dynasty, it is slightly different from the masters who persuaded and punished in the late Tang Dynasty, but actually came from the "talking" in Zaju.The speaker said that he talked about shocking things from ancient to modern times, which also existed in the Tang Dynasty. Duan Chengshi's "Youyang Miscellaneous" ("Sequel" IV "Derogation of Mistakes") said, "At the end of Taihe, because of My younger brother watched miscellaneous plays on his birthday, and there is a novel by city people, calling Bian Que the word "褊鹏" with the upper voice..." Li Shangyin's "Jiaoer Poems" (collection 1)

Yiyun, "Sometimes make fun of Zhang Feihu, or laugh at Deng Aiqi." It seems that there were some people who told the story of the Three Kingdoms at that time, but it is not known.Bian, the capital of the Song Dynasty, had a lot of fun and entertainment, and there were miscellaneous tricks in the market, among which was "talking", and those who practiced it were called "talkers".The speaker is also an expert. Meng Yuanlao (4) ("Tokyo Menghualu" 5) tried to name it, saying novels, Hesheng, gossip, Sanfen, and "History of the Five Dynasties".After crossing to the south, this trend has not changed. According to Wu Zimu (5) ("Mengliang Lu" 20), there are four subjects as follows:

The speaker is called Tongue Discrimination. Although there are four families, each has its own family: Moreover, the name of the "novel" is "Yinzi'er", which is like the story of the legendary gongan of the smoke powder spirit monster who threw a knife and stick to his fortune and metamorphosis. ... Talking about ancient and modern times is like the flow of water. Those who "talk about the scriptures" refer to lectures on Buddhist books, and those who "talk about the invitation" refer to things such as meditation and Taoism for the host and guest. ... There are also those who "talk about jokes".

"Talking about history books" refers to talking about the rise and fall of wars in the "Tongjian" books, history, literature and biography of the Han and Tang dynasties. "Hesheng" is similar to "from the present to the present [6], each occupying one thing. Guan Yuan Naide Weng (7) ("Capital Ji Sheng") described the grand events in Lin'an, and also said that there are four schools of speech, namely novels, scriptures, references, history, and co-existence, and novels are divided into three categories. That is to say, "on the one hand, silver characters are like smoke powder and ghost legends; when talking about gongan, it is all about fighting fists, raising knives, chasing sticks, and getting rich and abnormal; when talking about iron cavalry, it is about scholars, horses, and golden drums."In the book of Zhou Mi ("Old Stories of Wulin" VI), the four subjects are slightly different. 3) At that time, the speakers not only guarded the number of families, but also had gatherings to hone their skills.

Although the matter of speaking, although the speaker uses his own ingenuity and happens at any time, there is still a foundation to rely on, which is called the "story book". "Mengliang Lu" (20) movie article said, "The story book is quite the same as the storyteller, and it is probably half true." And the novel tells the history of the article, "The person who writes the novel can tell the story once. The stories of a generation are kneaded in an instant." "Capital Ji Sheng" says the same thing, but "kneading" is just "breaking".It is the style of telling history, in which historical facts are mixed with empty words, and the style of novels is in telling a story and knowing the ending. The fragments of "Five Dynasties History Pinghua" and "Popular Novels" [9] preserved today are covered. The style of Erke Huaben and the like is just like this.

The "Newly Compiled History of the Five Dynasties" is one of the narrators of history, and what Meng Yuanlao called "talking about the history of the Five Dynasties" is almost the same.There are two volumes of his books in Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Zhou dynasties, each starting with poems, entering the main text, and ending with poems.However, "Liang Shiping Hua" began with the development, and briefly described the rise and fall of the past dynasties. The arguments are quite strange, and they are also mixed with false causal theories. Dragons and tigers fought for several springs and autumns, during the Five Dynasties Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Zhou Dynasties.

Guangdong has been judged since the beginning of the prehistoric period, and the fashion has begun. Fuxi draws gossip and the classics are born, and the Yellow Emperor hangs down his clothes to rule the world. ...At that time, all the princes had obeyed, but Chi You and Emperor Yan invaded the princes and refused to obey Wang Hua.The Yellow Emperor is the commander of the princes, mobilizing the troops,... Then Emperor Yan was killed, Chi You was captured alive, and the kingdoms were pacified.The Yellow Emperor was thinking of fighting, and he taught the world to learn how to use martial arts. ... Tang Fajie, King Wu defeated Zhou, all of them murdered the king with their ministers and usurped the world of Xia Yin.Tang Wubuhe did this. Later, the Zhou Dynasty declined and the feudal lords became stronger. During the two hundred and forty years of the Spring and Autumn Period, some ministers killed their kings, and some sons killed their fathers.In order to see that the three cardinal guides have fallen, and the nine laws have fallen, the sage of Confucius made a book called "Spring and Autumn" with a straight pen, praised others who were good, and punished others who were evil. Therefore, Mencius said that "Confucius wrote "Spring and Autumn" Rebellious officials and thieves are afraid."Only Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty was surnamed Liu Ziji. He took Qin Shihuang and did not have to usurp the world. The real thing is: Holding the three-foot Longquan sword in his hand, he seized the four hundred states of the Central Plains. Liu Ji killed Xiang Yu, and established the name of the country as Han, just because he was suspicious of heroes, such as the followers of Han Wang who believed in Peng Yue and Chen Xi, all of them would inevitably be exterminated and punished.The three heroes complained about their grievances and sued the Emperor of Heaven. The Emperor of Heaven pitifully saw the three heroes being killed innocently, so he ordered him to be three heroes for every three reincarnations: Han Xin went to Cao’s family to be a reincarnation as Cao Cao, and Peng Yue went to Sun’s family to reincarnate as a man. As Sun Quan, Chen Xi went to the clan's family to entrust his birth to be Liu Bei.These three divided his world,... Each of the Three Kingdoms has its own history, and the Tao is "Three Kingdoms". ... So from the Jin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, and even the chaos in Huangchao, the Zhu family established the country, and the next volume is now the palace, which must end when Liang died.The narration of the whole book is quite different from simple to complex. Most of the major events in history are not developed. When it comes to details, they are embellished. As a thief with Zhu Wen and others, the scene on the way when he commented on the horse of the robbery's family village is an example: ...Huang Chao said, "If you go to rob him, you don't need to do it. We have the Sangmen sword, which was given to Huang Chao by God. If we point the sword, we will see how strong he is, and he will not be able to resist him." Go, walk across a high mountain called Xuandao Peak, and walk for half a day on your own before you can go down the mountain.What a high mountain!It is: the corner of the root, the top of the sky, the old juniper blowing the sky, the tall and lonely pine invading the green, the pheasants fighting together, the Tianhe and the streams, the flying springs, the rain, the feet, the strange rocks and the clouds. Phase rolling.How can it be high? A woodcutter has been hunted down for several years, but so far he has not been hunted down to the end. The four Huang Chao brothers crossed the high mountain and saw the Houjiazhuang.What a villa!But see: stones provoke idle clouds, mountains connect to streams, weeping willows beside embankments, wind blows on stream bridges, idle flowers on roadsides, reflecting the sun and bushes covering wild crossings.The four brothers saw that the Zhuang She was not far away from the five-mile field, and it was mid-afternoon, and they went into the woods together, but they went to the gate of Nama's house in the evening. ... I don't know how many volumes "Jingben Popular Novels" are in, but there are volumes ten to sixteen, each volume is one article, called "Jade Guanyin", "Bodhisattva Man", "Ghost in a Cave in Xishan", and "Zhicheng Zhang" Supervisor", "Yu Xianggong", "Wrong Cut Cui Ning", "Feng Yumei's Reunion", etc., each of which has its own beginning and end, which can be completed in an instant, exactly the same as Wu Zimu's records.Most of the materials are from recent times, or from other theories. The main purpose is to entertain the mind, but mixed with punishment and persuasion.In the system, ninety-nine first use gossip or other things, and then combine them to enter the text.For example, "Nianyu Guanyin" wanted to narrate Xian'an County King Youchun, so he cited more than ten spring poems: The mountains are clear and cloudy, and the scenery is beautiful. The warm weather returns to the wilderness and the flat sands. The eastern suburbs gradually feel the flowers for the eyes, and the grass sprouts faintly in the south.There are willows on the embankment, no crows are hidden, Xunfang took advantage of the steps to go to the mountain house, the red plum trees on the Longtou are falling, and the red apricot branches are not in bloom. This song "Partridge Sky" talks about the scenery of Mengchun, but it turns out that it is not as good as Zhongchun Ci: ………… These three poems are not as good as when Wang Jinggong saw the petals of the flowers blowing down the ground. It turned out that the return of spring was ruined by the east wind.There is a poem: Sometimes the spring breeze is good, and sometimes the spring breeze is bad. If there is no spring breeze, the flowers will not bloom, and the flowers will be blown down by the wind. Su Dongpo Road, it is not the east wind that ruins the return of spring, but the spring rain that ruins the return of spring.There is a poem: Before the rain, I first saw stamens among the flowers, but after the rain, there were no flowers at the bottom of the leaves. Bees and butterflies went over the wall one after another, but they suspected that spring was in the neighbor's house. Qin Shaoyou said, he doesn't do anything about wind or rain, it's the willow catkins that drive away the spring.There is a poem: In March, the willow flowers scattered lightly, fluttering lightly to send the return of spring. This flower is originally a merciless thing, flying east and west. ………… Wang Yansou said, "I don't do wind, I don't do rain, I don't do catkins, I don't do butterflies, I don't do yellow warblers, I don't do cuckoos, I don't do swallows. The sun has passed the spring and returned.There was a poem: Complaints about the wind and the rain are both wrong, if the wind and rain do not come, spring will return, the blush on the cheeks fades, the green plums are small, the corners of the mouth are yellow, the milk disappears, and the swallows fly, The soul of Shu is crying and the shadows of the flowers are gone, Wu silkworms forcefully eat the thin mulberry trees, and they are annoyed that there is nowhere to find the spring return, and the rivers and lakes fail to live up to a coir raincoat. Why did the speaker say this Spring Return Ci?During the Shaoxing period, there was a man from Yan'an Prefecture, Yanzhou, Kansai. He was the county king of Xian'an, the Jiedu envoy of the three towns. This kind of introduction is slightly different from those who first narrate the creation of the world when they tell history. In addition to poetry, they also use facts, either similar or different, and mostly current events.Those who are different from the opposite to the positive, those who are similar are more superficial, and suddenly they are related to each other, and then transferred to the original story, so the narrative begins, and the idea is clear, which is what Weng called "breaking" and Wu Zimu's so-called "kneading". ", almost refers to this.For the first half of it, it is called "the first return of victory", the first return is like the previous return, and there are many soldiers and civilians who listen to the speaker, so it is called "victory" in an auspicious language, not because of entering the palace of lectures, but because of this name.As for the style of writing, it is quite similar to the trivial details in "Five Dynasties Shipinghua", but it is more detailed. "Ghosts in a Grotto in Xishan" describes Wu Xiucai as being lured by ghosts, and all he encountered was ghosts. The cover version of "Ghost Dong" [10] (4) "Fan Sheng" describes the twists and turns in detail, although Ming and Qing Romance is also unsurpassed, as it records the beginning of engagement: ... After the school opened, for more than a year, it was a crime, and people in the street would teach their children to it, which was quite a shame.That day I was teaching in the school, only to hear the bell ringing on the green cloth curtain, and a person came in.Professor Wu looked at the person who came in: it was not someone else, but the neighbor Wang Po who moved in ten years ago.It turned out that the woman was a "matchmaking mountain" who made a living exclusively as a matchmaker.Professor Wu bowed to each other and said, "I haven't seen you for a long time. Where does my mother-in-law live now?" The mother-in-law said, "It's just that the professor forgot about my old daughter-in-law, and now my old daughter-in-law lives in Qiantang Gate along the city." The professor asked, "My mother-in-law lived a long life. The old woman said, "The old daughter-in-law is seventy-five years old. How young is the professor?" The professor said, "The boy is twenty-two." The mother-in-law said, "The professor is only in his twenties, but he looks like someone over thirty. He spends so much time trying to teach the price every day; according to my daughter-in-law's humble opinion, it is necessary to be accompanied by a little lady." The professor said, "I also have a few The first time I asked someone, but I didn’t have such a brain.” The woman said, “This is ‘not that friends don’t get together’. The good instructors found out, but there is a good kiss here, with a thousand money for the house plan, and a marriage plan. , and a good talent, but he can play a musical instrument, he can write well, and he is from a high-ranking official family, so he only needs to marry a scholar. Does the professor want it?" After hearing this, the professor was overjoyed, and his face beamed with joy. Said, "If there is such a person, you can know it! But where is this little lady now?"... After the death of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Zaju disappeared, and the spoken language ceased to exist. However, there are quite a few surviving scripts, and later generations have seen them, thinking that they are books. The genus of Drunken Awakening Stone (11), and the genus of "Romance of the Kingdoms" (12) are common among history tellers, but the world gradually no longer knows the strict distinction between these two subjects, so they all use "novel" as a general name. ※ ※ ※ 〔1〕For "Tang Taizong's Entrance to the Underworld", see Volume 2 of "Dunhuang Bian Anthology" edited by Wang Chongmin and others. "The Biography of the Dutiful Son Dong Yong", see Volume 1 of "Dunhuang Bian Anthology", titled "Dong Yong Bian Essay". "Qiuhu Novels", see Volume 2 of "Dunhuang Bianwen Collection", titled "Qiuhu Bianwen", the extant ones are fragments. "The Story of Wu Yuan Entering Wu", see Volume 1 of "Dunhuang Bianwen Collection", titled "Wu Zixu Bianwen". 〔2〕The full name of "Vimalakirti" is "Vimalakirti Sutra Lectures", see Volume 5 of "Dunhuang Bianwen Collection", and there are six fragments in total. "Fahua", the full name is "Miaofa Lianhuajing", see Volume 5 of "Dunhuang Bianwen Collection", two of which are extant. "The Story of Sakyamuni's Eight Phases of Enlightenment", according to the four chapters of "Dunhuang Bianwen Collection", "Prince's Enlightenment Sutra", "Prince's Enlightenment", "Eight Phases", and Volume 7 "Eight Phases Yazuo Wen", all narrated The story of Sakyamuni's enlightenment, "The Story of Sakyamuni's Eight Aspects of Enlightenment" seems to refer to these four chapters. "The Story of Mulian Entering Hell", see Volume 6 of "Dunhuang Bianwen Collection", titled "Bianwen of Damuganlian Rescuing His Mother in the Underworld". [3] Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), courtesy name Xiwen, was born in Wu County (now Jiangsu) in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was once a political adviser.Author of "Fan Wenzheng Public Collection". "Tang Prime Minister Liang Gong Inscription", see "Fan Wenzheng Gong Collection" Volume 11.According to the appendix of the book "Fan Wenzhenggong Chronicle", Fan Zhongyan went to Runzhou from Poyang in the first year of Baoyuan (1038). " 〔4〕Meng Yuan, known as Youlan Jushi, was born in the Song Dynasty.The "Tokyo Menghualu" written in ten volumes was completed in the early Southern Song Dynasty.The content traces the city, neighborhood, age, customs and tricks of Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. 〔5〕Wu Zimu, a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the Southern Song Dynasty, his life is unknown.The "Meng Liang Lu" written in 20 volumes records the temples, palaces, customs, products and various operas in Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. 〔6〕From the present to the present According to the volume 20 of "Mengliang Lu", the original work is "From the order to the order". 〔7〕Naide Weng in Guanyuan Yizuo Naide Weng in Guanyuan, surnamed Zhao, was born in the Southern Song Dynasty.The "Capital Jisheng", one volume, is divided into 14 categories, such as market wells and tile houses, and describes the shops, garden buildings, and tile houses in the Lin'an neighborhood of the capital at that time. 〔8〕Zhou Mi (1232-1298) was styled Gongjin and named Caochuang.A native of Jinan in the Southern Song Dynasty, he lived in Wuxing, Zhejiang, and once served as the magistrate of Yiwu County."Old Stories of Wulin", written in ten volumes, was written after the death of the Song Dynasty. It describes the miscellaneous events in Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, among which there are quite detailed descriptions of folk arts and crafts. 〔9〕 "Five Dynasties History Pinghua" is "Newly Edited Five Dynasties History Pinghua", the whole book summarizes the history of the rise and fall of the Five Dynasties. "Popular Fiction", that is, "Popular Fiction in Beijing", a collection of stories, with nine remaining chapters.The postscript of Jiangdong old man (Miao Quansun) said: Among them, "the three monsters in Dingzhou once, they are too broken; Jin Zhuliang has two volumes of obscenity, which are too obscene; I dare not pass them on." Therefore, there are only seven chapters in the current edition. [10] "Ghost Dong" is also called "Ghost Dong Fox", five volumes.The author's surname is Shen, from Song Dynasty. 〔11〕For "Surprise by Shooting Tables" and "Drunken Awakening Stone", please refer to Chapter 21 of this book. 〔12〕For "The Romance of the Nations", please refer to the fifteenth chapter of this book. , see Chapter Fourteen of this book.