Chapter 3 1. If you have a broom at home, you can enjoy a thousand pieces of gold

Looking at the topic, there is a broom under the family, and I want to start with the property.Family property refers to what the ancestors left behind.Ancestors, specifically talking about large-scale and early ones, are often referred to as Yanhuang of the descendants of Yanhuang.Yanhuang has descendants, and the descendants are also ancestors to the descendants.The most worthwhile property left by the ancestors is to break the population of one billion.What is it worth?It's hard to say, because things change with time, and things change when things change. In the 1950s, there were many people and power, but in the 1980s, it became a big burden.In addition to the population, the wealth left by the ancestors is infinite. Some are worth boasting and can attract foreign exchange, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, Qin Emperor Terracotta Army, etc., and some are not worth boasting and cannot be exchanged for foreign exchange, such as history. , women bound feet and so on, the current poor, many kinds of machines are not as good as foreign countries.This is a complicated and difficult account.I had to narrow down the scope and approach this topic, focusing on language, or in other words, Chinese language, which is also a precious (? Because some people say it is not as good as Pinyin) heritage left by our ancestors.

Language and writing are tools for expression and expression, and in most cases, they are tools for exchanging affection.Speaking of the vast majority, because of a small number of cases, or very few cases, affection will "can only please oneself, and cannot be given to the king".The most obvious example is the diary. Except for a few people such as Li Yueman and Lu Xun, they are willing to spread out the small books for everyone to enjoy. One day they quarrel with their wife or husband, one day they want to eat prawns but have no money to buy them, etc. , is unique.The same is true of many poems and poems. Since Yiyue is the main thing, it is optional to keep it as a gift to the king, which will be discussed later.Or come back, general and expressive expression.I remember a wise man in the West said: "Language is the most stupid tool created by human beings." The reason can be explained by the ancients in China.This is one side, saying blame for everything, or hating iron but not steel.There is another aspect, which is "do not cover up the great virtues with a small one".May wish to prove it with two things.One is from Yanhuang or earlier, up to this moment, the Chinese-speaking people are a group, the individual, that is, the individual, the sum of the number is so large, it should make people jump, right?The vast majority of them (except deaf-mute, mentally insufficient, and child deaths) have used it as a tool for expressing their expressions, and they have not felt that it is inappropriate; from the perspective of language and writing, the task is not badly completed.Second, from the perspective of literature, our language and writing are really powerful, telling us so many old things, and the signs are clear; many of them have spirit in their shapes, and they are worth singing and sighing (the elegant ones are like descriptions) For the beauty's "eyes and heart tricks", see "Historical Records: The Biography of Huo Zhi", if the vulgar describes the beauty as "you are as beautiful as a flower, and the years are like water", see "The Peony Pavilion: Dreams", etc.) .All in all, we have to admit that among the many legacies left by our ancestors, language and writing must be one that is worth cherishing.

It is worth cherishing because it has great uses.The so-called "big" naturally includes the meaning of "many".One of the many manifestations is that it can change from real to virtual, from homely to homely, from material to spiritual.The practical, homely, and material side is easy to talk about.Hungry, go to the fish market, see carp, ask "how much is a catty", answer "five yuan", choose a slightly larger one, ask "how much", answer "two catties", give a ticket, deal, Fish is reality and matter, and buying and eating is a common thing, and it is all done with the help of language.The other end is less so. "Hehan is clear and shallow, how far apart is it? There is a gap between the water, and the pulse is silent." You can't pass through the kitchen and feast on it.This is neither materialistic nor homely. From the perspective of materialism, it does not seem to be an exaggeration to say that it is not necessary but dispensable.But another kind of conclusion may also be drawn from materialism: people, deeply pursuing the nature of their destiny, are always willing to be lazy, and they would rather make do if they have to do it?In this way, still in terms of language and writing, from humming a ditty inadvertently while walking, to writing a love letter carefully before sitting in a desk, it is not doing nothing.Well, there are so many people who take a break from their busy schedules, even with tears in their eyes, writing "You can't speak", "People are thinner than yellow flowers", and there are even more people who take a break from their busy schedules, not only reading, some are never tired of reading, Even lost some tears, of course, not doing nothing.why?This is a relatively large and deep issue, which will be discussed later.Let’s use Faith Without Signs here to say that there are some, or one kind, of our feelings, which are subtle and not homely, and they also need to be expressed, and they are not expressive, so we look for ways.Many people from different eras participated in this work, tried, changed, and changed, and gradually changed from coarse to refined, from vague to clear, from fluid to fixed, and finally became a form of expression (subdivision can also be said to be multiple)—— Poetry is such a form of expression. It is useful, not for greeting carp, but for expressing subtle feelings.

It is not necessary to use poetry to express subtle feelings.Pu Songling sits bored in a chat room, and writes about Qingfeng and Huangying. Although they are somewhat indirect, they are also expressing subtle feelings.Lu Xun's is more obvious, it is prose, although it can also be called prose poetry.In order to avoid entanglement, it is better to clean the door and use the dog skin plaster of a certain church. Regardless of whether there are other miraculous medicines to cure any disease, anyway, the dog skin plaster of this church is the only one, and there is no semicolon.Poetry became a stereotype in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and as a tool to express subtle feelings, it was the only one, and there was no semicolon.

This is only one family, at least in two aspects.One is that there is a slight affection, and if you ask it to help express it, it will really live up to the entrustment.Taking the most common thoughts and feelings as an example, expressing them in poetry can be straightforward, such as Du Fu's "Moon Night": Tonight, in the moon of Fuzhou, I can only (read the flat tone) to see (read the flat tone) alone in the boudoir.Pity the little children from afar, but don't remember Chang'an.The fragrant mist and the cloud are wet (reading the tone), and the clear brilliance and jade arms are cold.When to lean on the false cover, and dry the tears with double photos.

It can also be composed, such as Li Shangyin's: To come is empty words to never (read the tone) track, the moon is tilted upstairs at five o'clock.The dream is a farewell (reading melodious tone) and it is difficult to call out, and the book is urged to ink.The wax shines on the golden jade in half a cage, and the musk deer smokes slightly embroidered hibiscus.Liu Lang already hated Pengshan far away, and Pengshan was 10,000 times away. It can be expressed directly in words, such as Wen Tingyun's "Recalling Jiangnan": After washing and washing, I lean on the Wangjiang tower alone.It's not a thousand sails to pass by, and the slanting light is flowing slowly.Heartbroken white (read bo) Pingzhou.

It can also be composed, such as He Zhu's "Sapphire Case": Ling Bo didn't pass Hengtang Road, but he watched Fang Chen go.Who will save Jinse's youth?The flower pavilions on the platform and the vermilion households with small windows are only known in spring.Bi Yun Ran Ran Heng Gao Mu, Caibi new title heartbroken sentence.May I ask how much leisure and worry there is, a river of tobacco, a city full of wind and rain, plums and yellow rain. This kind of affection is not small, but it is difficult to grasp. It can almost be said that "the people are incompetent".The skill of poetry lies in being able to grasp affection; not only grasp it, but also deepen it ("The spring silkworms will die when the silkworms die, and the wax torch will turn into ashes and tears will dry" and so on), clarify (or visualize, "Green Yang Yanwai Xiaohan is light, and the red apricot branches are full of spring" and so on), immobilized (written in words, affection is like a bird in a cage, it cannot fly away).That's why, from the perspective of the author, it can be said quickly, and it can also attract tears of sympathy or laughter from countless people of the same generation and different generations; from the perspective of the reader, it can use other people's wine glasses to pour their own block.This is a subtle feeling, and it is possible because of the expression form of poetry.

Another aspect of this family is that it is difficult (or even impossible) to be replaced by other expressions.This is more difficult to say, I want to talk about two situations from the shallower to the deeper. One situation is that poetry has a strong expressive ability of a special nature, which other forms of expression do not have, or at least cannot match. (Qu is a direct descendant of poetry, and its nature is the same as poetry; this book does not discuss it, mainly because, as a tool for expressing affection, it was rarely used in the past, but it is not used now.) This is mainly manifested in three aspects.One is "sophistication", that is, small capital can make big business.Look at the following example:

The old country (read the tone) is three thousand miles away, and the palace is twenty (read the tone) years.With a cry of He Manzi, tears fell in front of the king. (Zhang Hu's "He Manzi") The luminous cup of grape wine, if you want to drink the pipa, immediately urge it.Zuiwo on the battlefield (read in flat voice) Lord Grim, how many people fought in ancient times? (Wang Han's "Liangzhou Song") On the night of last year's Yuan, the lights of the flower market were as bright as the day, and the willows were on the top of the moon, and people made an appointment (read the tone) after dusk.On the night of the Yuan Dynasty this year, the moon and the lamp were still there, but no one from last year was seen, and the sleeves of the spring shirt were wet with tears. (Zhu Shuzhen's "Birth of Chazi")

When is the spring flower and autumn moon, how much do you know about the past.The small building was windy again last night, and the old country (reading the tone) can't bear to look back in the moonlight.The carved lanyard and jade brickwork should still be there, but the red face has changed.Asking how much you can worry, it's like a river of spring water flowing eastward. (Li Yu's "Poppy") The above two poems and two poems contain both epic feelings and epic things, so they should be said to be good themes for novels and dramas.However, if it is expressed in the form of novels or dramas, the volume will exceed ten thousand words.And with poetry, such as the longest "Poppy", only more than 50 words are just right.

Second, "Poetry is a wonderful hand to express subtle feelings."Some of the subtle feelings are not suitable for opening the window to speak out, but if you want to express it, it is best to turn to poetry.Because poetry has a kind of ability, it is written and fixed on the paper, which makes people's eyes dazzle, and sometimes it seems to see the lungs and liver, and sometimes it is blurred;See the example below: The east wind drizzles, and there is light thunder outside Furong Pond.The golden toad gnaws the lock and burns incense, and the jade tiger draws the silk and draws the well back.Jia's peeping curtain Han Yu is few, and Concubine Mi stays as a pillow for Wei Wangcai.In the heart of spring, there will be no flowers competing for hair (reading in the tone), every inch of lovesickness and every inch of gray. (Li Shangyin) The next year, Fangxin wants to share the same quilt with Yuanxi (reading the tone).Wait until (read the oblique tone) to return to Xiaohanshi (read the oblique tone).Desperate duck head boat back, peach leaves Jiangkong, Duan pity (read zheng tone), missed the seventh day of the orchid period (read zheng tone).It is easy to find priceless treasures, only beautiful women, and it is hard to find again in a peerless city (reading in the tone).The fruit of fate is born, the small characters are close to the title, recognize the points, the tears have been wet (read in flat tone).Strange ten things, quite old Zeng Yi, only a private letter, and no news (reading tone). (Zhu Yizun's "Song of the Cave Immortal") The two capitals write about thoughts, or thoughts that are elusive.There is something to do with love, or something to say.People old and new who are interested in searching for secrets are probably willing to know the skills, and they may as well make bold assumptions.I remember that Ms. Su Xuelin wrote a book many years ago called "Li Yishan's Love Story", saying that this person who was good at writing untitled poems loved a female Taoist priest.As for Zhu Yizun, his love is his aunt (wife's sister), as evidenced by two hundred rhyme poems.Unfortunately, China's etiquette and customs allow marriage, concubines, and prostitution but not love, and it is said that only what you can't get is the most precious, so you want to ask for it, toss and turn, and want to mourn and complain.However, according to etiquette and customs, this situation, especially the matter, is difficult to explain clearly.Finding a way out of the dilemma, and it is the most ideal and economical way, is to use poetry, as in the above two poems. as if. The third is to use the monosyllable and tonal characteristics of Chinese characters to obtain pleasant "musicality", which is rarely the case with other forms of expression.This is also manifested in more than one way.One is to rhyme to show the back and forth, such as "the Yellow River is far above the white (read bo) clouds, an isolated city Wanren Mountain. Qiang flute (read the flat tone) why blame the willows, the spring breeze does not pass the Yumen Pass", the rhyme of Jian, Shan and Guan, like It is going back and forth, and it sounds compact and fluent.The second is to adjust the tone to show the ups and downs. For example, "the country (reading the tone) is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation." Not rigid.The third is to use duality to show the beauty of opening and closing symmetry.Fourth, it involves sentiment or charm, which is more complicated and subtle, and can also be briefly illustrated.One example is that the length of sentences has an effect, such as poetry, five words are soothing, seven words are high-pitched, which can be detected as soon as you read it.The second example is that the tone of the tone has an effect, such as the words, "People on the embankment are chasing boats, and the spring water hangs down on the embankment. The green poplar building goes out (reading the tone) on a swing" with a flat tone rhyme, and the sentiment is cheerful; (Read the oblique tone). Nianyue Pavilion joins hands, Luqiao hears the flute (read the oblique tone). Contemplating the past, it seems like in a dream, tears dripping darkly (read the oblique tone) "Using the oblique rhyme, the mood is sad.The third example is that the difference in rhyme has an effect, just like the ending of Niu Qiao's "Bodhisattva Man", "Where is Liaoyang? Jinping's spring and day are long" uses Qiyang rhyme, and the mood is still cheerful; "Ask Lang when he will return" uses five micro-rhymes, and the mood becomes melancholy. Another situation that is difficult to replace with other forms of expression is that the outer skin of the language (sound, shape, and inner meaning) is aggressive, and even developed into an exclusive one; if it is monopolized, it is difficult for external forces to occupy the magpie's nest and remain unchanged. The voice of the magpie is especially beautiful.To take the most obvious example, mother and mother, lexicologists or commentators must think that the meanings are exactly the same, but in fact they are not, because generally, if you call mother in person, if you use mother instead, the meaning of kindness will be reduced.If the meaning has changed, should it be counted in the general ledger of meaning?The problem is not simple, and should be studied and solved by semanticists.In the same way, nowadays many juniors express themselves too well, and they are used to saying "it's not curable". If you let him be elegant and say "that's great", he won't accept it, because he doesn't think it's tasteful enough. This is "too good". The meaning has been taken away, and "No cure" has a monopoly.The same is true for poetry, which has the exclusive right to become a fixed form of expression.For example, Zhang Jiuling's "Watching the Moon and Huaiyuan" "A bright moon rises on the sea, and we share this moment at the end of the world" and Xie Zhuang's "Moon Fu" "Share the bright moon across thousands of miles". Not exactly the same, Zhang Shi is more emotional, Xie Fu is more yearning.Another example is "The Book of Songs·Qin Feng·Jianjia": "The so-called Yi people are on the side of the water. If you follow it back, the road is obstructed and long. If you travel back to it, you will be in the middle of the water." Xin Qiji's "Sapphire Case": "In the crowd Searching for him thousands of times, suddenly looking back, the man is there, in a dimly lit place." The content seems to be the same, but the feelings are still different, the former is calm and the latter is eager.Differences have their own characteristics and are difficult to replace.In this way, poetry, as a single poem, has the exclusiveness of expressing emotion; when expanded, it becomes a form of expression, or in other words, it also has exclusiveness (such as poetry tends to be majestic, words tend to be soft, like Each has its own division), so it cannot be replaced by other expressions. Can't leave if you can't replace it?Yuyun, you can hang yourself without the crooked neck tree, this is a consideration.But there can also be another consideration, the sex is similar, we will not be without the kind of subtle affection expressed in poetry by the ancients, then, if there is a suitable old jar at hand, why not use it to hold new wine? ——The fact is that it has been used, and the evidence is that there are quite a few old and not old people who are still writing mediocre books, and quite a few young people are willing to spend money on mediocre books, such as "Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty" "Song", "Selected Words of Famous Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties" and so on.It can be seen that poetry, as a tool for expression and expression, has not been thrown into the trash.But when it comes to using it, there is still a difference in degree, it is best to use it big and not use it lightly.In my opinion, great use includes three elements.The first is to clearly understand the achievements or performances of poetry, which started from Anonymous's "Guan Guan Suijiu, in the river continent. My fair maiden, a gentleman likes a house" (not counted after the Qing Dynasty) ) Wang Guowei's "How much hatred in my dream last night, a fine horse and a fragrant car, two (vehicles) and two lines are similar", it expresses the love and hatred for countless foolish men and women, and it expresses it very well.The second is to read, borrow someone else's wine glass to pour your own block, and you must know the details of the wine glass, that is, the shape and spirit of the poems, as well as the length and length of individual poems, and be able to get into it and benefit from it.The third is to go further, it is best that you can use this tool to express your affection.This further has further advantages. On the one hand, if you have affection and tools for expression, you will not have depression and regret; benefited from.In short, according to the title of this article, we should regard poetry as a kind of precious property left to us by our ancestors and make good use of it; It is (use it and benefit from it) a thousand gold (it is as valuable as a thousand gold).