Chapter 8 Chapter 3.3

Miss public relations, social secretaries, mediocre officials, direct sales employees, and all professionally unpromising people spend 85% of their time and energy on interpersonal relationships. Everyone should have the ability to try their best not to be annoying to others at school, at work, and in the community.In my opinion, no one needs to try to be liked by others, it is enough not to be disliked by others. It is impossible and unnecessary for a person to change himself according to other people's likes and dislikes every day, and he has to do many other things well.Therefore, it is enough to achieve the minimum level of self-cultivation.Because the purpose, meaning and value of most of us are not to be a gentleman, but to avoid being a villain first.

I am not advocating that young people develop any "communicative" skills.When you are young, you don't need to spend your time and energy in the right place. What kind of "occasion" are you "communicating" with?It is certainly less to have a confidant in life.If you get a "group", you are no longer a confidant, but a "Brotherhood".Three or five bosom friends can also. I only know that there is a kind of friendship in the world that is as old as wine - I cherish this kind of friendship.My principle for this kind of friendship is-never use it to impose your own difficulties on others.

In commercialized interpersonal relationships, people can still retain some "autonomy".You don't want to be that way to people, you don't have to be that way.You don't want people to bother you like that, you can avoid people like that. The commercial age cannot impose its utilitarian purpose on anyone. If you take a closer look, the so-called commercialization of interpersonal relationships is all voluntary. In the political era, people do not have the slightest "autonomy".The imposition of politics on people is irresistible.Everyone can't ignore it.You don't want to do that to people, you've violated politics.There are also political demands as legitimate reasons for others to treat you like that.

In the commercial age, people have at least one kind of freedom—the freedom of self-isolation. I locked myself in a cage like a monkey, and looked at the outside world with cold eyes, whether wonderful or helpless. In the political age, everyone without exception is a monkey locked in a cage by politics.There is only politics in the cage.Politics is regulated most strictly outside the cage. It is better to be caged yourself (if one really can't stand the business age) than to be caged by someone else. Mutual use seems to be more in line with positive human nature than mutual harm...

Almost all mainland Chinese who have gone abroad in recent years have knowledge and expertise, and their individual qualities are quite high.Therefore, abandoning the sense of standing on the ground of collective survival, and pursuing the only opportunity to achieve personal goals.From the positive point of view, the competitiveness of individual Chinese abroad is generally stronger, showing a kind of dragon and tiger spirit of individual Chinese people; His monkey-like bad looks... How precious was the kind of mutual understanding and mutual anger among the people at the bottom of China! But this kind of relationship seems to have changed in quality because their "second brother" became a novel writer.I guess that the arrival of the big and small must be like the arrival of the second small, there must be something difficult to ask for.And estimated what may be the matter.

Maybe, just because there are difficult things to ask for, both big and small, are they just as cautious in front of me?At the same time, I thought that apart from saying some sympathetic words, I would definitely not be able to help.And this is the reason why I feel a little uncomfortable in my heart. When the number of laid-off and unemployed workers is increasing day by day, as a novel writer, how can I hope that a sincere letter will really play a role?At that time, it was just deceiving myself and taking away some "bubble hope" from Erxiao.It's like bringing a wad of counterfeit money to a market-goer.

Real life convinced them of an irrefutable logic, that is, as long as some officials were willing to save face, all the difficulties of ordinary people would be easily solved. Big and small, they were children of poor families since they were young.In his forties, he already has his own small family, but the quality of life of that small family fluctuates almost every day on the poverty line of China's level, and almost every day there are huge families who sink below the poverty line. possible.Psychology and ideology are under the oppression of that huge possibility almost every day.One has yet to have a small home of its own.Not even a basic shelter, a bed of his own.And there is no stable job, no stable income.Moreover, from the future of his own destiny, there is no dawn of hope for the time being.Like a lonely soul in this city that everyone turns a blind eye to.The city itself, however, is changing with each passing day.Some other people are feasting, singing and dancing, chasing extravagance, and spending a lot of money—you can hardly deny that they will also be strongly tempted.But they don't steal, don't rob, don't want to simply become drunkards and gamblers, and don't want to degenerate into villains.He doesn't seem to have a deep hatred for society and the times.There seems to be an innate resistance to corruption and sin in their souls that will not be lost at any time and under any circumstances.In this kind of resistance process, they sometimes behave as tenaciously as soldiers!Their hope is manifested in their tenacity against corruption and crime.

One fact is that from the 1980s to the present, we cannot cite any famous domestic product brands as the credit of any star.And another fact is that we can hardly name any few private entrepreneurs who spend millions of dollars and hire some celebrities to advertise.Private individuals, their own money too.Anyone can figure out whether their own money is worth a few million in a toss.The third fact is that it is precisely the "bosses" of certain state-owned enterprises who are extremely generous and generous.Competing to invite celebrities to advertise at high prices is also full of energy.

The National Institute of Economic Information of the United States conducted an experiment in 1992, and arranged for a star, an ordinary person and a monkey to make a product advertisement at the same time, and the results showed that the monkey got the most votes, surpassing the star double.Second is ordinary people.The third is the star. Ordinarily, most state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises in China are struggling in economic difficulties.If the economic benefits are good, even if you are unable to help the industry, you can always set a good example for the industry, right?But we have also seen deeply worrying bad tendencies just from the awareness and behavior of advertisements.The phenomena of donating villas, sending cars, and throwing millions at nothing really seems to be a "Great Leap Forward" of "comparing, learning, catching up, and surpassing"!

It doesn't matter whether it's a monkey, a star, an ordinary person, or a computer—whoever is novel, who is honest, who has a good idea, and whoever explains and introduces products clearly, we will trust him. Otherwise, I'd rather be influenced by monkey advertising. At that time, I couldn't understand that what the "reform and opening up" would eventually call was a commercial era.I don't think many of my contemporaries understood either.In fact, what we were calling for was not the future, but the past.It is a fragment of the short Chinese dream before the "anti-rightist movement" after the founding of the People's Republic of China.It leaves a utopian gleam in our minds.

I finally understood the truth - when the times announce a change, the vast majority of people can only change along with it.If the times change but remain the same, then one must have extremely strong capital and extraordinary qualifications.If you're trying to stay out of the commercial age, you've got to have an heirloom enough to support you and your family.Therefore, the way you consume your ancestral property must also be the way of the commercial age.Your consumption tendency will also be influenced by the commercial age.If you have to follow the rules of the commercial age to find a job and earn a salary, no matter how violently you resist it ideologically, you have actually succumbed to it. Throughout the world, non-commercial art and literature are rare.I don't want to declare that I must join Fengmao Tianjiao.Because I can't do it, and because I don't think that as long as it has a commercial color, art is no longer art, and literature is no longer literature.Those who are as noble as Zheng Banqiao also set a price for their own paintings.It is also because I have come to realize that a novelist in the commercial era, relying on manuscripts to cover his family's financial responsibilities, and can continue to create relatively seriously for a long time, is a very "honest labor".Compared with this, you have to reach out to the country to ask for money, and if you can't ask for it, you will be full of complaints and resentment. It is indeed a characteristic of commercial society that money governs the destinies of many people in many aspects of society.It's so disgusting at times.But when you think about it, it is not necessarily more unbearable than politics dominating the fate of many people in many aspects of society.The politicization of the whole people is vulgar politics, and the commercialization of the whole people is precisely the sign of a mature commercial era. Reform is not only an act of man to transform the times, but also a measure of the times to transform people.Regarding the prophecy of the times, people are actually only divided into four categories—those who promote it, those who conform to it, those who resist it, or those who are abandoned by it.It is driven not only by Prometheus, but also by the "Merchants of Venice"—they are the two rows of wheels of the giant vehicle of the times.Times are not, never were monorails... It is the hero who ends the old days.Those who resist the new era are madmen.In between are the idealists.The age spawns heroes and madmen in equal numbers.And the Rationalists never outnumbered the first two combined... Those who are abandoned by the times are often those who have completely pawned themselves to yesterday and completely lost their desire to redeem themselves.The age abandons them like a traveler throws away his worn-out shoes without hesitation... On the contrary, no age can ever get rid of those who know how to make the most of it - even if they are extremely greedy people.No matter how frequently the middle layer is shaken, it can't drive away the blood-eating gadflies that try to bite it... Reform is not a group spring outing or sightseeing, and the fun in the process must be less than impetuous. "Official" work - the most typical Chinese words.In those days, a Chinese who did not have a "formal" job, no matter how smart his brain was and how healthy his body was, did not seem to be a person with at least complete qualifications as a human being.Almost no pair of Chinese parents willingly agrees to their daughter marrying a man who does not have a formal job.One of the conditions for today's girls to choose a mate is to be over 1.7 meters tall.Men under 1.7 meters are said to be called semi-disabled by them.Back then, a man who didn't have a "formal" job was equivalent to a semi-disabled man.It's not just half-crippled! China's experience in taxonomy back then was enough to be proud of the world.Our ancestors once said, "Three hundred and sixty lines, every line of work will lead to the number one scholar".Compatriots since the founding of the People's Republic of China have found that they are not faced with so many alternative occupations.Even shrunk ten times—there are more than enough words and thirty-six deeds.Primary school teachers, without exception, explain in class—"Three hundred and sixty lines is an exaggerated metaphor..." At the same time, in the world, especially in some developed countries, modern people are facing the increasingly rapid division of labor. The hesitation and confusion of more and more detailed and richer choices.A foreigner may have changed at least several occupations during his lifetime.In China before the reform and opening up, if you faced a person who had been transferred, you couldn't help but look at him with admiration.Because that means he's "well connected" and "very capable".Probably not an "idle person". China's traditional economic system, with its conceptualization and dogmatization of theory and its rebelliousness with the general trend of global economic development, that is, world marketization, and its simplification and volitionalization of practice, make people full of understanding Contemporary economists are baffled. Except for peasants, although only one or two out of every few hundred Chinese people have successfully or think they have completed their life under the guidance of "Chinese-style" human values, no one can refute, almost More than 90% of Chinese people will think that it is the best life when they look at the figure of a bureau chief or the car he is sitting in... The result is that our republic now has more than 34 million administrative personnel.The annual administrative expenditure alone is as high as about 140 billion yuan... If toys are just one thing for children.The most frequent and active impulse of the child, then, can only be that of possessing that thing.If a big act similar to "revolution" is called for among children, then of course the first object of "revolution" they identify can only be the child companion who possesses that thing. If a bridge is built between people's beliefs and people's real interests and possessions, it is like spreading a red carpet between the church and the Congress.The singleness of human value orientation, whether spiritual or material, is primitive to a generation of people in a country or a nation. Regardless of anyone, when he is typical as a human being, in the final analysis, it means that he has "stolen" the typical characteristics of the times.Chichikov is a strange species produced by the serfdom in Tsarist Russia.Edison was the childhood son of American capitalist technology.Yacocca is the pride of the fierce competition in the contemporary western market economy.That's why Iacocca said: "This country gave me such an opportunity!" But Aesop's misfortune is that the times never gave him the freedom he longed for... If we study the age a little bit, we will find that the age has such a nature—it has always admired only two types of people—those who are willing to live according to its requirements, and those who defy its wishes and become its challengers in the end. people.It rewards them for appreciating the former, and it rewards them in order to make them more in line with its requirements, and dare not cross its limits.It routinely does not reward those who confront it.Instead of granting it, every time a punishment sword is hung over his head.It appreciates them mostly when it really feels the need for them.This is what we call the "turning point".At this time, their courage and spirit of rebellion and challenge are the catalyst for its transformation and the driving force for its "turning point".Just as a snake sometimes needs to clamp its body between the forks of a tree to complete its shedding.Without its rebels and peach warriors, an era cannot get rid of its old body and gain new life at the same time.For this it rewards them generously.This kind of reward is often one-time, and it is extremely generous.Afterwards it no longer benefits them, for it has rewarded them with the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity that is so important to man, and tomorrow is added to it.The fact is just like this, those who grasp the opportunity at the "turning" moment of the times, and thus achieve success, will have a confident continuity of success, because they were born at the same time as a new era, The lifespan of a new era is usually calculated in centuries.The new era needs its promoters to accompany each other.As for those who have been appreciated, favored and even favored by it.Either be left on the old hide by it, or share its pain and tremble with it as it completes its painful "turn".What it appreciates least of all are those people who were not valued by it as a model yesterday, and who are insensitive to its "turning" today.It does not imply any chance for them today, nor does it leave them any tomorrow.It has nothing to do and is helpless to them, just as they do to it... It is as old as it is now! The comprehensive education in our traditional society can almost be said to limit people's consciousness of "self-expression" and "self-proof".Looking back at the long chain of Chinese history, we can find that this is especially sanctimonious in classical culture. "Lao Tzu" repeatedly said things like "the self-recommended person is unknown", which means that whoever "expresses himself" is not respectable or smart. "Book of Rites The Doctrine of the Mean" says: "If you don't see the hidden, don't show the emblem, so the king should be careful about his independence." It means that in the smallest things, when you are alone, you must also behave in accordance with the rules. More moments.How to be a model? ——"The sky is high, but you dare not not stand on it; the earth is thick, you dare not not go." It means how high the sky is, but a model person dare not bend his back when standing; how thick the earth is, But a person who hopes to gain the respect of others dares not take small steps.But Laozi simply said complacently, "I have three treasures"-"Three mouths dare not be the first in the world". Therefore, the "Cultural Revolution" became the only chance that our generation was generally allowed to express ourselves and prove ourselves.Its expression is the exercise "revolution".The content of the proof is "unlimited loyalty".Its theoretical basis is "rebellion is justified".This is a one-time release of the psychological energy of an entire generation.It consumes the passion for "self-expression" which requires at least one-third of the life of every single human being.At the same time, it seriously thwarted the impulse of a whole generation to turn this passion into self-realization, and they could only be at the mercy of the times for the next ten years. If a country, especially a country with a large population, wants to develop rapidly economically, the occupational division of social members should be like this - for every thousand people, there should be at most ten officials, including a certain A person who is an expert and an official.There should be about 200 workers from key state enterprises.There should be about 300 workers from non-state SMEs.There should be about 400 people who can rely on their own occupations to have ample food and clothing.Others belong to doctors, lawyers, educators... After all, today's Chinese people have recovered their instinct to look for opportunities, but opportunities are destined not to belong to the following two types of people: one kind of people is looking forward to waking up one morning, and the times will gently hug themselves like an aunt who dotes on them, so that Riding on the neck of the times and swaggering over business... A kind of person hopes to wake up one morning, and in the name of something that sounds justified, knock down the successful people who were just like themselves, but now they are not quite like themselves... My contemporaries, my brothers and sisters, I hope that among you, me, him and her, there will be less of the first kind of people and less of them.I hope that among you, me, him and her, there will be fewer and fewer people of the second type! I have always treated people who have committed negligent crimes differently from those who are gangsters, murderers, rapists, and criminals who endanger society with terror.As for those who commit economic crimes, those who embezzle, accept bribes, extort, and defraud people of their money, I especially hate those who defraud people of their money. And I often think, has the part left to me been overly warmed by me?Maybe it's just some fragments of friendship between cats and dogs that everyone has experienced, which is too idealized and poetic for me as a novelist.However, I am so unwilling to discuss this part of me lightly.Because I always feel that I have to keep something for myself, even if it is idealized and poetized by myself.Reality is unlikely to provide me with these things.I can only find it from the past and value it doubly.I try not to treat it with kindness.However, I am very clear that this benevolence and righteousness must not be extended to the third stage.Otherwise, I myself will go to the opposite side.Then the so-called benevolence and righteousness should stand in the dock and go to its opposite at the same time... The toilet in his house is the one that costs tens of thousands of yuan.With electronic control program.With drying function.I don't understand why people need such expensive toilets.I can't figure out why the manufacturer needs to produce such a complicated toilet.Although Chinese people nowadays have begun to pay attention to the distinction between rich and poor, high and low, defecation is nothing more than defecation to everyone, no matter how elaborate it is, it is not enough to be regarded as a ritual.Even if you really pay attention to the point of approaching the ceremony, isn't it you who are in trouble? ... Yes, I think it's our generation's turn to make mistakes -- no, it's our generation's turn to commit crimes one after another. To commit a certain type of crime, you must first have the conditions and qualifications to commit the crime.It's not something anyone can commit if they want to.Such as corruption, bribery, power-seeking, power-for-money transactions and the like. Today, while a large number of my contemporaries are facing the severe life test of being "laid-off" and the second unemployment, the times have also pushed a very small number of us into official positions out of necessity. I answered him—his words were quite different from the actual situation.I said that first of all, he should understand that it is not the educated youth generation who have started to join the power class in China, but the middle-aged people in China.And this is generally the law of the times.Throughout the ages, the middle and the old have succeeded, and history has always been like this.It's always been like this all over the world.Scanning the social structure abroad, the average age of the power class is about ten years younger than that in China.The times are advancing rapidly, things are being updated, and the power class in the whole world is getting younger and younger.If he has ambitions in his official career and has a long future, he need not be depressed by the current situation.Secondly, since he is also in the power class, he sees all the big and small officials all day long.Looking up and looking at it, there are many overlapping, so the arrogance that there is no doubt and no way out.However, after more than ten years, he felt that those who oppressed him most directly, that is, the immediate bosses of the "educated youth generation" he called, bowed down and retreated from the whole generation, turning over a certain page of history, Leave a large blank space.At that time, he was only in his forties, he was a dragon and a tiger, and he showed his talents, fully proving his talent and ability.Comparing openly and secretly with his immediate superiors who were educated youths, it is very unambitious and hopeless.They are just a group of transitional people temporarily sought by the times.Their advantage is life experience, and their disadvantage is knowledge structure.They sum up life experience from life experience, which is acquired.However, the general backwardness of the knowledge structure is a serious congenital defect.Everyone can sum up life experience from their own life.The benefit of having this kind of experience is that you are good at exercising power more freely and obeying power more skillfully.Knowledge structure can only be built from knowledge, which is more hard-won than life experience. Please don't talk about your "educated youth generation" in front of me in the future.This generation is still by far the most sympathetic people in China. Among the nearly ten million "laid-off" unemployed people in China, they account for six to seven out of ten.This is an indisputable fact.A group of section chiefs and department heads, and some bureau-level cadres at the deputy bureau level are actually so rare that they are not representative of the "educated youth generation"... The transaction of power and money is like masturbation, the most difficult thing is to start with one and end with one. The transition stage from disorder to order in the commercial era is the most exciting "estrus period" for Yi Eryu.It's like the flowering season of the 16th and 17th is a period of youthful restlessness that people must go through.At this stage, money emits a more horrific hormonal smell.The promulgation of every law that compels business to be included in the norms indicates that it is more difficult to take advantage of the loopholes of the times, and it is even more difficult for people to be greedy for money.Stimulated by this kind of foreshadowing, the interests of all kinds of people are developed more frequently, established more purely, and exchanged more urgently and more nakedly. The Communist Party of China is the ruling party.The cadres at all levels of the Communist Party of China, from top to bottom, from bottom to top, carefully control this big country with a population of nearly 1.3 billion.If there is a bad cadre in the ruling party, we can call it a "stick" or a "bad official".If there is a batch, we can call it a "gang", a "bureaucratic force" or a "corrupt force".Even if a power is formed, it can still be regarded as a "small handful". However, if this "small group" fights together, pretending to be a tiger, attacking and defending the alliance because of some interests, they will be like dogs of a feather, and control one party's regime from top to bottom, from bottom to top.For example, in a village, in a township, in a county, in a city, or in a region, the nature of a party's political power has actually evolved.Or there is a danger of radical evolution. Once the "public servants" do whatever they want, they will look like "Huang Shiren" back then. If the "masters" are unruly, they will end up similar to "Yang Bailao"! During the "Cultural Revolution", Mao Zedong called the four "party sticks" headed by Jiang Qing the "Gang of Four", and further pointed out that "you have no support for the 'Gang of Four'!" Now, there are many "official gangs" and "official gangs" in China, ranging from a few to as many as a dozen, and as many as dozens to hundreds.Some have been exposed and brought to justice, while others have not been exposed and are still at large. After a little analysis, we can understand that the formation of such power "gangs" and other power "gangs" is determined by the relationship of interests in the final analysis. Therefore, I believe that the fight against corruption and the promotion of integrity must first start with senior cadres setting an example.High officials and officials, at least they must always warn themselves not to easily get into the boat of corrupt officials because of money.That thief boat can't get on or off.Because once you go up, you can only help the corrupt officials.Once their tail is grabbed, it's like pulling your tail.If you don't intercede, don't shelter, don't rescue, that won't work... The hearts of the people can be deceived, but the hearts of the people cannot be humiliated.They see it in their eyes, and they have a steelyard in their hearts. The experience of poverty can only be considered a "wealth" if it has the above-mentioned "education" meaning for people.Otherwise, poverty can only be a crime.And almost only breeds evil. The sentence "Politics is extraordinary pain" is like a strange fish hidden in the bottom of the water, violently stirred by the dead body of memory, with its terrible mouth wide open, spitting out a series of cloudy blisters, (疒虾) People surfaced. I also thought of Liu Shaoqi from the phrase "politics is extraordinary pain".In the end, the dignified president of the country was tied to a bench in a mysterious earth prison and lived for many days.Even the minimum right to die with one's real name was taken away... Of course, I also thought of Peng Dehuai, He Long, Luo Ruichao who had a broken leg, and the sad fate of many high-level leaders of the Chinese Communist Party... Reminiscent of the political purges of the "Stalin period" in the former Soviet Union. Reminiscent of the two assassinated presidents in American history-Lincoln and Kennedy. Indeed, in the turbulent river of human history, the word "politics" is often accompanied by blood.In my opinion, its negative harm to human beings is greater than the word "war".For war is, after all, a special means of "politics." However, for some reason, in a period of time, China has talked too much about "making some people rich first" for too long, and talked too little and not enough about the ultimate principle of "reform and opening up". If we talk too much about methods and less about the purpose, the method will easily give people a certain illusion, as if it has actually become the purpose itself.The real purpose is hard to be believed by the people.When people begin to doubt the purpose, the persuasive force of the method also loses. In my opinion, the so-called "post-Marxists" are actually a kind of ideologically more realistic, overcoming the "utopian" tendency, but still have ideal pursuit of social progress, not satisfied with the status quo, especially not toward the real world. A thinker who compromises on unfair and unreasonable phenomena. In the process of its social development, it is not advisable for a country to completely adopt the attitude of letting water flow freely. It is better to inject more or less ideal target components.And the ideal goal component, in the final analysis, can almost be summarized as one-starting from the interests of the general public. A writer of novels like me, if we talk about friendship with some government officials, the friendship is more like a continuation of a special relationship from the past.It is too exceptional to be able to continue to this day.The foundation of this kind of friendship in reality is actually relatively fragile, so it needs to be especially cherished. Sister, cheer up forever in order to live a life of ordinary people!The life of ordinary people is a life that is within reach of your eyes.It is this kind of life that is ours. The development of an era, reflected in a city, is often obvious.Within five or six years, with a few more building areas, a few overpasses, and a few skyscrapers, people will recognize that it has developed and changed.But it is often not so obvious when it is reflected in the actual life of ordinary people.It is not easy to be recognized by myself if it is not compared with the living conditions of my parents ten or twenty years ago. Be optimistic especially in the face of difficulties.The important thing is to set our standard of pursuit of life on the broad class level of ordinary people. Even if we face the embarrassment of unemployment, we should be more optimistic and confident to work hard to realize the well-off life of our ordinary people. struggle. Essays are like a matador's attire chosen and put on by the literati themselves, while prose is like a timeless casual dress. I think today should be an era where essays are active.And the obvious truth is that today is simply not an era where essays are active.In a word, essays are first and foremost an "opinion" expressed by the person who wrote them on various aspects of society.Among the various literary styles, essays are most like public "opinions".And it is often a sharp, even acrimonious type of "submission".Even if it is humor, that humor is often dark, cold, and spicy.So between "should have" and "simply not possible", the reason is self-explanatory.I found that many newspapers had fewer and fewer essays.Essays are clearly becoming less and less flattering.First of all, it doesn't like some people who monitor newspapers like hooks in their eyes, and naturally they don't like people who edit newspapers.Or they can only secretly like it in their hearts, but in principle they should stay away from it. The writers of essays, because what they observe are often the ugly phenomena of society, and because they often regard essays as "shouting" and "throwing guns", they often become so-called cynics. Such a person is now becoming more and more "inappropriate". "Out of season" is lonely.If you are lonely but still want to adopt a "fighter" posture, you will inevitably feel a lot of sadness in your heart.And sorrow for a long time will hurt the master's wisdom.Whenever he is ridiculed as the contemporary "Don Quixote", the sadness is even more serious, and it will eat into the soul. In contemporary Chinese history, Mao Zedong's status as a great man will never be shaken.After Sun Yat-sen, no one can compare with him.In other words, in the more than 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization, the name Mao Zedong has eclipsed the emperors, generals, and outstanding political figures of all ages.His authority as a regency surpassed all Chinese emperors; his military strategy can be called another "Sun Tzu's Art of War" in China; twenty years after his death, his thoughts are still on the minds of a considerable number of Chinese people, especially the four The minds of Chinese people over the age of 15 are influenced by ancestors and at the same time rely on reluctance. After the great man passed away, as time went by, he gradually became a "historical figure".Once the names of great men are completely historicized, they will lose the basic "citizenship" such as portrait rights, privacy rights, and reputation rights enjoyed by real people, and they are often regarded as "freedom of the press". menu". What the "mind" of history remembers is always flaws, including great and famous people with stains and shortcomings, while the names of "perfect" ordinary people are completely ignored. In terms of history, the biggest "shortcoming" of human beings is ordinary. For ordinary people, the biggest "disadvantage" of great and famous people is that they are not "perfect". But in the specialized dictionary of history, the term "perfect" has never been included. As a person of my age in the Republic, how I hope that there will be an authoritative book about Mao Zedong in China, whose cognitive value is as authoritative as that of the "Vietnam War" written by MacArthur in the United States in his later years! I think my hope also represents the thoughts of many Chinese, especially many Chinese intellectuals. At the same time, I also understand that in the past five or six years, hope can only be hope. Even if a Chinese person understands the "Mao Zedong phenomenon" a little bit, he may see things in China a little bit more clearly. We now know that Marx himself did not claim to be a so-called Marxist.To put it more clearly, Marx himself was not an active advocate and advocator of "violent revolution".On the contrary, he is a sociologist who does not want to see a "violent revolution" really happen. Mao Zedong was one of the most sincere believers in the "revolutionary" part of Marx's teachings.And one of the most committed practitioners. Now, some Chinese communists are obsessed with thinking that Marxism seems to be wrong on the most basic point of view.Because instead of dying, capitalism has flourished like never before. In fact, Marxism is not wrong on this point.Because the premise of Marx's prediction is that if capitalism cannot find an effective way to alleviate class contradictions, then it may be buried by the "violent revolution" that the proletariat has risen one after another. Capitalism has found that effective way-democracy and high-speed economic development. It is some Chinese communists themselves who are wrong. Class struggle plays a certain role in promoting history. But class struggle can also be enormously destructive and destructive to history.否则我们将无法解释——为什么恰恰在没有激烈的阶级斗争发生的历史年代里，人类的生产力和文明更得以大踏步地迈进？毛泽东是带着“革命精神”的“兴趣”去研究中国历史的。他一生对中国历史的研究都没有摆脱那一种“兴趣”。更不曾超越过那一种“兴趣”。越到晚年，那一种“兴趣”在他身上体现得越强烈，越偏执。 一个无可争议的事实是——毛泽东是在他的革命同志中最具有演说天才，也最具有思辨能力的人。 有一个现象是非常有趣的，那就是，举凡社会主义国家的第一代第二代领袖，大抵同时又是“革命理论家”。列宁、斯大林、毛泽东自不必说，铁托也是。 毛泽东是中国近代历史以来领袖十“革命理论家”之惟一一人。面且，在他活着的时候，是“十”得最严丝合缝的一人。 国外一项经济政策或生产法令的出台，每每数百万字的调查研究为依据，每每经历几十次论证。“革命”的方式，尤其中国农民革命的方式，是根本不应该允许用来操作关乎国计民生的大事务的。而我们回顾“改革开放”，其间农民“革命”式的，大哄大嗡的现象不胜枚举。 毛泽东的时代，除了他自己的革命哲学思想“一花独放”，中国再没了别的任何一类哲学。当然也没了任何意义上的哲学争鸣。从事哲学之学者、教授，或成了“阑而无用”之人，或成了“思想改造”的长期对象。大学里，就只讲马克思主义哲学了。好比文学系只允许讲一种文学理论——“样板戏”创作的“三突出”原则。 我们只要重新认真读一下毛泽东那些关于民主的论述和讲话，就会自然而然地得出这样一个结论——民主在毛泽东的思想中，似乎主要是一种好的工作作风，一种团结大多数人的宝贵经验，一种保障和鼓励大多数人充分发表意见的传统。 在毛泽东关于民主的一切论述和讲话中，他一再强调，民主是相对于集中而言的。在民主与集中之间，毛泽东思想上最终捍卫的是集中。 集中是权威功能的充分体现。 而民主的特殊使命，是对个人权威的合法限制。 不受合法限制的个人权威，几乎不可能不演变成“绝对权威”。 “绝对权威”即帝王权威。或约等于帝王权威。 它是与“共和”原则完全背道而驰的。 据未德女儿未敏的回忆文章中写到——朱德作为全军总司令理所当然地被授予“十元帅”中的“首帅”军衔之后，回到家中显得特别愉快、兴奋和激动。 是毛泽东亲自授衔于他的。 又据有关回忆文章介绍——毛泽东在整个授衔过程中，脸上一次也没露出过往亲切和蔼的微笑。表情显得有些不同寻常的严肃。毛泽东回到任处后，曾独自陷人很久的沉思…… 毛泽东当时头脑中想了些什么呢？除了毛泽东本人，没有任何人能告诉我们这一点。 在那一次庐山会议上，大获全胜的毛泽东的威望，究竟是提高了呢？还是降低了呢？回答是肯定的——降低了。 因为权威和威望是不一样的。 权威是威摄力。 威望是综合魅力。包括权威，但远比权威内容丰富。 一个人的威望中如果仅剩下了权威在分明地突出着，那么他也就没什么魅力了。 毛泽东在一九五九年，在庐山显示了他的权威潜力的强大性，但却是以损害自己的威望为代价的。 当年已六十六岁的毛泽东却未必愿意这么想。他的最不可原谅的错误其实并不是“反右”和“大跃进”，而是他在六十六岁的年龄，仍那么不可置信地依恋他曾拥有过的，经历了无数次考验的，使他成为唱遍全中国的“大救星”式的个人权威。 每当思考毛泽东，便想到他那辉煌的五大本思想著作。以后的世纪里，不太可能产生毛泽东这样的政治家了。因为，一个现象已无可争议，政治家与思想理论家越来越是对社会作用不尽相同的两类人了。毛泽东的著作中，仍有相当不少的部分，包含着当代政治家们治国的经验。今天，即使仅仅从“文章欣赏”出发，毛泽东的著作仍有极大可读性…… 毛泽东的的确确具有伟大性。 公正而论，美国是支持过中国的抗日战争的。而且，这种支持在当时对于中国相当重要。 公正面论，美国的武器援助(不仅限于武器，还有军事专家和空军战斗队)，当然不可能直接送到“红军”手中。一则美国当时的议会不会通过那样的做法。那样的做法违反国际军事援助的惯例。 它只能以国对国的方式实行。 至于蒋介石用了那些武器来剿灭“红军”，完全是蒋介石的罪责，不是美国的罪责。 公正而论，当时罗斯福总统执政的美国，并无制造中国内战的动机。他所批准的军事援助，目的乃在于支持中国的抗日战争。 公正面论，当时的毛泽东作为“红军”的领袖，对于以上诸点，是有着正确认识的。这种认识，包括对于美国的理解。 显然，毛泽东并未因自己是“共产党”的领袖，要建立一个“社会主义”的新中国，便一定要反美，坚决要反美。 显然，毛泽东是愿意和美国对话，愿意自己领导的中国共产党同美国保持正常的，甚至良好的国际关系的。 显然，毛泽东认为自己与罗斯福那样的美国总统之间，或者反过来说，认为像罗斯福那样的美国总统与自己之间，是绝对不至于成为剪不两立的国际政敌的。 显然，毛泽东的开始反美和后来的反美到底，是美国一步步紧逼紧迫的。 反美不是毛泽东的过错。 是美国自己的过错。 如果不是美国政府当年对华政策的一意孤行势不两立，新中国建立以后，毛泽东也许会不顾苏联的干涉和反对，主动与美国保持外交接触的。 是美国政府当年使毛泽东头脑中对它所抱的种种期望彻底源灭和打消了。 是美国政府一步步逼迫毛泽东成了一九四九年后最坚决的反美政治家。 “抗美援朝”既不但是“见义勇为”，也是唇亡齿寒情况之下被逼的。 今天之中国人，大可不必对此反思什么。 值得深刻反思的，同样仍是美国。 当中国人坐在电影院内，从新闻记录片中看到赫鲁晓夫与尼克松相互拥抱的镜头，心理是极其复杂的。 几乎所有的中国人都曾如此想过——我们的国家在这个世界上是多么的孤立无援啊！于是毛泽东提出了“反帝必反修”的口号。 于是毛泽东向全世界发出呼吁：“亚非拉美人民团结起来，打倒美帝国主义及其走狗！” 被迫的“反帝”，已然使中国和中国人民不得不面对美国这样强盛的敌人摆出“一决雌雄”的姿态了，附加了“反修”的国际使命以后，中国及中国人民简直等于左右受敌背水一战了。 亚非拉美某些国家当然是愿意与中国人民团结一致打倒“美帝国主义及其走狗”的，但他们首先向中国伸出双手要求援助。 中国及中国人民，不得不在物质十分匮乏的年代里，勒紧腰带，过省吃俭用到极点的生活，履行援助的义务。 此时的毛泽东，内心里未必就半点儿没有敌我悬殊，势单力薄之感。 但是他作为中国共产党和全中国人民的领袖，又必须在全世界面前表现出大无畏的英雄气概。 他是中国惟一必须如此的人。 他是中国惟一没有理由没有权力动摇信念的人。 因为他已经在充当着中国共产党和中国人民的精神之父了。 因为他已经被亚非拉美不少国家和它们的人民尊祟为世界上立场最坚定不移的伟大的“反美斗士”了。 中国人今天可以从多方面指摘毛泽东，但却应该衷心感激他当年为中国和中国人民肩负世界性压力而坚挺不屈这一点。 中国有句话——“解铃还须系铃人。” 中美关系的凶铃，是美国系上的。杜鲁门、艾森豪威尔、肯尼迪使那铃凶响不断；尼克松解松了系那“铃”的绳扣。他的名字中的那个“松”宇，似乎意昧着是中美关系中的吉字。 他是主动来叩中国大门的第一位美国总统。无论他被评价为一位怎样的总统，他对缓和中美关系的作用是巨大的。 苏共对毛泽东思想中“阶级斗争一刻也不能放松”的理论的批评是对的。 他们对中美关系中毛泽东那种极端强硬的仿佛一万年也不改变的理论的批评也是对的。 但这种批评似乎应该同时针对美国才公正。因为在中美关系中，在当年，首先是美国拒绝与中国“和平共处”。 中国人中，尤其中国共产党中，有一种看法目前依然存在——那就是认为苏联的解体，完全是由于当年开始在“修正主义”的道路上滑得太远了。这是一种极端错误的看法。因为首先，指斥苏联当年为“修正主义”，已经被证明是思想理论上的简单化和庸俗化；其次，苏联的解体是三十年以后的事，直接导因非是“极端民主化”，而是一次武力扣押总统的政变；不是阶级矛盾激化的结果，丽是民族矛盾趁政变后的无政府主义状态集结势力的结果。那政变恰恰是由认为自己最“布尔什维克”的人们干的。 在毛泽东的青年时期，一切从乡村走出来的小知识分子，如果其头脑中“危世救国”的思想真的很强烈，那么头脑中同时必然树立着某些大文人的榜样。因为中国的几乎一切“危世救国”的理论，盖总结于文人的思想。 中国历代文人，从古自青年毛泽东的时代，盖有“傲”与“忧”两类。“傲”类的文人们，一向备受中国青年文人和青年知识分子所尊崇。因为真优必得投出心去。多数的他们其实做不到。“傲”则不费什么事儿，对时代对社会对他人，既可为姿态上的矛，亦可做心理上的盾。而且，可形可状。 尽管毛泽东本人欣赏李白式的文人，或扩言之曰知识分子，但是在毛泽东成为中国人的伟大领袖以后，李白式的、傲气在骨的大小文人大小知识分子，便几乎没了生存的权力。因为在毛的时代，“傲骨”几乎就意味着“反骨”。 在中国，由于当年政治体制的先天缺陷，领袖即使非是毛泽东，是别的任何人，也将必历同样不幸。