Chapter 21 Section 2 Borges and the Avant-Garde Novel

As the godfather of literature, Borges has far-reaching influence, and his narrative strategy of true and false, false and true has fascinated a large number of readers and writers.Ni Huadi once called Borges "the writer of writers", which is in terms of his writing skills. Borges was very keen on writing labyrinths, which was related to childhood games and reading Greek mythology, but it was more of his pursuit of creating individuality.Three of his poems named after it, and his novels such as "The Allegory of the Palace", "Apenhagen-El-Baukari Died in the Labyrinth", and "The Garden of Forking Paths" all directly discuss the labyrinth.Although "Aleph", "The Immortal", "Death and the Compass", "Another Me" and many other articles rarely mention the maze directly, all the descriptions and layouts actually revolve around the maze and its answers. to expand.The labyrinths constructed and performed by Borges include labyrinths with winding paths and corridors, countless rooms and branching labyrinths with complex appearances, as well as labyrinths that are so simple that they have neither steps nor doors and walls but still make people get lost.These labyrinths become a means of understanding the world, and also become one of the ways for the writer to recognize himself.These strategies are expressed in the novel text as countless narrative traps, which attract contemporary Chinese avant-garde novelists.

In Borges' masterpieces "The Garden of Forking Paths" (translated by Wang Yangle) and "Aleph", Borges used his good trap or maze technique to express complex philosophical issues in vivid novels. form manifested. "The Garden of Forking Paths" tells the story of a Chinese named Yu Chen who served as a spy for the Germans in World War I.Yu Chen discovered a British artillery position, and was tracked down by Captain Martin, a British officer engaged in anti-espionage work. Yu Chen had to flee in a panic. He came to Asigrove Town by train and found a man named Stephen Al. The home of Dr. Bay, from which leads the Garden of Forking Paths.Before Captain Martin arrived, Yu Chen killed Albert and Martin arrested Yu Chen.Yu Chen's strategy was to kill Albert, and the name of the British artillery base happened to be Albert, so the German spy boss guessed the military secret and sent planes to bomb it.This is also the reason for guessing the adjustment of the British army's combat plan at the beginning of the novel.But the main purpose of the novel is not to tell a detective story, but to introduce a "maze", which is the "novel" itself. In the words of the character Stephen Albert in the book, "writing a novel and making a maze are One thing” (27). "I can only imagine a circular book, a book that goes around in circles. Its last page is exactly the same as the first page, and it has the possibility to continue reading infinitely." (28) Borges' "Circular Ruin" is The labyrinth of human life, "The Library of Babel" is the labyrinth of human cognition, "Apenhagen-El-Baukari Dead in the Labyrinth" is a labyrinth drawn by man as a prison, "The Garden of Forking Paths" is the labyrinth of time The labyrinth, "Aleph" is a labyrinth of space, the labyrinth built and discarded by the immortal in "The Immortal".These bewildering labyrinths often appear in Borges's pens, and Borges' understanding of the world is born in the casual scenes.The maze is an image favored by writers in the twentieth century. Kafka's nightmare maze, Paz's time maze, García Márquez's general in the maze, etc. Writers use mazes to express their understanding of the world and life.

When contemporary avant-garde novelists explore the use of new art forms to reflect new and complex realities, have a special experience and new interpretation of society and life, and try to carry out bold innovations in their works, they all agree. Most of them Everyone has taken a fancy to the keyword "maze" or narrative trap.Ge Fei's "Brown Birds" constructs a maze through three encounters between "I" and the woman "Qi". Every encounter between "I" and "Qi" dissolves the previous image of "Qi". There seem to be several differences. Qi is in the same synchronic world.This reminds us of Borges' famous short story "Another Me".Borges conceived a scene in this short story. The old Borges, who was over seventy years old, met the young Borges who was less than twenty years old. Jorges talks about his upcoming family events, about how the world has changed in fifty years, and about two people's mutual love: Hugo and Whitman.Although the interests of two people (in fact, in different historical periods of one person) have undergone tremendous changes due to the barrier of time, but "whether giving advice or arguing, there is no doubt, since it is his indisputable An avoidable fate: to become a person like me." (29) The same person in different times is stranger than two people.Even so, the spiritual journey of these two men is also very meaningful. The author of "Brown Birds" also seems to want to construct a synchronic labyrinth. "Qi" appears in different spaces, but because the image of "Qi" lacks an inner spiritual connection, readers are attracted by the scenes intentionally created by the author when reading this work, but the fragmentation of the scenes makes the total duration The scene cannot penetrate or maintain the internal organic connection, so in the author's "conscious diffusion and short circuit" (30), he is lost in the maze deliberately created by the author.Critics call Gefei's labyrinth a "language labyrinth" because Gefei is good at using language to create a dreamy, dreamlike atmosphere that seems real but not real.In this atmosphere, lacking the necessary passages of thought, or windows to break through the maze, the reader is bewildered by the magic of language and has to let the narrator take him somewhere.

Borges's earliest novel was "A World Sexual Scandal", published in 1935.This collection includes six short stories, most of which are imitations or direct adaptations of classical stories.This work has a lot of randomness in writing, and the comic style and humorous and satirical language have won the readers' love.The author later was very dissatisfied with these early works of his own, saying that "A Scandal of the World" is an irresponsible game for cowards, with no merits except chaos and a bunch of superficial images.But it is precisely this method of revealing a certain emotion without much ink and ink, which has become a major feature of Borges' writing skills."World Sexual Affair", which is widely loved by avant-garde writers, actually led the avant-garde writers to a road that had been abandoned by the mature Borges.Listing the facts, abruptly interrupting the plot, and compressing complicated scenes can all be seen in the works of pioneer writers, such as Ma Yuan's "Lhasa River Goddess" and "The Temptation of Gangdise", Ge Fei's "Brown Birds" and "Blue Birds". "Huang" and so on are all borrowing this method, but Borges's pursuit of philosophy has been ignored, and the works that have won the samadhi are nowhere to be seen.The significance of Borges' works is not to show off the skills and the magic of narrative traps, but to lie in his profound philosophical thinking.This is why everyone is proud to talk about Bo's, but there are very few people who really understand Bo's.Mr. Zhao Deming, an expert on Latin American literature, once emphasized that it is necessary to approach Borges himself to understand Borges, instead of just talking about Borges in "my" mind.It seems too appropriate to use this to explain that in the 1990s Borges actually became a cultural celebrity who rose against the trend of cultural shrinkage in the Chinese cultural market.The ambiguity of Borges, the implicitness of Borges' language, the profound philosophy and profound knowledge in his works have attracted readers' attention, and his noncommittal narrative attitude also makes the interpretation of his works ambiguous .

Ma Yuan's inheritance and imitation first started from the ambiguity and polysemy of the narrative.Intentionally blurring the boundary between reality and fiction, allowing the real names of real people to appear in the works, which not only refer to each other, but also disassemble each other, so that the works have an artistic effect of seeming real and not real, and seeming fake and not fake. Known as the "meta-narrative technique".Ma Yuan has always avoided talking about Borges. He said: "I don't even dare to recommend Borges to anyone. I often bypass his old man to talk about Juan Rulfo. Needless to say, the other party immediately It will be recognized: You Ma Yuan finally admit that you are imitating Borges!" (31) In fact, Ma Yuan was directly influenced by Borges.

Calvino said that the main reason why he has a soft spot for Borges is: "I realized in Borges that literary ideas are a world constructed and governed by intelligence." For me, it is like seeing a potentiality that has always been in motion and is only now being realized: seeing a world in the image and shape of an intellectual space that inhabits a constellation of stars, The constellation follows a strict figure." "Borges was a master of simplicity. He was able to condense a tremendous richness of ideas and poetic charm into pages usually only a few pages long: events narrated or merely implied, the blinding glimpses of the mind, and the idea." "In every text he wrote, Borges always, in the way he could, spoke of infinity, infinity, time, eternity, or rather the eternity of time. Existence or cyclic essence." (32) If we compare the avant-garde writers' special liking for Borges, it is not easy for us to see a realization comparable to Calvino's profound understanding.It is a common response of pioneer writers to imitate Borges from the appearance characteristics of novels.

In Ge Fei’s "Brown Birds", it is mentioned that "I" wrote this novel to dedicate it to "my" former lover, "she was too excited at the candlelight party on her 30th birthday and suffered from cerebral thrombosis , unfortunately passed away." This is the same as "I" at the beginning of "Aleph" After the death of Beatrice Viterbo, the secret lover of "I", "I" visited her family to commemorate her every year on the anniversary of her birthday. She is exactly the same.The difference is that in "Aleph", Beatrice is a pretext, leading to her cousin Carlos, and also leads to Aleph's magical perspective of seeing the world. "Aleph" is originally the first letter of Hebrew, and its shape is like a person pointing to the sky and the earth. The author here replaces it with a small luminous ball, which means "the point that contains everything." A point in space” (33), expressing such an abstract concept as space.Borges painstakingly managed a realistic background, portraying a man "Borges" who has an infatuated crush on Beatrice, and Carlos, a worldly misfit, but the two of them We all saw the abstract "Aleph". "The diameter of this Aleph is only two or three centimeters, yet the space of the universe is in it, and its volume has not been reduced at all. Every thing (such as we say: the moon in the mirror) is an infinite number of things, because I see it clearly from all points of the universe.” (34) Borges borrowed language here to create a maze, and we can enter the world of Aleph through Beatriz and his cousin Carlos. magical place.Once we enter Aleph's territory, Beatrice and Carlos don't exist anymore, and we start to roam in the concept of space.Aleph embodies the unity of many and one, and embodies the unity of finite and infinite. Borges regards Aleph as a symbol, symbolizing complex philosophies such as finite and infinite, many and one, eternity and ephemeral.In Ge Fei's "Brown Birds", through the "introduction" of the former lover, we get to know a girl "Qi", who is also the audience of "I"'s novel. "I" tells her the idea of ​​"I" novel, in the progress of the novel, the woman in the sorrel boots, "I" stalking, the cyclist, the broken bridge, the cripple couple, the death of the cripple, the cripple's wife There is also a pair of maroon boots, the help of "I", the strange relationship between "I" and the final marriage of the two, the death of the wife on her thirtieth birthday, etc., these characters and plots appear one after another. In the process of listening to the story, "Qi" is a stranger for a while, and a familiar wife for a while. When "Qi" appears in front of the narrator again at the end of the novel, "Qi" becomes a strange girl. She doesn't know Who is "Qi" and there is no "Qi" iconic thing - a picture folder, and a mirror in her package.Readers only see countless clues in the maze set by Gefei. Where will these clues lead us?It doesn't seem to be clear, except for the maze-like plot or the plot, and there are no internal clues pointing to the deep meaning.

Nan Fan believes that avant-garde literature "emphasizes the division of story time and narrative time" and is good at "creating weird metaphors".Due to the rejection of literary meaning, the narrative discourse of postmodernism cannot spread too far, and the fate of shelving awaits the avant-garde novels, and the language revolution of the minority cannot be transformed into the language revolution of the majority. (35) We know that avant-garde writers have always admired Borges, but what to learn from Borges seems to be an ambiguous topic.If there were only narrative traps and labyrinths, Borges would not have had such an impact.In Borges' trap of true, false, and false, the writer's will to interpret the world is contained. Real life, abstract philosophy and a touch of irony constitute the three levels of Borges' narrative trap. Without these foundations, the trap Bound to slip for the game.The avant-garde writers cannot be compared with Borges precisely in this point.

When we read a lot of Borges' works, we find that these techniques are Borges' little tricks, and his central point is not here.He wants to use these organs to lead you into an unreal world, allowing you to experience the connotation of these metaphysical philosophical terms in the narrative of the image story structure. Borges' narrative strategy has actually provided experience for Chinese authors in many aspects.The novel "Scar" uses a seemingly true story to attract readers' attention. After reading it, the readers realize that this is Scarface telling this story in the tone of a comrade who was betrayed by him in the past.Scarface was a radical republican at twenty, but he too was filled with fear when the revolution was at its lowest ebb.Frightened by the white terror, Scarface informs.When his comrades pursued him to kill him, his face was marked with eternal shame - the scar.Scarface borrows the perspective of comrades-in-arms to review the unbearable scene that year, which surprised the readers and then suddenly realized it.So far, the novelty of reading and the pleasure of reading have been brought to the extreme.Martin Fierro is the protagonist of the famous gaucho epic "Martin Fierro", in which there are only a few short lines about his friend Tadeo Isidoro Cruz, saying only that he is a conscience The undead policeman is responsible for chasing down the deserter Martin Fierro. When he finally put the latter in a tight siege, he was overwhelmed by Martin Fierro's courage and turned to rescue the siege. Since then he has been inseparable from Martin Fierro until he Then he died of smallpox.In the epic, this character is an inconspicuous little character, but Borges fabricated the legendary experience of this character to guess the spiritual legend of why the illiterate Isidoro Cruz defected.This rewritten history invents details "in order to turn the story into a mirror: that any destiny, however long and complex, really has only one moment—the moment of enlightenment. Only in that moment, Only then can people understand who they are.” (36) After reading the book, the readers will not only smile knowingly, but also be impressed by the great charm of multiple possibilities in literature.

Regarding Borges' maze writing method, I deliberately compared his works with Ge Fei's works, and tried to explore the inheritance relationship in the way of dissecting sparrows. Before I begin this part of the comparison, let's look at the beginnings of the novels "The Garden of Forking Paths" and "The Lost Boat": "On page 22 of Liddell Hart's "History of the War in Europe", one can read such a record: 13 regiments of British troops (originally equipped with 1,400 guns), originally The planned attack on the Celle-Montaubon line on July 24, 1916 had to be postponed to the morning of the 29th. Heavy rain was responsible for delaying the attack (pointed out by Captain Liddell-Hart) Of course, there is nothing special on the surface. However, the following statement, dictated by Dr. Yu Chen, reviewed and signed by him, casts a ray of doubt on this incident. Dr. Yu Chen has served as English teacher at a high school in Qingdao. The first two pages of his statement have been lost." (Translation by Wang Yangle: "Borges' Short Stories Collection" p.

"On March 21, 1928, the vanguard of the Northern Expedition suddenly appeared on both sides of the Lanjiang River. The 31st Division of Sun Chuanfang's garrison surrendered without a fight. The Northern Expedition quickly took control of the important town of Yu at the junction of Lanjiang and Lianshui. Guan. While Sun Chuanfang assembled a large number of troops at Linkou, he deployed elite troops to garrison the Qishan Fortress downstream of Lianshui River. The 32nd Brigade Commander of the Qishan Defenders sneaked into Xiaohe, a village on the other side of Qishan, in the middle of the night, and his whereabouts were unknown seven days later. The disappearance of Brigadier Xiao cast a shadow of mystery on the battle that started in the rainy season a few days later." (Ge Fei: Selected Works of Ge Fei - The Lost Boat, page 1) Look again at the endings of the two novels "The Lost Boat" and "Death and the Compass": "The guard stood only three steps away from Xiao, and fired six bullets very seriously." (Ge Fei's "Selected Works of Ge Fei - Lost Boat", p. 20) "He took a few steps back, then aimed very carefully and fired." (Translated by Wang Yangle: "Death and the Compass", "Borges' Short Stories Collection" p. 107) Seeing such too similar sentences and ideas, if anyone still blatantly denies that he has not been influenced by anyone, he can only say that he is talking nonsense in broad daylight.In fact, such references can be found everywhere in the history of literature.As we all know, the play "Hamlet" borrowed the contents of "History of Denmark" written by the Danish historian Grammaticus in the twelfth century, and 36 of Shakespeare's 37 plays were written by others or ready-made. However, no one in the history of literature accused Shakespeare of plagiarism.The point is that Shakespeare can turn the rotten into the miraculous. Ge Fei's "Lost Boat" (1987) narrates the death of Xiao, the commander of Sun Chuanfang's 32nd brigade during the Northern Expedition due to an accident, which also made the ensuing war full of variables.Brigadier Xiao went back to his hometown for his father's funeral and met his first love. In this series of coincidences, Xiao's behavior was monitored by his guards because Xiao's younger brother was an important member of the Northern Expeditionary Army.So by accident, when Xiao went to the appointment, he was regarded as a betrayal by the undercover guard who was in charge of monitoring him, so Xiao was killed by his own guard.Although the evaluation of this novel "recounts the death of soldier Xiao due to an accident and the change of the war situation, trivial and irrelevant things lead to unexpected endings, thus showing the disordered state of history and reality" ( 37) It seems appropriate to explain the meaning of this novel by the intervention and influence of accidental events on the great world.But when we put it together with Borges' "The Garden of Forking Paths", there is no doubt that the theme of "The Lost Boat" is too narrow. In Borges's short story "The Garden of Forking Paths", the plot on the surface is an ordinary spy detective story. In fact, there is another story embedded in this story, that is, Albert, a Chinese fan, collected a Chinese writer. The author of this novel, Cui Peng, happens to be Yu Chen's grandfather.Grandfather Cui Peng had two goals when he was an official, one was to write an outstanding book, and the other was to build a garden.The family found his jumbled-up novel after his death, but not the garden.Albert reveals that the book and the garden are one and the same. "In this complex narrative tangle, the most important thing is the philosophical reflection on time it contains, or rather the definition of the concept of time elaborated one by one." (38) We will not fully realize it until the end This is a philosophical story, a novel about the concept of time.Borges believed that time is constantly bifurcating, and at the same time, there are many possibilities.Just because there are multiple possibilities at the same time, Yu Chen's story also becomes a possibility.This is the wonderful experience of reading this novel, and it is also the wonder of literature. "Death and the Compass" tells the story of a policeman solving a crime.Obsessed with Jewish mystical philosophy, the police officer Eric Lonro made quite a guess about a murder case. The prisoner also followed his train of thought and deliberately designed several cases to strengthen his inference. When he thought he had found the law of criminals and went to a certain place alone to prove it, he just fell into the trap of the criminal leader Sharak in red and was shot dead.Borges intended to satirize the self-righteousness of the police, but he listed Eric Lonro's reasoning and arguments one by one in a calm tone. Until the end, when Sharak in red was about to shoot him, he was still immersed in it. In the labyrinth of his heart, wouldn't it be sad and deplorable. Time is a profound and indescribable concept.Borges used a detective story to express the characteristics of time.Yu Chen's spying for the Germans is just an introduction to the story of Yu Chen's grandfather Cui Peng. Cui Peng's garden and novel are actually the same thing.However, Yu Chen's information was conveyed and the German attack was successful, which confirmed the multiple possibilities of time.Gefei's "The Lost Boat" has nothing but similar large outlines, revealing the disorder of history and reality.Borges used this narrative to explore time, but Ge Fei only allows us to see a bizarre story.This novel imitates "The Garden of Forking Paths" in the grand structure layout, and "Death and the Compass" in the abrupt conclusion of the ending.Such a way of writing was natural to attract people's attention when people didn't understand Borges' works in the mid-eighties, and this kind of parody was also very fresh to readers at that time. In 1988, Mr. Radar pointed out the crux of the Griffin's maze in his article "Trough of Turbulence".He pointed out with consistent keenness, "Gefei's novels are exquisite and full of formal beauty, but they are always like a game set up by the author. Except for a little sadness of youth destruction, how much real meaning and connotation can there be?" What about words?" (39) When we read "The Lost Boat" and "The Garden of Forking Paths" in contrast, this feeling is even more obvious.The return of Brigadier Xiao, the secret of the guards, the love rival who killed the pig, and the background of the Wuchang Uprising all seem to be unable to explain the connotation, but are just deliberately dyslexic.That's all. From Ge Fei's creation, we can also see the disadvantages of Chinese contemporary avant-garde novel creation.If you get a little knowledge, you can use it to bluff people.If you really want to write a masterpiece in literary creation, any opportunism is unacceptable.Ge Fei's "Banner of Desire" published in 1998 has made a big step forward in understanding, and "Peach Blossom with a Human Face". "(2004) is much more mature in understanding and editing strategies.This indicates that contemporary avant-garde writers are also progressing with the development of the times. In Chapter 15 of The Temptation of Gangdise, Ma Yuan asked the narrator to stand up and discuss the author's creative conception and processing: The story has been told almost here, but there will obviously be some technical and technical questions from readers.Let's imagine. A. About the structure.These seem to be three separate stories, few of which are interconnected.This is a purely technical problem, we try to solve it below. B. About clues.The first part ended in a month, and then the connection was disconnected inexplicably, and it was useless. Why didn't he write to Nim?Why didn't it appear in the following episodes?Another technical problem, let's solve it together. C. Legacy issues.Imagine: Dunyue is back, what will happen between brothers, between Dunyue and sister-in-law Nim?How are the motivations of the three characters explained? ... First of all, Dunyue will not come back (and it is impossible to come back, the possibility of Dunyue's return is ruled out, the problem is simple), because he died on duty shortly after joining the army. The author consciously makes what he tells uncertain.The young expedition leader invites people to join his expedition, the conversation between the old writer who went to Tibet and another person, the hunting adventure of the hunter Qiongbu’s father, two young people who graduated from college and went to Tibet to watch the sky burial, and the girl whom one of them loved met Death in a car accident, Qiongbu's own story, and the stories of the Tibetan twin brothers Dundup and Dunyue all lack an internal organic connection.The reader can roughly guess that these stories are what one of them saw and heard, but in Chapter 15, the author dispels these speculations with a discussion of structure, clues and remaining problems.This makes readers have to think about what kind of novel it is and what theme it wants to explain. After thinking about it, they cannot get a satisfactory answer.Wu Peixian summarized in "A Preliminary Study on the Paradigm of Narrative Discourse in Contemporary Novels" that the innovation of Ma Yuan's narrative trap in the paradigm of narrative discourse is reflected in three aspects: 1. The intersection of narrative perspectives; 2. The subversion of narrative logic; 3. The narrative Collage of content. (40) Through Ma Yuan's "The Temptation of Gangdese", he analyzed in detail Ma Yuan's narrative perspective and narration logic to deliberately cause confusion in order to achieve illogical purposes. Ma Yuan's efforts in narrative methods are of great significance to contemporary Chinese literature.In the study of narratology, the narrator's comment on the narrative discourse itself in the text is called meta-narrative, and this narrative method is also called self-conscious comment.To put it simply, if the author narrates a story while commenting on the narrator and the receiver, and discussing the narrative behavior, it is a meta-narrative.In the jargon of narratology, "if a fictional narrative work appeals to the narrative act itself and its constituent elements, then it can be called a meta-narrative."(41) Although it is not uncommon for the author to intervene in the conception of the work in contemporary European novels, Ma Yuan is the first one for contemporary Chinese literature, which arouses a considerable sense of freshness and strangeness, and also makes readers and authors alike. I was very surprised that "novels can still be written like this". Borges wrote at the beginning of "Tron, Uqbar, Orbis-Tertius": "Relying on the combination of a mirror and an encyclopedia, I discovered Ukbar. Barr." (42) "I" and "Pioy-Casares" discussed this newly discovered encyclopedia, and in the process of investigating and understanding the truth of this encyclopedia, Borges proposed or It is said that a transformation of concepts has been completed: "The nature of Uqbar's literature is fantasy; its epics and legends never mention reality." Even when "I" and my friends learned more about the production process of Tron , Tron is also a mind-made thing.The completion and rediscovery of such a fantasy world is credible due to the participation of "I" and other people, but the fact that fantasy has been integrated into our lives is an unavoidable reality. "Pierre Maynard the Author of Quixote" tells the story of Pierre Maynard, a writer who tries to rewrite "Don Quixote".Pierre Maynard's efforts are reproduced in the narrative of "I". "My poor authority is easily overturned, I imagine. I hope, however, that I shall not be forbidden to name two important witnesses." "Why precisely Quixote? Our readers will say. "(43)"I once thought that it is reasonable to see a trace of rewriting in the 'final' "Quixote"."(44)"There is no intellectual activity that is not ultimately useless A philosophical principle that begins as an approximate explanation of the universe becomes, after so many years, a mere chapter in the history of philosophy—if not a paragraph or a term.”(45) Borges often appears in the first person in his works, using the pretense of the truth as an excuse, and then laying the groundwork a little bit, using various hooks to dazzle the readers with his thoughts. He seems to tell you a lot, but Not necessarily in the end.But his way of writing creates a great momentum, which catches you off guard.Ma Yuan and others obviously benefited a lot from Borges' style of writing.They first learned the technique of intervening in the narrative process, which is the so-called meta-narrative technique, from Borges' works. Ma Yuan's idea of ​​"princess" and Baima at the end of "No Sailboat on the West Sea" is also a reproduction of the technique similar to "The Temptation of Gangdise".Cheng Depei and Wu Liang once commented on Ma Yuan's "Three Methods of Folding Paper Harriers": "Compared with "The Temptation of Gangdise", it is still very easy to read and will not feel mysterious and mysterious. Of course, in the narrative The novel still uses the author's usual method to piece together several stories that are not very related (strictly speaking, they are not considered stories), expressing the simultaneity and unrelatedness of people's feelings about life. Usually, the artificial logical structure of novels It causes people to form the illusion that life is full of organic connections. In fact, this organic connection does not cover all the states of life. This novel consists of the narration of the narrator (he talked about Xinjian and Luo Hao), and The narratives of the narrators (Little Gesang, Liu Yu) in the narrative (the story of a criminal case and an old lady) are superimposed. These interlaced narratives constitute people’s sense of reality in daily communication.” (46) In the specific creative practice, Ma Yuan, Hong Feng, Ye Zhaoyan, and Su Tong all tried the writing method of the author intervening in the narrative process.In Hong Feng's "The Vast Sea", the author's attention to the narrative technique is quite eye-catching. "I" often comes forward to discuss what "I" will write, reflecting the fate of people in an era that is not controlled by themselves from the family's personnel changes. strange phenomenon.Ye Zhaoyan's "Jujube Tree" conceives the image of Xiuyun in the prose and at the end, the multi-faceted nature of Xiuyun, the formation of Xiuyun's personality, and her enigmatic experience are all completed through a kind of narration and imagination. In Chapter 10 of "The Story of the Jujube Tree", the author or the narrator stood up and said: "I deeply feel the fear that I can't finish writing this novel. In fact, adding oil and vinegar has already made me very uneasy. I suspect that I will make up the story like this, It will be of no benefit to others or myself. It will be useless to rack your brains, and others may ruthlessly expose the western scenery. The ready-made stories have spoiled me beyond recognition. When I took the above-mentioned pages to see Xiuyun, I suddenly felt In order to hide her idea, although I promised to make her life into a novel, and because of this promise, I tricked her into telling the truth again and again.” (47) In Borges' works, we can often see the author calling "Borges" by his first name. It seems that "Borges" is the witness of this event, which makes the work full of a kind of hypothetical reality.Borges also often confessed where he wrote and encountered new situations, so readers often see his notes and notes.All these constitute a kind of tension in the reading process.In Hong Feng's novels, "Hong Feng" is also an image that often appears and participates in the process of events, such as "The Side of the Pole" and so on. The introduction of meta-narrative technique is of great significance to the development of Chinese contemporary literature.It breaks the dominance of realism in contemporary literature and connects contemporary literature with the literary innovations of Western avant-garde literature in the 20th century.The modernist literary practice takes anti-tradition as the banner, refuses to reproduce the traditional realist novels for the purpose of verisimilitude, "defamiliarization" theory, and conscious "exposure techniques" are all to emphasize the nature of artistic symbols themselves.If we recall Brecht's experiments on defamiliarization, we can clearly understand the importance of keeping a distance between the author and the reader.In order to let his audience get out of the situation, Brecht specially drew a curtain on the stage, and pulled the curtain halfway up, in order to let the audience clearly realize that they are watching a play, not a play. The protagonist in the play is not a character in the play, which increases the audience's judgment on the plot in the process of watching the play.Brecht's practice actually represents a trend in the development of literature in the 20th century. The reading scene in a pure sense has undergone great changes, and the life he tries to reproduce with words has hardly resonated ideologically. , reading with the reader's judgment, or the reader's participation in the text is already a large part. The sudden rise of reception aesthetics in the 20th century can be said to be a powerful example.The essence of modern novels is not to resonate with you, but to make you think.This puts forward new requirements for writers' writing. Different from the previous novels, these novels are all exploring an open writing method, and the author and readers try to complete the writing of the novel together.This is similar to the open novel of the twentieth century, and it is also synchronized with the very famous critical thought of the twentieth century-the concept of reception aesthetics.